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Historical study on analyses and designs of biaxially loaded RC columns
No full text摘要
鋼筋混凝土雙向柱之分析設計上較為困難，早期多以經驗法或近似法為之，隨著電腦及程式運算不斷的發展，許多基於規範之設計和驗算方法不斷出現。本研究對多年來各方所提出之方法，作一整理與歷史回顧，最後以ACI318-11規範為準，檢核不同方法的結構設計結果，並比較探討之。
研究中所介紹的方法，包括；(1). Bresler’s 近似法(2). Etabs 設計法(3). 準牛頓法(4). 類神經網路法。並將原本為人工計算之Bresler’s近似法，改為計算機程式化來執行。
分析結果顯示，使用準牛頓法以及類神經網路法所得到之結果最為理想，因此建議在工程上分析及設計鋼筋混凝土雙向柱時，應參考此兩種方法來進行模擬及分析。此外，雖然使用Etabs設計法及Bresler’s 近似法所得之結果，比準牛頓法所得較為保守。受到軸力較大彎矩較小的狀況下，使用Etabs 設計法準確性較差；但resler’s 近似法所得之結果，則恰恰相反。使用時必須注意。The analysis and design of reinforced concrete columns under biaxial bending are difficult. Over the years various design and checking methods have been developed. This thesis presents a historical study on different methods for strength estimation of such structural elements according to ACI design code. A comparison of design results according to ACI318-11 via different methods is also made.
Four design methodsstudied includes: (1). Bresler’s Approximation method, (2). Etabs method, (3). Direct iterative method, and (4). Neural network method. The first method is the only one which is applied manually. The author also proposed a handy procedure to make it work in computer environment.
This study revealed that the quasi Newton design and the neural network design methods present closest results. If available, these two methods should be used in engineering practices.
The Etabs design and reciprocal load design method are conservative andunconservative respectively compared to the quasi-Newton method. Moreover for columns with a large nominal axial strength and small bending moment Etabs design method is less accurate. On the other hand the reciprocal load design has good results for that kind of columns and less for columns subject to a low nominal axial strength. The author recommends the use of Etabs design method for columns with low to intermediate axial force and reciprocal load method for columns having a large axial force.Chapter I Introduction 1
Chapter II Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to uniaxial and biaxial Bendings 3
2.1 Uniaxial bending 3
2.1.1 Column sectional strength 3
2.1.2 Strength interaction curve 4
2.2 Biaxial bending 4
2.2.1 Column Sectional capacity 4
2.2.2 Strength interaction surface 5
Chap III Biaxial Bending RC Column Analysis and Design methods 7
3-1 Approximative method 7
3.2 Direct calculation methods (iterative methods) 10
3.2.1 A single variable alternating iterative method 10
3.2.2 Quasi-Newton method 11
3.3 Etabs design method 13
3.4 Neural network method 15
Chapter IV Design example according to ACI 318-11by various methods and results comparison 16
4.1 Structure model and design requirements 16
4.1.1 Structure model 16
4.1.2 Design loads 17
4.2 Analysis method and results 19
4.3 Design results and comparisons 20
4.3.1 Etabs design method using ACI 318-11 20
4.3.2 Bresler’s reciprocal load method 21
4.3.3 Quasi Newton design method 21
4.3.4 Neural network method 22
4.3.5 Comparison of the results 22
Chapter V Conclusion 25
References 27
List of Tables and Figures 29-47
Appendix 48-5
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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