1,721,081 research outputs found
(13(4):57-69)INSECTICIDES POLLUTION OF WATER RESOURCES AT CHITU, TAIPEI, TAIWAN
No full textI 五豐化工廠內所設A、B兩化水池中並無高鹼度物質存在，又該二池中之水有緩慢滲入且其農藥成分並有積聚於土中之情形。土坑接受雨水過多，造成廢水流失之機會。此等問題均應予以注意並改進。
II 五豐化工廠附近基隆河之河水中，確有被農藥所污染之情形，該染污河水之農藥以parathion居多，（在282個河水樣本中，有148個被parathion所污染），endrin較少，僅有6次。
在各取樣地點之河水被parathion所污染之程度依次排列為：在工廠下游所中抽取樣本其携有parathion成分之河水佔抽出樣本之68.9%；水廠入水口處佔66.7%；工廠上游佔50%；六堵基隆河與北基公路匯合處較少但亦達22.6%。
民國51年8月間，五豐化工廠為防止廠內農藥外流，曾作多種措施及改進：(l）排水溝加蓋，以防止雨水沖入化水池內。（2）機器漏藥部分修理。故在8月下旬以後，河水被農藥所污染之次數雖因降雨量之激增而未見減少，但河水被農藥所污染之程度則大為減低。雖然如此但仍不能保證該地區河水之絕對安全。該廠乃於53年12月間，興建一立體式完全與外界隔離之化水池。此化水池包括自然蒸發，化毒及貯水三個部分，此池建妥後對該廠廢水之處理，當有進一步之改進。惟目前本省農藥之使用量甚多，因而河水被農藥所污染之機會亦很多，故若事實上不困難，在水廠內設一永久性之遺毒檢驗室，對各該地區河水中之農藥遺量予以不斷之監視為所必須。
During the past fifteen years, organic pesticides have been produced, formulated and widely used here in Taiwan, so that water pollution by pesticides in water resources has become a problem and drawn the attention of the public.
A new industrial area at Liutu (六堵) near Taipei city was established and a water works had been set up at Chitu (七堵) for municipal purposes and to serve this area. The water in keelung river is the raw water source for the water works. Within this new industrial area a pesticides factory, Wofoun Chemical Corporation, is located approximately one mile upstream from the water works, raising the question of water contamination and suitable control measures.
Several investigations were made between April and December of 1962. Samples were taken and tested at various points, various depths within a three to seven days period. For the purposes of the study on insecticide wastes originating from the Wofoun factory and the amount of insecticide concentrations at the intake of the water works, sites and the depths of the sampes taken were changed from September 11, 1962 on as shown in the table.
Parathion, diazinon and endrin were the insecticides to be detected in this in-vestigation, because these were the products formulated during that period of time by the Wofoun factory.
Paper chromatography and bioassay were employed for the qualitative and quantitative detections respectively. Method and test animals used in bioassay were varied in accordance with the sensitivity of the various organisms to these com-pounds. For example, aqueous suspension exposure method with Guppy (Lebistes reticulatus) was used for encirin; first instar mosquito larvae (Culex fatigans) for parathion; and the extraction dryfilm method with three day old house flies (Musca domestica) for diazinon. In the paper chromatography method, in cases when two or more spots appeared, further tests were conducted. Methods for further detec-tion were the Averell-Norris colorimetric method for parathion; the Togo-Powsky method for diazinon and the Phenyl Azide method for endrin.
The dissolved oxygen content and pH values of samples were checked. In addition, the insecticide residues in soil were also examined and follow the same steps as mentioned above.
The results are showed below:
The dissolved oxygen content and pH in the sewage pool were all pretty low, Which indicated that the wastes usually stored in the pool for quite a period of time, and without mixing, but that there are no active alkaline detoxifying substances remaining in the pool. On the other hand, since there is neither Cover over the pool nor on the connecting channel the excess of products eliminated in manufacturing were easily spilt or overfldwed from the pool during the rainy season and this is partly the cause of water pollution by insecticides at the Chitu water works.
The water oozing from leaks in the side wall of Wofoun factory on rainy days also contained a certain amount of insecticides. From the results of insecticide residue analyses, parathion and endrin were found in the soil either around the sewage pool or under the leaks outside the Wofoun factory (see table 3). Those residues may be due to accumulations from the water sewage.
The water in Keelung River was also polluted by insecticides from the Wofoun factory sometimes, depending upon the kind of products manufactured and the rainfall at the time. Among the samples of pollution, 148 out of 282 samples from Keelong River showed the presence of parathion. Only 6 out of 282 samples yielded endrin and 12 out of 122 samples contained diazinon.
In the Keelung River below the factory, the concentration of pollution varied directly with the distance from the factory. At the intake of the water works 66.7% of the samples and even at Liutu (many miles away from the factory) 22.6% of the samples contained insecticide. Due to peculiar currents and backflow about 50% of the samples taken just upstream of the factory were also contaminated by insecticides.
Suggestions were made to the Wofoun Chemical Corporation and the necessary steps have been taken to avoid contamination in the future
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
