21 research outputs found
(40(3):346-350)Methods of Measuring Seed Fillness in Peanut
No full text本省種植之大粒型落花生品種，籽粒常有不飽滿的現象，而籽粒飽滿度的測定，目前尚無一定標準。本研究採用臺灣省農業試驗所保存之落花生種源為試驗材料，四個類型各逢機選取20個品種，分別調查莢果及籽粒性狀，比較下列三種籽粒飽滿度測定方法：（1）乾籽粒體積／鮮莢果體積；（2）18／64吋篩網選獲之籽粒重／單株乾籽粒重；（3）種皮不皺縮乾籽粒重／單株乾籽粒重，以期選出最優之籽粒飽滿度評價方法。
試驗結果顯示：三種不同的測定方法反應不同的飽滿度值及測定意義，（1）、（2）、（3）法分別著重在籽粒充實度、籽粒大小及種皮不皺縮等特性上。其中，（1）及（3）法在Virginia Bunch型；（2）及（3）法在Spanish、Virginia Bunch及Runner型均有顯著之相關。就生理研究的觀點而言，（1）法較為可靠；然就消費市場評價標準，以及考慮育種選拔之操作方便，則以（3）法較為適當。Eighty peanut varieties were randomly sampled from 1,352 peanut germplasms, preserved at TARI, in the fall crop season of 1990. Pod and seed traits were investigated on single plant basis for comparison on the following measuring methods of seed fillness : (1)dry seed volumn/fresh pod volumn ; (2)weight of dry seed screened by 18/64 inch screen/dry seed weight ; (3)weight of nonshrivelling seed/dry seed weight.
Experimental results showed that different measuring methods provided different responses and meanings of seed fillness. Method (1), (2) and (3) emphasized on seed-filling capacity, seed size and nonshrivelling seed, respectively. There were significantly and positively correlated between method (1) and (3) in Virginia Bunch type; and method (2) and (3) in Spanish, Virginia Bunch and Runner type. Method (1) was considered as the most reliable measurement for crop physiological study, while methed (3) was the most convenient measurement for marketable evaluation and plant breeding
(37(3):278-290)Yield Stability Studies in Peanut
No full text本研究以落花生新品系十種，加上臺農4號及臺南選9號為對照，自民國73年春作至74年秋作二年間，春作在九個地區，秋作在四個地區進行區域試驗。資料經以十種隱定性介量分析，探討莢果及籽粒產量之穩定性及尋求適當的穩定性分析方法。結果摘要如下：
1﹒根據變方分析結果，春作與秋作之莢果產量及籽粒產量二性狀，在品種、環境及品種X環境之交感效應均極顯著。
2﹒莢果及籽粒產量穩定性均高的品系，在春作計有南改系133及134號；秋作僅有南改系133號，唯其產量在平均左右，利用價值不高。南改系132號產量高，但秋作甚不穩定。
3﹒不同穩定性介量反應不同功能之穩定性，結果頗難一致。
4﹒本研究結果建議：區域試驗資料之統計分析，同時採用x、cv、b及δ2等四個介量，可兼顧品種之產量及穩定性，而達到計算簡單又評估準確的效果。
Ten newly developed peanut lines and two check varieties were grown in replicated regional yield trials at nine locations in spring crop and four locations in fall crop for a period of two years (1984－1985). Yield stability by ten stability parameters were investigated.
(1) The combined analysis of variance for pod and kernel yield indicated that the mean squares for entry, environment, and entry x environment interactions were all highly significant.
(2) Nan-kai-si 133 and 134 had the best pod and kernel yield stability over all environments in spring crop, while Nan-kai-si 133 also had the best pod and kernel yield stability over all environments in fall crop. However, their yields were not acceptable. Nan-kai-si 132 had high yield but was lower in stability in fall crop.
(3) Different aspects of stability do not always provide a complete picture of the responses.
(4) This research indicates that coefficient of variation (cv), regression coefficient (b), deviation from regression (δ2) and mean yield (X) are useful parameters in the selection of stable high-yielding varieties in peanut regional trials if simplicity of calculation and precision of evaluation are concerned
(38(2):179-190)Evaluation and Utilization of Peanut Germplasm
No full text臺灣省農業試驗所歷年來自國外研究機構引進及自國內搜集之落花生種原，合計l,352個品種，其中包括Spanish type 550品種、Valencia type 220品種、Virginia Bunch type 315品種及Virginia Runner type 267品種。此等材料分別於民國76年秋及77年春在農試所農場進行兩期作之種源評估試驗。性狀之調查與登錄均依據IBPGR／ICRISAT 出版之Groundnut Descriptors上所描述之方法進行。每一品種之調查性狀共為35項，其中包括主要農藝性狀21項及形態性狀14項。本研究資料顯示：1,352品種間各性狀之遺傳變異大，利用價值頗高。為期育種家更有效地利用落花生種源，今後將就種源中某些特殊性狀，如病蟲害、化學成分及適應性等，作更詳盡的評估與登錄。
A total of 1352 peanut varieties including 550 Spanish, 220 Valencia, 315 Virginia Bunch, and 267 Virginia Runner types, introduced from overseas institutions or collected locally, are evaluated at the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute in fall crop of 1987 and spring crop of 1988. Based on the Groundut Descriptors released by IBPGR/ICRISAT, every peanut variety was described by 35 characteristics. This information has been grouped into two parts: agronomic (21 items) and morphologic (14 items) characteristics. Results from this evaluation indicate that there is considerable diversity in characters investigated. In order to assist breeders in making more effective use of the available germplasm, more detail evaluation and documentation for accessions with such specific characters as disease, insect, chemical content and adaptability are needed
(33(2):117-125)The Acumu1ation and Distribution of Dry Matter in Soybean
No full text本研究測定大豆重要生育期植株各部位（葉片、葉柄、莖桿、根、莢果壁與種子）乾重之變化情形，探討春、夏作大豆乾物質累積與分配之差異及與產量之關係。大豆植株自生育初期便逐漸累積乾物質，在營養生長期間，夏作營養器官乾重較高，當植株進入生殖生長期後，春作由於營養生長旺盛，反有較大的營養器官乾物累積。全株營養器官在R4-R5 ，生殖器官在R7 達最大乾物質累積量。夏作大豆之乾物質生產力較高，高雄3 號與十石分別為8,210 與6,480 kg / ha ，春作二品種分別僅有6,340 與4,130 kg / ha 。
植株乾物質於各器官之累積與分配受生育期及期作間氣象因子之影響，主要差異出現於種子充實階段（R4 期後）。夏作乾物質分配效率較高，生殖器官（豆莢）所獲分配之乾物質較多，春作則反是，其營養器官反而有較大的乾物質分配比率。春、夏作氣象環境的極大差異影響農藝性狀表現，造成期作間植株的生理差異（包括乾物質生產力、營養生長與生殖生長之差異，種子充實速率及充實度等），進而影響最終產量，試驗結果建議乾物質生產力及植株內部乾物質分配效率是造成期作間產量差異的主要原因。
Two soybean varieties, Kaohsiung No.3 (KS-3) and Shih-Shih (SS), were grown in the summer crop of 1981 and spring crop of 1982 at the experimental farm of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. Dry weight of various plant parts was determined to investigate the differences of dry matter accumulation and partitioning pattern between two crop seasons and their relation to seed yield.
The vegetative organs (leaf blade, petiole, stem and root) attained maximum dry weight at R4 whereas the reproductive organ (pod) attained maximum dry weight at R7 stage. With the only exception of seed, all the other organs showed decreases in dry weight during seed-filling as a results of senescence, abscission and redistribution of dry matter. Highest total dry weight of KS-3 and SS recorded in the summer crop was 8, 2 10 and 6,480 kg/ha, respectively. The corresponding values in the spring crop were 6,340 and 4,130 kg/ha. Soybeans grown as a summer crop accumulated more dry matter than those grown as a spring crop.
Dry weight of all the vegetative organs was higher for the spring crop during most of the developmental period. However, seed yield in the summer crop was higher than that in the spring crop. Soybeans grown in the summer crop had a higher efficiency in partitioning dry matter to the reproductive organ than soybeans grown in the spring crop.
High dry matter production and partitioning efficiency in the summer crop and heavy rainfall and low solar radiation during seed-filling period of the spring crop were suggested as factors causing the significant yield difference between the two crop seasons
(37(3):266-277)Comparison of Yield Components Among Various Peanut Types
No full text本研究採用臺彎省農業試驗所保存之1,297個落花生種源為試驗材料，其中Spanish type 542品種，Valencia type 219品種，Virginia Runner type 239品種及Virginia Bunch type 297品種。成熟收穫時調查產量及其構成性狀，共計十項，並經統計分析，以探討不同類型落花生品種之差異。試驗結果摘要如下：
（一）不同類型品種之落花生性狀差異頗大，Spanish type及Valencia type植株呈直立性，主莖與分枝長相近，分枝較少。Spanish type莢果小，籽粒亦小，Valencia type 莢果狹長，籽粒亦較狹小，但多為多粒型。Virginia Runner type植株呈匍伏性，Virginia Bunch type呈半立性，兩者主莖均短，分枝多，且較主莖長，莢果、籽粒及百粒重較大，單株籽粒數則較少。單株莢數、粒數、莢果產量及籽粒產量以Virginia Bunch type最低，其餘三種類型則相差無幾。
（二）不同類型間之變異係數互有差異，其中莢果大小、籽粒大小及百粒重三個性狀之變異係數在四個類型均相近，其他七個性狀之變異係數則為Virginia Runner type 及Virginia Bunch type大於Spanish type及Valencia type。性狀間相比較，則以單株莢數、單株粒數、單株莢果及籽粒產量四性狀之變異係數最大。
（三）性狀相關性在四種類型中同為顯著正相關的有：主莖長度與分枝長度；分枝長度與莢果大小；單株莢數與單株粒數、單株莢果產量及單株籽粒產量；單株粒數與單株莢果產量及單株籽粒產量；莢果大小與籽粒大小及百粒重；籽粒大小與百粒重；百粒重與單株莢果產量；單株莢果產量與單株仔粒產量。又在四種類型中均為相關不顯著的有：主莖長度與分枝數；分枝數與莢果大小及籽粒大小；單株粒數與莢果大小。其餘性狀間之相關性，在四種類型互有不同。
（四）經逐步迴歸分析結果，為提高落花生莢果產量，單就各類型品種而言，Spanish type應選拔分枝少、莢果大、籽粒大及籽粒產量高之植株；Valencia type應選拔分枝少、莢數多、莢果大、籽粒大及籽粒產量高之植株；Virginia Runner type須選拔莢數多、籽粒多、莢果大及籽粒產量高之植株；Virginia Bunch type須選拔莢數多、籽粒多、莢果大、百粒重大及籽粒產量高之植株。若為提高籽粒產量，Spanish type應選拔分枝少、籽粒多、莢果大、籽粒大、百粒重大之植株；Valencia及Virginia Runner type須選拔莢數多、籽粒多、莢果大、百粒重大及單株莢果產量高之植株；Virginia Bunch type則以選拔莢數多、籽粒多、百粒重大、單株莢果產量高之植株為宜。
（五）本研究為種評源估試驗，試驗結果顯示：本所保存之種源，遺傳變異性大，利用價值頗高，其中農藝性狀優良又合於育種目標之品種，可就其適應性及組合力等作進一步評估，以便納入育種計畫作為優良雜交親本之用。
The purpose of this experiment was to study the variation and relationship of yield and yield components among peanut types. A total of 1,297 varieties of peanut including 542 Spanish type, 219 Valencia type, 239 Virginia Runner type and 297 Virginia Bunch type were used in this trial. Ten characters for each type were measured at the harvest stage and data were analyzed. The results are summarized as follows:
1. Significant differences were found among peanut type for all characters In general, Spanish and Valencia type have similar length of main stem and primary branch, and less primary branch. Spanish type has relatively smaller pod and kernel; while Valencia type has slender pod and kernel, and more kernel in a pod. Virginia Runner and Bunch type have more and longer primary branch, and shorter main stem. Virginia Bunch type has relatively lower number of pod, number of kernel, pod and kernel yield than other types.
2. Variability is greater for number of pod, number of kernel, pod yield and kernel yield. For pod size, kernel size and 100-kernel weight the variability is low. However, the coefficients of variation of Virginia Runner and Bunch type are larger than those of Spanish and Valencia types for length of main stem, length of primary branch, number of primary branch, number of pod, number of kernel, pod and kernel yield per plant.
3. The correlation coefficients differ in different types of peanut. Significant positive correlations for all types were observed between length of main stem and length of primary branch; length of primary branch and pod size; number of pod and number of kernel, pod yield, kernel yield; kernel number and pod yield, kernel yield; pod size and kernel size, 100-kernel weight; kernel size and 100-kernel weight; 100-kernel weight and pod yield; pod yield and kernel yield. Nonsignificant correlations for all types also were observed between length of main stem and number of primary branch; number of primary branch and pod size, and kernel size; number of kernel and pod size.
4. From the results of stepwise regression method, the major components of pod yield per plant are number of primary branch, number of pod, pod size and kernel yield per plant for Spanish type; number of primary branch, number of pod, pod size, kernel size and kernel yield per plant for Valencia type; number of pod, number of kernel, pod size and kernel yield per plant for Virginia Runner type; number of pod, number of kernel, pod size, l00-kernel weight and kernel yield per plant for Virginia Runner type. The major components of kernel yield per plant are number of primary branch number of kernel, pod size, kernel size and 100-kernel weight for Spanish type; number of pod, number of kernel, pod size, 100-kernel weight and pod yield per plant for Valencia and Virginia Runner type; number of pod, number of kernel, 100-kernel weight and pod yield per plant for Virginia Bunch type.
5. These results from evaluation of peanut germplasm indicate that there is considerable diversity in characters investigated. However, more evaluations for adaptation and combining ability may be needed before they are used in a breeding program
(38(2):191-200)Heritability and Correlation Based on the F2 Population from Two Crosses between Large-seeded Virginia Bunch Type and Small-seeded Spanish Type Peanuts
No full text本研究利用二個大粒型（Virginia Bunch type）與二個小粒型（spanish type）落花生雜交組合之F2族羣及其四個觀本為材料，於臺中霧峰及雲林崙背進行田間試驗，估算莢果與籽粒性狀之遺傳率、基因型相關及外表型相關，藉以鑑定此二雜交組合提供選拔大粒、飽滿、豐產落花生新品系之可能潛力。試驗結果顯示：兩個F2族羣之成熟莢果數、成熟莢果重、飽滿籽粒重、莢果長、莢果寬及籽粒寬等性狀之平均值約略相近。U-5 × Tainung 5比Tainan Sel. 9 × Nakate Yutaka有較高之成熟莢果數及成熟莢果重，與較少之飽滿籽粒數及籽粒長。兩個族羣於兩處試區之萊果與籽粒性狀之遺傳率估值介於0.22～0.97之間。遺傳率值在族羣間與試區間均稍有差異。莢果及籽粒性狀間之基因型相關與外表型相關，多數均為顯著正相關。本研究結果推測：在大粒、飽滿、豐產落花生育種上，U-5 Tainung 5及Tainan Sel. 9 × Nakate Yutaka二雜交組合均具選拔潛力，值得繼續分離與利用。
Two crosses between large-seeded Virginia Bunch type and small-seeded Spanish type peanuts were evaluated to determine the potential for selecting prominent cultivars. Heritabilities, phenotypic and genotypic correlations were determined for pod and seed traits at two locations. Two crosses had similar number of mature seed, weight of mature seed, weight of well-filled seed, pod length, pod width and seed width. Cross of U-5 × Tainung 5 had higher number and weight of mature pod, and less number of well-filled seed and seed length than Tainan Sel. 9 × Nakate Yataka. Heritability estimates for pod and seed traits were moderate to high over crosses and locations.
Most of pod and seed traits were significantly and positively correlated for both two crosses indicating that it is possible to select high-yielding lines with large and well-filled seed from these two populations
(39(3):174-181)Partitioning of Genotype by Environment Component of Variance in Peanut Yield Trials
No full text本研究利用二十個落花生品系（種）為材料，於臺中縣霧峰及雲林縣崙背進行春、秋兩期作之田間試驗，估算籽粒產量之基因型變方成分、環境變方、廣義遺傳率、遺傳相關、基因型與環境交感效應之變方成分，並進行基因型與環境交感效應之變方成分劃分，藉以評估目前農試所品系試驗中對於試區與期作選定之適當性。試驗結果顯示：劃分基因型與環境交感效應之變方成分，在所有情形下，基因型與環境交感效應主要由於不同環境間遺傳相關差異所引起（64.85～99.97％），而僅有一小部分乃係由於不同環境間之基因型變方不等所佔有（0.03～35.15％）。本研究結果建議：為求正確評估品系之籽粒產量潛力，本所同時在臺中縣霧峰與雲林縣崙背進行春、秋兩期作之品系選拔試驗，乃屬必要。
Twenty peanut lines were grown in replicated yield trials at two locations in spring and fall crops of 1987. Genotype, environment, genotype × environment interaction effects and genetic correlations for kernel yield of peanut were estimated. In order to determine the optimum combination of crops and locations in peanut yield trials, genotype × environment components of variance were partitioned into two parts: one due to difference in genetic correlations from one environment to another and another due to the differences in genotypic variance.
(1) Partitoning of 2gxe indicated : a substantial portion (64.85－99.97%) of the 2gxe was due to differences in genetic correlations, and only a small portion (0.03－35.15%) accounted for by differences in genotypic variance from one environment to another.
(2) Results from this study suggested: TARI peanut yield trial conducted at four environments (Wufeng and Lungbei in spring and fall crops) is necessary if precision of evaluation and selection are concerned
(40(4):375-384)Genetic Studies on Pod and Seed Traits in the Progenies of a Diallel-cross Among Three Botanical Types of Peanut I. Combining Ability and Heterosis Analysis in F1 Generation
No full text六個分屬於Spanish、Valencia及Virginia三種植物型（各2品系）之落花生品系為材料，進行6×6全互交（不包括反交）分析，探討Fl世代莢果及籽粒性狀的組合力及雜種優勢。結果顯示：十項性狀均以累加性作用較重要，但仍有七項性狀其非累加性作用仍佔重要成份。比較型間組合的SCA效應，以Spanish×Valencia組合有最多的正效應，而Spanish×Virginia組合均為負效應。所有組合平均值大多介於兩親平均值之間，Spanish×Valencia型間組合除莢長外，均高於兩親平均值，具有較強的雜種優勢，而Spanish×Virginia型間組合則均低於兩親平均值。Spanish type具有較多的優良性狀，且其GCA效應較高，以Spanish type做為親本進行雜交育種較為有利。針對莢果及籽粒性狀進行改良，可將Spanish type與Valencia及Virginia type進行型間雜交及分離後裔選拔；唯選拔早期宜留意特殊組合力及雜種優勢效應之影響。Six peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines, were selected to represent a wide range of genetic diversity and intermated using a half-diallel mating design. The lines included two Spanish types, PI 240553 and PI 261946; two Valencia types, NC Acc. 17127 and PI 407454, and two Virginia types, Bolivia 2 and PI 203396. Parents and 15 F1 hybrids were field evaluated to study the combining ability and heterosis for pod and seed traits. Combining ability analysis showed that both general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) were significant for all traits with the exception of the SCA for full-seed ratio, pod width, and seed width. The variances of GCA were larger than that of SCA (2-54 times) for all traits measured. Parents varied in relative GCA effects for different traits. Spanish type had the greatest GCA effects for yield components and full-seed ratio, Valencia type for pod length and pod width, and Virginia type for seed length. Cross of Spanish x Valencia type had the greatest SCA effects for nine traits. Cross of Spanish × Virginia type had negative SCA effects for all traits. Several of the fifteen F1 crosses showed considerable heterosis when compared with mid-parent means. Cross of Spanish × Valencia type gave greater heterosis than other cross combinations. This results suggest that cross between Spanish type and Valencia type, and Spanish type and Virginia type were promising combinations for pod and seed traits improvement. However, selection of desired recombinants from the segregating population in early generations, caution should be made in the effects of SCA and heterosis
Analisis Perbandingan Logika Fuzzy Time Series Sebagai Metode Peramalan
No full textAbstract - Fuzzy method in the world of information and communication technology especially in the domain of intelligent systems, which one can be used to forecasting. In this study the author will compare between fuzzy time series methods presented by Ruey Chyn Tsaur and the Novel Algorithms presented by Jasim, Salim and Ibraheem as a method to forecasting currency exchange rate of the Rupiah against the U.S. Dollar is retrieved from the data of BankIndonesia. Results of the forecasting using Novel Algorithm, obtained a value of MAPE 0.003316 (0,3316%), while the Fuzzy Time Series Ruey Chyn Tsaur, obtained results of MAPE 0.01459 (1,459%).Keywords: Forecasting , Fuzzy Time Series, Ruey Chyn Tsaur, Novel Algorithms, MAPE Abstrak - Metode fuzzy dalam dunia teknologi informasi dan komunikasi khususnya dalam ranah sistem cerdas, salah satunya dapat digunakan untuk melakukan peramalan. Dalam kajian ini penulis akan membandingkan antara metode fuzzy time series yang dikemukakan oleh Ruey Chyn Tsaur dengan Algoritma Novel yang dikemukakan oleh Jasim, Salim dan Ibraheem sebagai metode untuk peramalan nilai tukar Mata Uang Rupiah terhadap Dolar AS yang didapat dari data Bank Indonesia. Dari hasil peramalan menggunakan Algoritma Novel, didapat nilai MAPE sebesar 0.003316 (0,3316%), sedangkan Fuzzy Time Series Ruey Chyn Tsaur, diperoleh hasil MAPE sebesar 0.01459 (1,459%).Kata Kunci : Peramalan, Fuzzy Time Series, Ruey Chyn Tsaur, Algoritma Novel, MAP
Analisis Tingkat Akurasi Algoritma Novel Sebagai Metode Prediksi (Studi Kasus: Prediksi Harga Emas)
Get PDFFuzzy method in the world of information and communication technology especially in the domain of intelligent systems, which one can be used to predictions/ forecasting. In this study the author will use the Novel Algorithm presented by Jasim, Salim and Ibraheem as a method to predictioning the Gold Price, the data source is retrieved from the http://www.kitco.com. Then the predictions result with Novel Algorithm will be comparing with fuzzy time series methods presented by Ruey Chyn Tsaur. Results of the predictions using Novel Algorithm, obtained a value of MAPE 0,0385(3,85%), while the Fuzzy Time Series Ruey Chyn Tsaur, obtained results of MAPE 0,0544(5,44%
