56,776 research outputs found
Vascular endothelial growth factor restores delayed tumor progression in tumors depleted of macrophages
No full textGenetic depletion of macrophages in Polyoma Middle T oncoprotein (PyMT)-induced mammary tumors in mice delayed the angiogenic switch and the progression to malignancy. To determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) produced by tumor-associated macrophages regulated the onset of the angiogenic switch, a genetic approach was used to restore expression of VEGF-A into tumors at the benign stages. This stimulated formation of a high-density vessel network and in macrophage-depleted mice, was followed by accelerated tumor progression. The expression of VEGF-A led to a massive infiltration into the tumor of leukocytes that were mostly macrophages. This study suggests that macrophage-produced VEGF regulates malignant progression through stimulating tumor angiogenesis, leukocytic infiltration and tumor cell invasion
Spiranthes nivea var. nivea T. P. Lin & W. M. Lin 2011
No full textSpiranthes nivea T.P. Lin & W.M. Lin (2011: 320) var. nivea — Fig. 4. Type:— TAIWAN. Pingtung: Tahanshan, 20 May 2009, Y.F. Wang s.n. (holotype: TAI 270634!). Synonym:— Spiranthes suishaensis auct. non (Hayata 1916: 86) Schlechter (1919: 161): Lin (2016: 117). Morphological descriptions and illustrations: —See Lin & Lin (2011: 320; f. 5), Surveswaran et al. (2017: 125; f. 4), Hsu & Chung (2016: 188), as Spiranthes suishaensis, and Lin (2019: 266; f. 117; pl. 13). Distribution and ecology: —The typical variety species is only recorded from the type locality, Tahanshan (Mt. Tahan) in southern Taiwan. It grows on semi-open roadside slopes around 1400–1600 m elev. and flowers from March to April. Additional specimens examined: — TAIWAN. Pingtung Co.: Mt. Tahan, 13 March 2013, T.-C. Hsu 6342 (TAIF!); Tahanshan, 9 April 2013, S.-S. Lin s.n. (TAI!). Taxonomic remarks: — Spiranthes nivea is most similar to S. hongkongensis, but it differs in having nearly glabrous labellum disc, smaller glabrous basal labellum callosities, and sparsely pubescent glabrous rachis, ovaries, and sepals.Published as part of Suetsugu, Kenji & Hsu, Tian-Chuan, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) in Taiwan, pp. 1-10 in Phytotaxa 578 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/751762
Ciclização intramolecular de 2-(w-Bromoalquiloxi) anilinas /
No full textDissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas.Ciclizações intramoleculares podem ser estudadas como modelos miméticos de catálise enzimática. Esses modelos fundamentam-se no princípio de que os parâmetros físico-químicos que governam a reatividade entre dois grupamentos funcionais em uma reação intramolecular, estejam presentes também no mecanismo da ação enzimática. Os brometos de 2-(w-bromoalquiloxi)anilínio e 2-(w-bromoalquiloxi)-3-metilanilínio foram sintetizados com o objetivo de formular novos modelos miméticos. A rota sintética utilizada foi a alquilação do 2-nitrofenol e 6-nitro-2-metilfenol com dibrometos de alquila, com subseqüente hidrogenação catalítica dos nitro-compostos. As reações de ciclização das anilinas foram acompanhadas por espectroscopia de UV/Vis, em meio aquoso (solução de hidróxido de sódio 10-3 M) e em solventes orgânicos (metanol, etanol e acetonitrila, e misturados na proporção 1 : 1 com água), monitorando o aparecimento do produto ciclizado. Os resultados cinéticos indicam que as reações de ciclização dos compostos com o grupo metila são aproximadamente 3 e 14 vezes mais rápidas, para os anéis de 8 e 7 membros respectivamente, comparadas às ciclizações dos compostos sem metila. Cálculos de modelagem molecular sustentam o mecanismo via substituição nucleofílica intramolecular
Natural hazards knowledge and risk perception of Wujie indigenous community in Taiwan
No full textThe purpose of this work was to investigate the natural hazards knowledge and risk perception of Wujie indigenous community, located in Fazhi village in the Central Mountain Range of Taiwan. Natural hazards (e.g. floods, landslides and debris flows) are one of the most critical issues for the Taiwanese government and for the people living in mountainous areas. During the last centuries, the native people experienced economic competition and military conflicts with a series of colonial periods that have led to a progressive loss of their original cultural identity. The motivation of selecting the case study of Wujie community is because (1) it has experienced, more than others, generations of devastating colonial oppression by foreign governments; (2) several landslides and debris flows occurred during the last decades; and (3) the area was subject of land exploitation and several hydroelectric projects. Two questions appear spontaneously: How are those indigenous people nowadays living with natural hazards? Have land use change and the anthropic pressure affected their knowledge and perception of natural hazards and related risk? This research, one of the first carried out in Taiwan involving an indigenous community, can offer a unique opportunity to answer these questions. The investigation utilized a variety of participatory methods by the use of face-to-face interviews. Results revealed that residents felt a high worry about landslide and flood risks. However they felt a slight preparedness to face them. The most considerable differences were found between the personal evaluations respect to the overall community. The discrepancy in the attitude–behavioural link may derive from an unsatisfactory level of communication and information probably ground in the absence of community participation in the decision-making process. Results revealed also the complexity of residents’ perspectives about the causes of the increase of natural hazards occurrence. To this point, the community has ascribed this phenomenon to several uncontrolled human actions during colonial period that have affected the environment and their living. In addition, gender, age education and experience of natural hazards were found to be significant predictors in this study. Paying attention to the indigenous perception of a hazard and risk can increase the effectiveness of projects implemented by practitioners who might need to communicate risks in the future. It also helps governments in their possible need to order evacuations, and future researchers to conduct similar projects
High magnetic susceptibility produced in high-velocity frictional tests on core samples from the Chelungpu fault in Taiwan
No full textOligoclonal T cells in histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenopathy are associated with TLR9+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells
No full textSPATIAL CHOW-LIN METHODS: BAYESIAN AND ML FORECAST COMPARISONS
No full textCompleting data that are collected in disaggregated and heterogeneous spatial units is a quite frequent problem in spatial analyses of regional data. Chow and Lin (1971) (CL) were the rst to develop a uni ed framework for the three problems (interpolation, extrapolation and distribution) of predicting disaggregated times series by so-called indicator series. This paper develops a spatial CL procedure for disaggregating cross-sectional spatial data and compares the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian spatial CL forecasts with the naive pro rata error distribution. We outline the error covariance structure in a spatial context, derive the BLUE for the ML estimator and the Bayesian estimation procedure by MCMC. Finally we
apply the procedure to European regional GDP data and discuss the disaggregation assumptions. For the evaluation of the spatial Chow-Lin procedure we assume that only NUTS 1 GDP is known and predict it at NUTS 2 by using employment and spatial information available at NUTS 2. The spatial neighborhood is de ned by the inverse travel time by car in minutes. Finally, we present the forecast accuracy criteria comparing the predicted values with the actual observations.
Conjugated linoleic acid concentration as affected by lactic cultures and added linoleic acid.
No full textLinoleic acid isomerase activity in enzyme extracts from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. Shermanii.
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