28 research outputs found
Quantification of ground glass opacity (GGO) in alveolitis patients by means of 3D texture analysis.
No full textOntogeny of 3D rib curvature and its importance for the understanding of human thorax development
No full textReceived 12 June 2015; revised 26 October 2015; accepted 29 October 2015; Epub 2015 Nov 17Objectives: Sagittal and axial rib orientation relative to the spine are two factors that modify rib cage morphology during ontogeny. Some studies suggest that these factors do not operate in the same way at the upper (ribs 1–5) and lower thorax (ribs 6–10) during postnatal growth, but it is unknown if the ontogenetic thoracic changes are produced by morphological changes of the ribs (intrinsic rib factors) or by external factors related to costal joints (extrinsic rib factors).Material and methods: To clarify these questions, we applied 3D geometric morphometrics of landmarks and sliding semilandmarks (N = 20/rib) to 280 individual ribs (1–10) of Homo sapiens comprising the entire human ontogeny and growth simulations were carried out.Results: PCA shows that intrinsic rib factors (rib torsion and axial rib curvature) are ontogenetic factors of variability that contribute to configuring the adult thorax shape. Moreover, growth simulations and regression slopes suggest that the upper thorax unit is comprised by ribs 1–7 and the lower unit at least by ribs 8–10.Discussion: These results suggest anatomical constraints for ontogenetic rib variation, since ribs 1–7 (true ribs) are directly linked to the sternum. Moreover, these results are supported by functional anatomy because pulmonary kinematics would influence the upper unit and diaphragmatic kinematics would influence the lower one. Our findings are relevant not only to understanding how changes at individual ribs contribute to the adult thorax morphology, but also to the development and evolution of the modern human rib cage. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Grant sponsor: CGL2012-37279 Project (Ministry of Science and
Competitivity, Spain)Peer reviewe
Texture-based Automated Quantification of Interstitial Lung Disease: Correlation With the Visual Score
No full textPurpose of the Study: The quantification of various disease patterns in the lung parenchyma remains a challenge. In this study the texture analysis algorithm 3D-AMFM (Adaptive Multiple Feature Method) contained in the software PASS (University of Iowa) was applied with interstitial lung disease (ILD). We checked for the statistical accuracy and reliabity of the method by standard tests compared to visual scoring. Methods: Based on a Bayesian classifier, a training data base including texture patterns (normal, ground glass, honey combing, emphysema) from 1300 volumes of interest (VOIs; 151515 pixels) of 47 selected patients with mixed ILDs was built up. Another 18 patients with a typical thin-section CT pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (n=9) and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (n=9) were independently analyzed and visually quantified at 5 pre-established levels by two experienced chest radiologists. The same thin-section CT scans were analyzed with 3D-AMFM. Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the correlation between the visual scores and the computed results. Results: The mean extent of honeycombing, ground glass and emphysema was 5.4%, 43.5% and 2.1% by the visual score and 19.4%, 44.3% and 0.6% by the 3D-AMFM, respectively. There was close correlation between visual score and 3D-AMFM for both the extent of ground glass (P=0.546) and emphysema (P=0.099), but worse for the extent of honey combing (P=0.000837). Conclusions: The 3D-AMFM system is a promising and effective tool for ILD quantification, showing clinical acceptable correlation with human observer. The overestimation of honeycombing by 3D-AMFM is probably caused by small vessels and airways. The continuing development of the feature data base and the inclusion of further pathologic texture patterns will improve quantification of disease and provide objective measures of disease progression
On the chest size of Kebara 2
No full textThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CGL2012-37279, MINECO), the Leakey Foundation, and PI10/02089 ( Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria) Ministry of Health, Spain.Peer Reviewe
Simulationen zwischen dem Eigenen und dem Anderen
No full textVon 1961 bis 2008 publizierte die österreichische Autorin Käthe Recheis zahlreiche literarische Werke über nordamerikanische Indigene, die sich an unterschiedlichste Altersgruppen richten, verschiedenste Gattungsformen umfassen und sich zu weiten Teilen einem stereoty-pen Blick auf den 'Indianer' als das Andere entziehen. Einige ihrer Werke entfernen sich sowohl von der deutschsprachigen Tradition der kinderliterarischen 'Indianer'-Geschichte als auch von dem nicht selten klischeebehafteten Genre der jugendliterarischen Abenteuerliteratur und weisen stattdessen anti-essentialistische, ethnografische und differenzsensible Herangehensweisen auf.
Mit Rückgriff auf die Überlegungen des Anishinabe-amerikanischen Schriftstellers und Kulturtheoretikers Gerald Vizenor, der westliche poststrukturalistische und postmoderne Theorien (insbesondere die Simulationstheorie von Jean Baudrillard) aus indigener Perspektive neu konzeptualisiert und den 'Indianer' als koloniale Erfindung ohne außersprachlichen Referenten beschrieben hat, untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit exemplarische mono- und multi-modale Texte von Käthe Recheis. Im Zentrum der Analyse steht die Frage, inwiefern die ausgewählten Texte dominante Darstellungen von 'Indianern' reproduzieren bzw. hinterfragen und mithilfe welcher Darstellungsstrategien sie der von Gerald Vizenor angesprochenen Disanalogie zwischen außersprachlicher Realität und literarischer Repräsentation entgegenwirken bzw. diese aufrechterhalten.
Neben der kritischen Re-Lektüre von Käthe Recheis' Publikationen vor dem Hintergrund indigener postkolonialer und postmoderner Theorien wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit auch die historische, transnationale sowie die spezifisch deutschsprachige Genese des Mythos 'Indianer' beleuchtet. Dabei wird einerseits diskutiert, wie die hyperrealen Konstruktionen des 'grausamen', 'edlen', 'verschwindenden' bzw. 'ökologischen Wilden' die westlichen Vorstellungen vom 'Indianer' geprägt haben. Andererseits werden diese Bilder – basierend auf Roland Barthes' Theorie der Mythenbildung – auf ihre mythologischen, semiotischen und semantischen Strukturen hin untersucht.Between 1961 and 2008, the Austrian author Käthe Recheis published a number of books about North American indigenous people, which comprise a variety of genres and which are addressed to readers of different ages. Many of these works refuse a stereotypical perspective onto the 'Indian' as the Other, diverging from both from the German tradition of the 'Indian novel' for children and the genre of the young adult adventure novel. Instead, several of Recheis' texts exhibit narrative strategies of anti-essentialism and ethnography as well as a sensitivity for cultural difference.
This master thesis investigates a selection of Käthe Recheis's monomodal and multimodal publications, drawing on Gerald Vizenor’s theory of the 'simulated Indian'. Reconceptualizing poststructural and postmodern theories (especially Jean Baudrillard's theory of simulation) from an indigenous viewpoint, the Anishinaabe writer and scholar has described the Indian as a colonial invention lacking any extralinguistic referent. This thesis analyzes to what extent the selected texts reproduce or challenge these dominant forms of representation and how they counteract or reaffirm the disanalogy between the extralinguistic realities of Native Americans and First Nations and the literary representations of the 'Indian', as it has been delineated by Gerald Vizenor.
Before presenting this critical re-reading of Recheis's publications against the backdrop of indigenous postcolonial and postmodern theories, the thesis also examines the historical and transnational genesis of the myth(s) of the 'Indian' as well as their development in German-speaking countries. On the one hand, it discusses how the hyperreal constructions of the Savage, the Noble, the Vanishing, and the Ecological Indian have shaped Western imaginations. On the other hand, it explores the mythological, semiotic, and semantic structures of these images based on Roland Barthes's theory of the creation of myths
Quantifizierung von Krankheitsmustern mittels Texturanalyse bei Patienten mit interstitiellen Lungenerkrankungen (ILD): Korrelation mit Visual Score
No full text
Nasal cavity airflow: Comparing laser doppler anemometry and computational fluid dynamic simulations
No full textThickness Mapping of the Occipital Bone on CT-data –- a New Approach Applied on OH 9
No full textA new approach for the analysis of cranial bone thickness is introduced. The study focuses on the occipital bone of modern humans and of a 1.25 Myr-old H. ergaster/erectus specimen from Olduvai Gorge (OH 9). A semiautomatic algorithm detects a multitude of thicknesses from CT-data of the investigated bones. We find that every bone is characterized by its own distribution pattern of cranial thickness, which is then analyzed statistically. The results demonstrate that the thickness distribution of the occipital bone of OH 9 is within the normal range of the H. sapiens sample (which itself shows a remarkably high variance). This contributes to a further analysis of phyletic differences of hominid morphology by including distribution patterns of thickness combined with aspects of functional anatomy
