73 research outputs found
Atomic force microscopy study of DNA deposited on poly-L-ornithine coated mica
No full textAnalyses of individual biomolecules, like DNA, or DNA–protein
complexes, via atomic force microscopy, require ‘gentle’ methods
to immobilize DNA on surfaces, which allow the ensemble of
molecules to adopt conformations dictated primarily by their
physical characteristics, and which possibly permit the use of a
wide selection of buffers. We show that poly-l-ornithine-coated
mica is a good substrate for fast, reliable deposition of DNA for
wet or dry imaging. The surface firmly secures DNA, which
retains the B-form helical rise (0.34 nm bp−1). The conformations
of DNA that result are reminiscent of three-dimensional
random coils projected on to a plane. The contrast is good,
especially in solution, and buffers with physiological concentrations
of salt with or without divalent cations may be used. This
is important for comparison of scanning probe microscopy
results with those obtained by different techniques
„Rzeź niewiniątek” Piera Francesca Mazzucchellego ze zbiorów Museo Diocesano w Mediolanie jako wyraz inspiracji dziełem Guida Reniego
No full textThe following article is the first publication in Polish, in which one of the most important Lombardian Baroque artists, so far almost completely unknown in Poland, has been introduced in a closer approach. The starting point for analysing his work became the painting of Slaughter of the Innocents (ca. 1616) from the collection of Museo Diocesano in Milan, untypical as far as its composition is concerned, as it has no precedence in Italian art of early Baroque, with distinctive horizontal partitions intermingled with clearly accentuated diagonals. Mazzucchelli applied it also in his other painting of Abduction of Helen (at present in the collection of Colnaghi Gallery in New York) dated at ca. 1613, however the author does not agree with the date and moves it towards ca. 1620. Another painting discussed in the article, being an artistic exercise for the mentioned above works, is Mazzucchelli’s much earlier canvas with Jacob’s Struggle with the Angel (ca. 1610, Museo Diocesano in Milan). In its composition there reappears a horizontal dominant, which organises around it the inner structure of the painting. The author seeks the inspiration for this untypical composition of Slaughter of the Innocents from Milan in Guido Reni’s painting of the same subject (1611, Pinacoteca Nazionale in Bologna), where also appears a strong horizontal accent in the motive of clasping hands. Despite its stylistic differences, the iconographic analogies and applying a similar compositional type may indicate Mazzucchelli’s closer contacts with Bologna milieu
T-cell metagene predicts a favorable prognosis in estrogen receptor-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers
No full textIntroduction: Lymphocyte infiltration (LI) is often seen in breast cancer but its importance remains controversial. A positive correlation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification and LI has been described, which was associated with a more favorable outcome. However, specific lymphocytes might also promote tumor progression by shifting the cytokine milieu in the tumor.
Methods: Affymetrix HG-U133A microarray data of 1,781 primary breast cancer samples from 12 datasets were included. The correlation of immune system-related metagenes with different immune cells, clinical parameters, and survival was analyzed.
Results: A large cluster of nearly 600 genes with functions in immune cells was consistently obtained in all datasets. Seven robust metagenes from this cluster can act as surrogate markers for the amount of different immune cell types in the breast cancer sample. An IgG metagene as a marker for B cells had no significant prognostic value. In contrast, a strong positive prognostic value for the T-cell surrogate marker (lymphocyte-specific kinase (LCK) metagene) was observed among all estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors and those ER-positive tumors with a HER2 overexpression. Moreover ER-negative tumors with high expression of both IgG and LCK metagenes seem to respond better to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Conclusions: Precise definitions of the specific subtypes of immune cells in the tumor can be accomplished from microarray data. These surrogate markers define subgroups of tumors with different prognosis. Importantly, all known prognostic gene signatures uniformly assign poor prognosis to all ER-negative tumors. In contrast, the LCK metagene actually separates the ER-negative group into better or worse prognosis
Facing femininities : women in the National Portrait Gallery, 1856-1899.
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN029234 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
CE-MS for Proteomics and Intact Protein Analysis
No full textThis chapter aims to explore various parameters involved in achieving high-end capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) analysis of proteins, peptides, and their posttranslational modifications. The structure of the topics discussed in this book chapter is conveniently mapped on the scheme of the CE-MS system itself, starting from sample preconcentration and injection techniques and finishing with mass analyzer considerations. After going through the technical considerations, a variety of relevant applications for this analytical approach are presented, including posttranslational modifications analysis, clinical biomarker discovery, and its growing use in the biotechnological industry.</p
Clinical relevance of soluble c-erbB-2 for patients with metastatic breast cancer predicting the response to second-line hormone or chemotherapy
No full textConcentrations of soluble c-erbB-2 were determined in the sera of 64 patients with distant metastasis from advanced breast cancer receiving second-line hormone or chemotherapy in comparison to 35 breast cancer patients without detectable recurrent disease and 17 healthy blood donors. The sera of non-metastatic breast cancer patients contained s-erbB-2 concentrations similar to those of healthy blood donors. Patients with distant metastasis from advanced breast cancer had significantly higher values of s-erbB-2 in comparison to patients with non-disseminated disease (mean: 59.6 vs. 11.6 U/ml; p = 0.022). A significant correlation was observed between s-erbB-2 serum levels and serum LDH concentrations (p < 0.001), levels of alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001), and the presence of hepatic metastasis (p = 0.001). Time to tumor progression was significantly shorter in patients with s-erbB-2 levels above 40 U/ml (mean: 23.4 vs. 56.7 months; p = 0.002). Furthermore, breast cancer patients with hepatic metastasis and those with elevated s-erbB-2 serum levels above 40 U/ml had limited response to hormone or chemotherapy. Non-responders had significantly higher s-erbB-2 levels (mean: 270.3, range: 42-500 U/ml;) compared with the responder group (mean: 23.1, range: 0-149 U/ml; p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that elevated s-erbB-2 serum levels above 40 U/ml independently predicted an unfavorable response to second-line hormone or chemotherapy in patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer. Copyright (C) 2002 S. KargerAG, Basel
An unsuspected congenital laryngeal atresia with an associated tracheoesophageal fistula
No full textThe role of 67 kDa laminin receptor in G-CSF-induced hematopoietic stem cell mobilization
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