36 research outputs found
Duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1: a meta-analysis from 15 prospective cohort studies.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To test the a priori hypothesis that longer duration of ruptured membranes is associated with increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV.
DESIGN: The relationship between duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV was evaluated in an individual patient data meta-analysis.
METHODS: Eligible studies were prospective cohort studies including at least 100 mother-child pairs, from regions where HIV-infected women are counselled not to breastfeed. Analyses were restricted to vaginal deliveries and non-elective Cesarean sections; elective Cesarean section deliveries (those performed before onset of labour and before rupture of membranes) were excluded.
RESULTS: The primary analysis included 4721 deliveries with duration of ruptured membranes < or = 24 h. After adjusting for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission using logistic regression analysis to assess the strength of the relationship, the risk of vertical HIV transmission increased approximately 2% with an increase of 1 h in the duration of ruptured membranes [adjusted odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.04; for each 1 h increment]. There were no significant interactions of duration of ruptured membranes with study cohort or with any of the covariates, except maternal AIDS. Among women diagnosed with AIDS, the estimated probability of transmission increased from 8% to 31% with duration of ruptured membranes of 2 h and 24 h respectively (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: These results support the importance of duration of ruptured membranes as a risk factor for vertical transmission of HIV and suggest that a diagnosis of AIDS in the mother at the time of delivery may potentiate the effect of duration of ruptured membrane
Persistent Infection with Adenovirus Types 5 and 6 in Lymphoid Cells from Humans and Woolly Monkeys
No full text03: Surgical site infection prevention bundle for hysterectomy: Effect on costs of surgical admission and 30-day readmissions
No full textDesire for improved disclosure, community and bonding among young adults with perinatally acquired HIV
No full textThe increasing number of patients with PHIV transitioning into adulthood in high-income countries over the last decade or so has provided health care providers with opportunities to learn about unique obstacles and challenges faced by this population. To better understand the lived experiences of youth with PHIV, we conducted comprehensive interviews with nine patients with PHIV, between 19 and 30 years of age, at the Yale New Haven Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Program. Our interviews aimed to provide youth with PHIV a forum to share their views about: (1) what comprises a good quality of life (QoL), (2) their personal experiences with HIV disclosure, and (3) challenges they faced growing up and transitioning into adulthood. We derived supporting data on the resilience and QoL of our participants from responses to The Brief Resilience Scale and WHOQOL-HIV BREF surveys. Common themes that emerged included: desire for improved disclosure of HIV status, fear of stigma, and anger against biological mothers. Anger against biological mothers appeared to worsen feelings of isolation and adherence to medication. Our findings suggest that forums to enhance sharing of experiences and improve age-appropriate HIV knowledge are potentially important in caring for patients with PHIV
Desire for improved disclosure, community and bonding among young adults with perinatally acquired HIV
No full textNeutralizing and Hemagglutination-Inhibiting Antibodies to Rubella Virus as Indicators of Protective Immunity in Vaccinees and Naturally Immune Individuals
No full textO Impacto das medidas profiláticas na transmissão vertical do hiv.
No full textTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Pediatria, Curso de Medicina, Florianópolis, 200
West Indian Med J 2010; 59 (4): 386 Antibiotic Resistance among Pathogens Causing Disease in Jamaican Children with HIV/AIDS
No full textABSTRAC
Clinical, virologic, and serologic evidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in association with childhood pneumonia.
No full textTo explore the association of Epstein-Barr virus infection with childhood pneumonia we studied two patients whose mononucleosis-like illnesses were accompanied by pneumonia; both had virologic and serologic evidence of current or recent EBV infection. We then analyzed the sera of 71 children (age range, 14 months to 9 years) with pulmonary infiltrates for the presence of four classes of antibody to EBV. Antibody responses consistent with current or recent EB virus infection were found in 15. Two children had IgM antibodies to the EBV viral antigen at titers greater than or equal to 1:160, indicating current infection, and all 15 patients had antibody to components of the early antigen complex, suggesting recent infection. A fourfold rise or drop in one or more EBV-specific antibody classes was noted in eight patients within 30 days following onset of clinical illness. Few patients had clinical features suggesting infectious mononucleosis. Eight of the 15 with serologic evidence of current or recent EBV infection also had clinical or serologic evidence of infection with another pathogen--bacterial, viral, or mycoplasmal. Thus, in childhood pneumonia, EBV may be a primary, co-primary, or secondary pathogen; it may be reactivated in the course of infection with another agent, or possibly, by suppressing immune function, it may precipitate infection with some other organism
Infection with Two Genotypes of Epstein-Barr Virus in an Infant with AIDS and Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System
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