107 research outputs found
Preparation and Characterization of Anadara Granosa Shells and CaCO3 as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
No full textNowadays, the use of homogenous catalyst has been gradually reduced for its operational reason. The homogenous catalyst leads in difficulty of separation after the process completed and the life cycle is shorter. Therefore, most of researches are introducing heterogenous catalyst for its substitution. This research was aimed to evaluate the use of shell of Anadara granosa and CaCO3 as source of CaO based catalyst through impregnation method. The preparation of the catalyst was started by decomposition of shells and CaCO3 at temperature of 800 oC for 3 hours, followed by impregnation at 70 oC for 4 hours and then calcined at 800 oC for 2 hours. The CaCO3 based catalyst gained high yield of biodiesel (94%) as compared to Anadara granoasa based catalyst (92%). The reusability study showed that these catalysts could be used until three times recycle with 40-60% yield of biodiesel. The CaO contents of catalyst decreased up to 90% after three times recycles. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved
Received: 10th November 2015; Revised: 6th January 2016; Accepted: 6th January 2016
How to Cite: Hadiyanto, H., Lestari, S.P., Widayat, W. (2016). Preparation and Characterization of Anadara Granosa Shells and CaCO3 as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (1): 21-26. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.1.402.21-26)
Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.402.21-2
Ultrasound Assisted Esterification of Rubber Seed Oil for Biodiesel Production
No full textProduction of biodiesel is currently shifting from the first to the second generation in which the raw materials are mostly from non-edible type oils and fats. Biodiesel production is commonly conducted under batch operation using mechanical agitation to accelerate mass transfers. The main drawback of oil esterification is the high content of free fatty acids (FFA) which may reduce the yield of biodiesel and prolong the production time (2-5 hours). Ultrasonification has been used in many applications such as component extraction due to its ability to produce cavitation under certain frequency. This research is aimed to facilitate ultrasound system for improving biodiesel production process particularly rubber seed oil. An ultrasound unit was used under constant temperature (40oC) and frequency of 40 Hz. The result showed that ultrasound can reduces the processing time and increases the biodiesel yield significantly. A model to describe correlation of yield and its independent variables is yield (Y) = 43,4894 – 0,6926 X1 + 1,1807 X2 – 7,1042 X3 + 2,6451 X1X2 – 1,6557 X1X3 + 5,7586 X2X3 - 10,5145 X1X2X3, where X1 is mesh sizes, X2 ratio oil: methanol and X3 type of catalyst
PENANGANAN MUATAN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS DI KAPAL LNG TANGGUH TOWUTI
No full textABSTRAKSI
Muhammad Kurniawan Wahyu Widayat, 2019, “Penanganan Muatan Liquefied Natural Gas
Di Kapal LNG Tangguh Towuti”.
Pembimbing 1 dan 2 : Dr. Capt. Suwiyadi, M.Pd., M.Mar. dan Poernomo Dwiatmojo, SH,
MH.
Semakin berkembangnya penggunaan gas alam cair (LNG), membuat pengoperasian
kapal LNG/c semakin dibutuhkan. Penulis mengangkat rumusan masalah sebagai berikut: 1)
Bagaimana pelaksanaan penanganan muatan Liquefied Natural Gas di kapal LNG Tangguh
Towuti. 2) Apa saja kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan penanganan muatan Liquefied
Natural Gas di kapal LNG Tangguh Towuti. 3) Bagaimana upaya mengatasi kendala yang
terjadi dalam pelaksanaan penanganan muatan Liquefied Natural Gas di Kapal LNG
Tangguh Towuti.
Penulisan ini berlandaskan teori-teori yang menjelaskan tentang judul yang diangkat
berkaitan dengan penangan muatan gas alam cair (LNG) sesuai Cargo Handling Manual dan
ISGOTT khususnya di kapal LNG Tangguh Towuti. Disertai pula kerangka berpikir yang
mendasari penulisan skripsi.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis di dalam menyampaikan masalah
adalah deskriptif kualitatif untuk menggambarkan dan menguraikan objek yang diteliti.
Berdasarkan cara memperolehnya, data yang diperoleh selama penelitian sebagai pendukung
tersusunnya penulisan skripsi ini adalah menggunakan data primer dan sekunder.
Dari penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa diatas kapal LNG Tangguh Towuti: 1)
Pelaksanaan penanganan muatan diatas kapal: a) Sesuai Cargo Manual terdiri dari normal
procedure, yaitu penanganan muatan dari pelabuhan bongkar sampai pelabuhan muat, hingga
ke pelabuhan bongkar lagi. b) Sesuai prosedur keselamatan pada ISGOTT. 2) Kendalakendala
yang terjadi adalah dalam hal: a) Pengetahuan dan kemampuan Personil Dalam
Menangani muatan. b) Komunikasi selama penanganan muatan.Sedangkan pembahasan
masalahnya adalah: 1) Pelaksanaan penanganan muatan LNG di LNG Tangguh Towuti yaitu:
a) Penanganan LNG sesuai Cargo Manual sering terjadi kelalaian dalam menjalankannya. b)
Keselamatan sesuai ISGOTT masih belum sepenuhnya dimengerti dan dijalankan.
Akhirnya penulis dapat mengambil simpulan pada penanganan muatan, yaitu: a)
Pelaksanaan penanganan muatan LNG sesuai Cargo Manual dan ISGOTT diatas kapal LNG
Tangguh Towuti belum maksimal. b) Kendala kendala yang terjadi adalah berupa
kemampuan personil dan komunikasi dalam penanganan muatan yang belum maksimal.
Untuk itu saran yang diberikan antara lain: a) Peningkatan disiplin dan sosialisasi tentang
penanganan muatan yang sesuai prosedur b) Dibutuhkan peran aktif pihak perusahaan, kapal
maupun darat dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia dan fasilitas yang ada.
ABSTRACTION
Muhammad Kurniawan Wahyu Widayat, 2019, "Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas Cargo
on the Tangguh Towuti LNG Ship".
Supervisor: Dr. Capt. Suwiyadi, M.Pd., M.Mar. and Poernomo Dwiatmojo, SH, MH.
The growing use of liquefied natural gas (LNG), makes the need for LNG / c ships
increasingly needed. The author raises the formulation of the problem as follows: 1) How the
implementation of handling of liquefied natural gas loads on the Tangguh Towuti LNG ship.
2) What has been agreed in the planning of the implementation of Liquefied Natural Gas on
the Tangguh Towuti LNG ship. 3) How to overcome the settlement that occurs in the
implementation of loading of Liquefied Natural Gas on the Tangguh Towuti LNG Ship.
This writing discusses theories explaining the proposed title regarding the handling of
liquefied natural gas (LNG) cargo according to the Cargo Handling Manual and Special
ISGOTT on the Tangguh Towuti LNG vessel. Also accompanied by thoughts. Underlying
thesis discussion.
The research method used by the author in solving problems is descriptive qualitative to
describe and describe the object being discussed. Based on how it was obtained, the data
obtained during the study as a support for the preparation of this research proposal using
primary and secondary data.
The results obtained from the study on the Tangguh Towuti LNG ship: 1)
Implementation of cargo handling on ships: a) In accordance with the Cargo Manual consists
of normal procedures, namely the transportation of cargo from the loading port to the loading
port, up to the loading port again. b) In accordance with safety procedures at ISGOTT. 2) The
challenges that are needed are in terms of: a) Knowledge and ability b) Communication
during handling of the load. Updates carried out are: 1) Implementation of LNG in the
Tangguh Towuti LNG, namely: a) Handling of LNG in accordance with the Cargo Manual
which often results in negligence in its use. b) Safety according to ISGOTT is still not fully
understood and implemented.
Finally, the authors can draw conclusions on cargo handling, namely: a) The
implementation of LNG handling according to the Cargo Manual and ISGOTT on the
Tangguh Towuti LNG vessel has not been maximized. b) Constraints in assistance required
consist of the ability and communication in the coverage that is not optimal. For this reason,
suggestions include: a) Increasing discipline and socializing about handling cargo according
to procedures b) It takes an active role of the company, ship or land in improving the quality
of existing human resources and facilities
Reposisi Budaya dalam Mewujudkan Sustainabilitas Pembangunan Ekonomi Bangsa
No full textCulture as a unique characteristic of a nation has capital function in creating sustainability of economic development. In the culture, capital function can be seen from two aspects; as an instrument and constituent. Furthermore, culture contains physical (tangible) and non-physical (intangible) aspects that are useful in building nation's competitive and advantageous competence, as well as a source of national income
QR-code-based payment. Does the consumer intend to adopt a retail buying transaction?
No full textThe Quick Response (QR) code payment is a relatively new means of payment in Indonesia. Even though this strategy offers a great deal of use, not many people are familiar with it or use it. In this regard, it is fascinating to look at what makes people use the QR Code payment method. The quantitative study used a five-point Likert scale questionnaire to sample e-money users through social media groups. In addition, structural Equation Modeling (SEM), employee Smart-PLS 3.0, was used to examine the data. The results show that social factors affect how people feel about QR code payments, and facilitating support and performance expectations affect how likely they are to use it. Also, attitudes, a mediator of social impact, can change the effect of support performance expectations on adoption intentions. Because of this, people accepting QR code-based payments take a positive attitude. Also, the facilities and environment affected a positive attitude, expected performance, ease of operation, and social interactions. Based on the results, the recommendation for financial institutions and innovation is that the facility and social environment are critical to the success of financial innovation. So, if more people want to use QR code-based payments, financial institutions need to make it easy for them.
AcknowledgmentThe author would like to thank the Rector, Vice-Rector of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Furthermore, the author sincerely thanks the University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s Dean of Business and Economics Faculty. A University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s School of Economics and Business member supported finishing this paper
Front Matter Reaktor Vol 17 No. 3 September 2017
No full textBagian Depan yang meliputi cover, daftar isi, editorial boar dan pengantar dari Redaks
Back Matter Reaktor No. 17 No. 3 September 2017
No full textberisi tentang indeks penulis, objek dan petunjuk penulisa
- …
