61 research outputs found
NIHON SHOKI AND THE EARLY JAPANESE LITERATURE
No full textpdfThis paper reflects some suggestions and thoughts that came to the author's mind during the translation of "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki". Recently, the misteries of these two writings has become an object of new attention in the Japanese scientific circles. The motives for compiling the two books, the difference between them, their individual characteristics are interpreted by the Japanese scholars in different ways, but the opinion shared by majority of them is that "Kojiki" was addressed to the Japanese auditory and established sacredness and priority of the ruling clan. "Nihon Shoki" is believed to have been written in order to proclaim the power and authority of the newly established Japanese state and to prove its high cultural and political level, addressing, in the first place, the continental governments of China and Corea.
Accepting this attitude as a whole, the author, comparing the two texts, has come to the conclusion that "Nihon Shoki" had been written with much more liberty and freedom, that the aims of its compilers, in comparison with "Kojiki", seem to be not so strict and one-ideaed and the text itself is evidently much broader and richer.
To author's opinion, it can be said that to some extent "Nihon Shoki" served as some verbal cultural experiment, a kind of textual representation of the complicated cultural processes which took place in the Nara period. By this we mean that one of the fundamental directions and the aims of the compilers was, probably, in the deed of assimilating the new world, in trying to make a whole of the universe, in which a lot of trends and events were taking place simultaneously that is, the construction of the state, shaping of the existing cultes and creating of the new ones, adoption of the continental cultural paradigms, collecting and arranging local beliefs and traditions, incessant wars and coup d'etats, spreading of the rice-cultivation and new kinds of craftsmanship etc. The world has begun to move and to change, opening the active period of form-creativity.
In according with this vision of "Nihon Shoki" author thinks it possible to consider it, in addition to the already existing kinds of approach to the text, from one more angle that is, to see it as a result of probing creativity, including cosmology and cosmography, early steps of philosophy of history, first outlines of poetics and linguistical analysis, the early forms of the literary genres, such as uta-mondo, uta-monogatari kashu, various types of narratives and so on.conference pape
The Use of Chinese Words of Colloquial origin in the Nihon Shoki
No full textNihon shoki 日本書紀 made use of colloquial and vernacular terms. As regards the native Japanese or Xundu-readings (訓読) of these Chinese words and phrases, there exists a body of extensive research, typified by the work of Kanda Kiichirō, in which it has been emphasized that the so-called early Xundu-readings of the Nihon shoki were carefully chosen with reference to Chinese commentaries and that this precision also extended to colloquial and vernacular expressions. However, the examination of how passages in the Nihon shoki containing Chinese colloquial and vernacular expressions from the Nan-Bei period to the Tang 唐 have been read has been inadequate, and it is from such a perspective that in this article the author wish to consider disyllabic adverbs and examine the realities of the early signs and symbols used to indicate diacritical notes and marks (訓点) in the Nihon shoki
Picture Man: the legacy of southeast Alaska photographer Shoki Kayamori
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.In 1912, Shoki Kayamori and his box camera arrived in a small Tlingit village in southeast Alaska. At a time when Asian immigrants were forbidden to own property and faced intense racial pressure, the Japanese-born Kayamori put down roots and became part of the Yakutat community. For three decades he photographed daily life in the village, turning his lens on locals and migrants alike, and gaining the nickname 'Picture Man.' But as World War II drew near, his passion for photography turned dangerous as government officials called out Kayamori as a potential spy. Despondent, Kayamori committed suicide, leaving behind an enigmatic photographic legacy. In Picture Man, Margaret Thomas views Kayamori's life through multiple lenses. Using Kayamori's original photos, she explores the economic and political realities that sent Kayamori and thousands like him out of Japan toward opportunity and adventure in the United States, especially the Pacific Northwest. She reveals the tensions around Asian immigrants in the West Coast and the racism that sent many young men north to work in the canneries of Alaska. And she illuminates the intersecting--and at times conflicting--lives of villagers and migrants in a time of enormous change. Part history, part biography, part photographic showcase, Picture Man offers a fascinating new view of Alaska history.--Provided by publisher.Meiji Japan -- West Coast -- The Aokis -- Cannery Life -- Yakutat -- Spies -- The Collection
The Kuji Hongi 旧事本紀, Volumes 7, 8 and 9 considered as a draft of the Nihon Shoki
No full textThe Kuji Hongi has been generally regarded for two and a half centuries as a spurious work of little or no value. In the present article, evidence is adduced to show that, on the contrary, at least a portion of the Kuji Hongi should be regarded as some kind of a draft version of a portion of the Nihon Shoki. The evidence is afforded, principally, by the nature of the numerous discrepancies between the texts of the two works. The Kuji Hongi should henceforth be subjected to a critical scrutiny as exhaustive as that hitherto reserved for the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki. (This article was originally published in English in Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko, No. 14, 1955.)journal articl
春秋二倍暦から見る日本書紀 Observations on the Nihon Shoki from the Perspective of the Spring-Autumn Double-Year Calendar System
No full textProject Overview / 研究概要
This study proposes a hypothesis that the chronological structure of the *Nihon Shoki* was based on a Spring-Autumn double-year calendar system. It attempts to reconcile the records concerning the Five Kings of Wa, Yamatai, and the so-called "Eight Emperors without Historical Records."
This is the original Japanese-language version of the paper titled “Observations on the Nihon Shoki from the Perspective of the Spring-Autumn Double-Year Calendar System.”
The paper introduces a novel hypothesis that the Nihon Shoki recorded reign years using a Spring-Autumn double-year calendar system until the mid-5th century, and that this misunderstanding may have led to chronological inconsistencies in modern Japanese historiography.
By applying this structural reinterpretation, the paper successfully reconciles inconsistencies between the Nihon Shoki, Chinese dynastic records (including the Wei Zhi and Song Shu), and key archaeological findings such as the Inariyama Sword inscription.
The present version is written in Japanese and intended for readers who wish to engage with the argument in the original language of its development.
本論では、本論は『日本書紀』の記録構造を春秋二倍暦という視点から再検討し、日本書紀と中国正史との編年整合を図ったものとなります。魏志倭人伝、倭の五王、欠史八代に至るまでの記録を暦法と、年代重複の観点から体系的に整理し、従来の年代解釈に新たな基礎的構造を提起しています。
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Publicly Archived Versions (DOI)
These documents are formally archived with DOI identifiers on Zenodo:
- **English version**:
[Observations on the Nihon Shoki from the Perspective of the Spring-Autumn Double-Year Calendar System](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15306171)
DOI: `10.5281/zenodo.15306171`
- **Japanese version**:
[春秋二倍暦から見る日本書紀](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15306423)
DOI: `10.5281/zenodo.15306423`
Author / 著者
Shiina Hironobu / 椎名裕信
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This paper is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
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・Attribution (BY): The author's name must be credited.
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This interpretive model is proposed independently in this paper and does not follow existing academic chronologies.
It presents an original chronological interpretation based on the use of a biennial calendar prior to A.D. 470 and a reinterpretation of imperial reign years as indicators of longevity.
本論は CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 ライセンスの下で公開されています。
内容に関する商業的利用、出版物等への転載・収録を希望される場合は、事前に著者の許可(電子的手段を含む)を得てください。
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 では以下の条件が適用されます。
(商用利用や、継承条件を外した利用など下記の条件以外で利用するには事前の許可が必要です)
・表示(BY) :著者名の明示
・非営利(NC):非商業目的での利用(要約・翻訳など)は自由(商用利用の場合は事前に個別の許可が必要です。)
・継承(SA):本稿をもとにした派生作品(要約・翻案など)も、同じライセンス(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)で公開する必要があります
(注)本論の独自性は、西暦470年以前の春秋二倍暦の使用、および西暦391〜411年に相当すると考えられる記述の再解釈を骨子とし、そこから導かれたものになります。
クレジット表記は下記のいずれかの形式でお願いします。(2025年暫定版)
Please credit the author in one of the following formats (2025 provisional version):
・椎名+タイトル
・椎名(裕)+タイトル
・Hironobu Shiina + title
・H.Shiina + title
・Shiina Hironobu + title
・Shiina + title
※発行年やDOIなどは、必要に応じて記載してください。
Optionally, you may add the publication year, DOI, or other relevant information.
※クレジット表記の形式は今後変更する場合があります。
The format of author credit may be subject to change in the future
Isopods on isopods: integrative taxonomy of Cabiropidae (Isopoda: Epicaridea: Cryptoniscoidea) parasitic on anthuroid isopods, with descriptions of a new genus and three new species from Japan
No full textSpecies in the parasitic isopod family Cabiropidae are known to utilise various isopods as hosts but there are currently no records of members parasitising anthuroid hosts. We describe Anthuroniscus gen. nov. for three new cabiropid species, Anthuroniscus shimomurai sp. nov., Anthuroniscus dentatus sp. nov. and Anthuroniscus latus sp. nov., all of which are parasitic on anthuroid isopods. Anthuroniscus gen. nov. differs from the other 14 cabiropid genera and 10 genera treated as family incertae sedis in females having an elongate, dorsally compressed, posteriorly tapering body with six pairs of lateral bulges; and cryptoniscus larvae in the following combination of characters: (1) eyes lacking, (2) antennular article 1 with eight teeth on the posterior margin, (3) uropodal exopod and endopod rectangular rather than tapering, and endopod longer than exopod, and (4) pleotelson trapezoidal, 2× as wide as long. Anthuroniscus shimomurai sp. nov. was parasitic on Mesanthura sp. from Kaichu Doro, Uruma, Okinawa, south-western Japan; A. dentatus sp. nov. on Accalathura sp. from Irabu Island, Miyako Islands, Okinawa; and A. latus sp. nov. on Colanthura nigra from Kanagawa, central Japan. In pairwise comparisons, the three new species showed p-distances of 0.6–1.3% for the 18S rRNA gene (1440 positions); and A. shimomurai sp. nov. and A. latus sp. nov. showed a p-distance of 36.2% for the 16S rRNA gene (412 positions). In an 18S-based maximum-likelihood tree, an Anthuroniscus gen. nov. clade was the sister group to Cryptoniscoidea sp., parasitic on an ostracod species. This is the first study reporting Cabiropidae from Japan and anthuroids as hosts for Cryptoniscoidea
Presumptive stridulatory organs in Paranthura cf. japonica Richardson, 1909 (Isopoda : Cymothoida : Paranthuridae)
No full textMorphological diversity of sound-producing structures has not been well investigated among members of superorder Peracarida. Presumptive stridulatory sound-producing organs have been reported in some amphipods and tanaidaceans, and sound production by these organs has been documented in two isopod species in Oniscidea and Sphaeromatidea. Here we describe three presumptive stridulatory organs in the paranthurid isopod Paranthura cf. japonica Richardson, 1909, the first case known in Cymothoida. One type, consisting of a scale-bearing knob on the posterolateral corner of a pereonite and the scale-bearing anterolateral corner of the succeeding pereonite, was found between two pairs of pereonites (1, 2 and 2, 3). A second type involves a serrated structure in the sub-posterolateral region of pereonites 1 and 2, with the sharp anterolateral margins of pereonites 2 and 3 appearing to provide corresponding plectra. The third type involves an extension bearing a pair of serrated structures on the posteroventral margin of pereonites 1 and 2; the anterior-ventrolateral edges of pereonites 2 and 3 appear to provide corresponding plectra. All three organs occurred in both sexes of P. cf. japonica. Our discovery of novel, presumptive stridulatory organs in an intertidal isopod indicates that much remains to be learned about the biology of even common peracarid species
Ohno Susumu, Kami of the Japanese
No full textThe author, Ohno Susumu, is a Japanese language scholar. In this book, he deals with historical documents with mythological elements such as the Kojiki (712 A.D.) and the Nihon Shoki (720 A.D.) and other classical literary works using the methodology of linguistics, philology, and archeology in order to reveal the origin of the Japanese term kami (神), which is usually translated as “god” in English.Kazunori, S. Ohno Susumu, Kami of the Japanese. Journal of East-West Thought. 1(9), 89-91
Demystifying the Fourth Industrial Revolution
No full textThe author argues that capital has always rolled out new technologies, and will continue to do so because it’s driven to increase profits; the scale and impact of technology on society is shaped by the antagonism between the interests of labour and the interests of capital, chief of which is maximising profits. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is not a new or sudden arrival. Capital will always introduce enough automation to keep labour costs down and profits high. However, this does not signal an end to traditional workers’ demands
New Inquiries into the Intercourse between Japan and the Sui
No full textIn the descriptions of the Nihon-shoki 日本書紀 and the Sui-shu 隋書, concerning the intercourse between Japan and the Sui, there exist some striking differences. For example, the Nihon-shoki registers three missions to the court of Sui from Japan in 607, 608 and 614, while the Sui-shu registers those in 600, 607 and 608 in the chapter (81) on Japan and those in 608 and 610 in the annals. In addition to these differences, even the descriptions in relation with the credentials sent to the court of Sui and with students and Buddhist monks accompanied to the Japanese missions in 607 and 608 are not same. These discordances are due to the patriotism of the editors of the Nihon-shoki, who would like to change the description of the chapter on Japan of Sui-shu, which, however, were the main materials of the Nihon-shoki, so far as the Sino-Japanese intercourse during the first decade of the 7th Century is concerned.The author, comparing closely the description of the Nihon-shoki to that of the Sui-shu, concludes as follow:1) The Japanese missions were dispatched three times, which arrived at Lo-yang in 600, 608 and 610 respectively.2) The first mission whose leader is not known was sent for the improvement of the Japanese internal political reform, as well as for the advancement of their knowledge concerning the international relations of Far East.3) The second and the third missions were dispatched under the leadership of Ono no Imoko 小野妹子. The famous message to Yang-ti 煬帝, Emperor of Sui, from the Japanese Emperor was brought by the second mission, and this was the only credentials preserved to this day. The message recorded in the Nihon-shoki is nothing but an adaptation from that in the Sui-shu.4) The second mission was sent to inspect the government and policy of the newly unified China under the Sui and to improve the Buddhism in Japan. P’ei Shih-ch’ing 斐世淸 (not 裴世淸), who came to Japan as envoy to return courtesies, accompanied to the second mission. The third mission was dispatched to send back P’ei Shih-ch’ing.journal articl
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