2,945 research outputs found
Introductory notes to a grammar of Cahuilla : [to appear in Linguistic Studies offered to Joseph Greenberg on the occasion of his 60th birthday]
No full textThese notes grew out of my preoccupation with writing a grammar of a particular language, Cahuilla, which is spoken in Southern California and belongs to the Uto-Aztecan family. [...] The Introduction to the Grammar as a whole – of which two sections are reproduced here in a modified version – tries to integrate the synoptic views of the different chapters into a series of comprehensive statements. The statements cluster around two topics: 1. A presentation of Cahuilla as a type of language. 2. Remarks on writing a grammar
A functional view on prototypes
No full textThe human mind may produce prototypization within virtually any realm of cognition and behavior. A "comparative prototype-typology" might prove to be an interesting field of study – perhaps a new subfield of semiotics. This, however, would presuppose a clear view on the samenesses and differences of prototypization in these various fields. It seems realistic for the time being that the linguist first confine himself to describing prototypization within the realm of language proper. The literature on prototypes has steadily grown in the past ten years or so. I confine myself to mentioning the volume on Noun Classes and Categorization, edited by C. Craig (1986), which contains a wealth of factual information on the subject, along with some theoretical vistas. By and large, however, linguistic prototype research is still basically in a taxonomic stage - which, of course, represents the precondition for moving beyond. The procedure is largely per ostensionem, and by accumulating examples of prototypes. We still lack a comprehensive prototype theory. The following pages are intended, not to provide such, a theory, but to do the first steps in this direction. Section 2 will feature some elements of a functional theory of prototypes. They have been developed by this author within the frame of the UNITYP model of research on language universals and typology. Section 3 will bring a discussion of prototypization with regard to selected phenomena of a wide range of levels of analysis: Phonology, morphosyntax, speech acts, and the lexicon. Prototypization will finally be studied within one of the universal dimensions, that of APPREHENSION - the linguistic representation of the concepts of objects – as proposed by Seiler (1986)
Possessivity, subject and object
No full textThe basic question is whether POSSESSOR and POSSESSUM are on the same level as the roles of VALENCE, two additional roles as it were. My research on POSSESSION has shown (Seiler 1981:7 ff.) that this is not the case, that there is a difference in principle between POSSESSION and VALENCE. However, there are multiple interactions between the two domains, and these interactions shall constitute the object of the following inquiry. It is hoped that this will contribute to a better understanding both of POSSESSION and of VALENCE
Destruction and production rates of carbon monoxide in arid soils under field conditions
No full textS.112-119Carbon monoxide destruction and production processes take place simultaneously in soils (Seiler, 1978; Conrad and Seiler. 1980, 1982). The resulting net effect of both processes is usually the destruction of atmospheric CO (Inman, Ingersoll, and Levy, 1971; Heichel, 1973; Ingersoll, Inman, and Fisher, 1974; Liebl and Seiler, 1976; Seiler, 1978). Under arid soil conditions, however, soils may act as a net source for atmospheric CO. Desert and semidesert soils in southern Africa have been found to act permanently as a source for atmospheric CO (Conrad and Seiler, 1982). On the other hand, German soils under arid conditions showed a net emission of CO during daytime, but a net deposition of atmospheric CO at night (Seiler, 1978; Conrad and Seiler, 1982). The observed change of soil activity is caused by the changing rates of the individual CO destruction, or by production processes in the upper soil layers, or both. However, the parameters influencing the production and destruction proces ses of CO in the soil under field conditions are unknown. Field measurements were carried out on arid soils in Andalusia, Spain. The results indicate that the net flux of CO at the soil-air interface is determined mainly by changing CO production rates. These rates were found to be strongly dependent on the soil surface temperature. (IFU
Language typology in the UNITYP model : paper presented for the XIV. International Congress of Linguists, August 1987, Berlin, DDR, Plenary Session on Typology
No full textThe aim of this contribution is to embed the question of an antinomy between "integral" vs. "partial typology", inscribed as the topic of this plenary session, into the comprehensive framework of the dimensional model of the research group on language universals and typology (UNITYP). In this introductory section I shall evoke some cardinal points in the theory of linguistic typology, as viewed "from outside", viz. on the basis of striking parallelisms with psychological typology. Section 2 will permit a brief look on the dimensional model of UNITYP. In section 3 I shall present an illustration of a typological treatment on the basis of one particular dimension. In section 4 I shall draw some conclusions with special reference to the "integral vs. partial" antinomy
Organizacyjne zachowania obywatelskie a psychospołeczne warunki pracy w szkołach: przykład nauczycieli z Polski i Hiszpanii
No full textOrganisational citizenship behaviours are behaviours that go beyond the formal role and are organisationally functional. They can be related to, among other things, psychosocial working conditions. They may be linked, among others, to psychosocial working conditions. One of the instruments to study them is the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). Only three studies were identified where the COPSOQ was used in the context of OCBs, to a limited extent. However, this was done to a limited extent. Furthermore, no studies have been identified that have tested correlations between OCBs and COPSOQ subscales among teachers. The aim of this article is to establish the relationship between teachers’ organisational citizenship behaviours and psychosocial working conditions at school. To achieve this aim, a survey was conducted (among Polish and Spanish teachers), using the scales: OCB developed by Lee and Allen (2002) and COPSOQ. Statistical analyses were carried out using Statistica software. The study shows that for organisation-oriented citizenship behaviours (OCB-O), there are weak relationships with the variables: ‘Possibilities for development’, ‘Meaning of work’ and ‘Job satisfaction’. In contrast, organisational citizenship behaviours towards helping individuals (OCB-I) correlated only weakly with a ‘Meaning of work’.Organizacyjne zachowania obywatelskie to zachowania, które wykraczają poza formalną rolę i są organizacyjnie funkcjonalne. Mogą być one związane m.in. z psychospołecznymi warunkami pracy. Jednym z narzędzi służących do ich zbadania jest Kopenhaski Kwestionariusz Psychospołeczny (COPSOQ). Zidentyfikowano tylko trzy badania, w których zastosowano to narzędzie w kontekście OCB. Zrobiono to jednak w ograniczonym zakresie. Ponadto, nie ustalono badań, w których testowano korelacje między OCBs a subskalami COPSOQ wśród nauczycieli. Celem artykułu jest ustalenie zależności między organizacyjnymi zachowaniami obywatelskimi nauczycieli a psychospołecznymi warunkami pracy w szkole. Aby go zrealizować, przeprowadzono badania ankietowe (wśród polskich i hiszpańskich nauczycieli), za pomocą skal: OCB opracowanej przez Lee i Allen (2002) oraz COPSOQ. Analizy statystyczne przeprowadzono stosując program Statistica. Z badań wynika, że w przypadku zachowań obywatelskich zorientowanych na organizację (OCB-O), istnieją słabe relacje ze zmiennymi: „Możliwość rozwoju”, „Sens pracy” i „Satysfakcja z pracy”. Obywatelskie zachowania zorientowane na pomaganie współpracownikom (OCB-I) korelowały natomiast w niewielkim stopniu z „Sensem pracy”
Entwicklung von fortgeschrittenen Komponenten für ein Flugzeugmeßsystem zur Erfassung der Emissionen und des Transports von Schadstoffen in der unteren Troposphäre
No full textLanguage universals and typology in the UNITYP framework
No full textWhy should we engage in language universals research and language typology? What do we want to explain? It is a fact that, although languages differ significantly and considerably. indeed, no one would deny, that they have something in common; how else could they be labelled 'language'? - There is obviously unity among them, no matter how vaguely felt and for what reasons: Scientific, practical, moral, etc. Neither diversity per se nor unity per se is what we want to explain. There is no reason whatsoever to consider either one of them as primary, and the other as derived. What we do want to explain is "equivalence in difference" – cf. our motto – which manifests itself, among others, in the translatability from one language to another, the learnability of any language, language change – which all presuppose that speakers intuitively find their way from diversity to unity. This is a highly salient property which deserves to be brought into our consciousness. Generally then, our basic goal is to explain the way in which language-specific facts are connected with a unitarian concept of language – "die Sprache" – "le langage"
Anforderungen an die Datensicherheit nach dem revidierten Datenschutzgesetz unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Cyber-Sicherheit
No full textEine wirksame und effektive Sicherheitsstrategie von Unternehmen und staatlichen Stellen setzt wirksame Massnahmen zur Daten- und Cyber-Sicherheit voraus. Dabei gilt es neben zielführenden, konkreten Massnahmen auch die gesetzlichen Anforderungen umzusetzen. Der Beitrag von Seiler/Griesinger stellt die gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen zum Thema Daten- und Cybersicherheit dar und beschäftigt sich sodann mit konkreten technisch-organisatorischen Massnahmen, die in einem Datensicherheitskonzept enthalten sein sollten
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