408 research outputs found
Development of Crenosoma vulpis in the common garden snail Cornu aspersum: implications for epidemiological studies.
No full textBackground: Crenosoma vulpis (Dujardin, 1845), the fox lungworm, is a metastrongyloid affecting the respiratory tract of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), dogs (Canis familiaris) and badgers (Meles meles) living in Europe and North America. The scant data available on the intermediate hosts of C. vulpis, as well as the limited information about the morphology of the larvae may jeopardise epidemiological studies on this parasite.
Methods: Suitability and developmental time of C. vulpis in the common garden snail Cornu aspersum (= Helix aspersa) was assessed at selected days post-infection (i.e. 3, 6, 10, 15, 20 and 180). Nematodes were preserved in 70 % ethanol, cleared and examined as temporary mounts in glycerol for morphological descriptions of first-and third-stage larvae. In addition, nematodes collected from the dog and the experimentally infected snails were molecularly analysed by the amplification of the nuclear 18S rRNA gene.
Results: Specimens of C. aspersum digested before the infection (n = 10) were negative for helminth infections. Out of 115 larvae recovered from infected gastropods (mean of 9.58 larvae per snail), 36 (31.3 %) were localised in the foot and 79 (68.7 %) in the viscera. The 18S rDNA sequences obtained from larvae collected from the dog and the snail tissues displayed 100 % identity to the nucleotide sequence of C. vulpis.
Conclusions: Cornu aspersum is herein reported for the first time as a suitable intermediate host of C. vulpis. This snail species may play an important role for the infection of animals living in regions of the Mediterranean basin. In addition, this study provides more details on the morphological descriptions of L1 and L3 and supports future investigations on the epidemiology of this little known parasite
Crenosoma vulpis in wild and domestic carnivores from Italy: a morphological and molecular study
No full textCrenosoma vulpis is a metastrongyloid nematode primarily associated with respiratory tract infections of red foxes in North America and Europe. Sporadic cases have also been reported in domestic dogs. The present study aimed to provide morphological, molecular, and epidemiological data on the geographical distribution of this nematode throughout Italy. From 2012 to 2014, 12 of the 138 foxes examined, three dogs and one badger scored positive for C. vulpis. Forty adults were isolated from foxes and the badger, whereas first-stage larvae were detected in the three dogs. All specimens were morphologically identified as C. vulpis, and 28 nematodes were also molecularly characterized by sequencing mitochondrial (12S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)) and nuclear (18S rDNA) ribosomal genes. Four haplotypes were identified based on the 12S rDNA target gene, with the most representative (78.5 %) designated as haplotype I. No genetic variability was detected for the 18S rDNA gene. The molecular identification was consistent with the distinct separation of species-specific clades inferred by the phylogenetic analyses of both mitochondrial and ribosomal genes. Data herein reported indicates that C. vulpis has a wide distribution in foxes from southern Italy, and it also occurs in dogs from southern and northern regions of the country. Practitioners should consider the occurrence of this nematode in the differential diagnosis of canine respiratory disease, particularly in dogs living close to rural areas where foxes are present
Vito Volterra
No full textVito Volterra (1860-1940) was one of the most famous representatives of Italian science in his day. Angelo Guerragio and Giovanni Paolini analyze Volterra’s most important contributions to mathematics and their applications, as well as his outstanding organizational achievements in scientific policy. Volterra was one of the founding fathers of functional analysis and the author of fundamental contributions in the field of integral equations, elasticity theory and population dynamics (Lotka-Volterra model). He delivered keynote lectures on the occasion of the International Congresses of Mathematicians held in Paris (1900), Rome (1908), Strasbourg (1920) and Bologna (1928). He became involved in the scientific development in united Italy and was appointed senator of the kingdom in 1905. One of his numerous non-mathematical activities was founding the National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR). During the First World War he was active in military research. After the war he took a clear stand against fascism, which was the starting point for his exclusion. In 1926 he resigned as president of the world famous Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and was later on excluded from the academy. In 1931 he was one of the few university lecturers who denied to swear an oath of allegiance to the fascistic regime. In 1938 he suffered from the impact of the racial laws. The authors draw a comprehensive picture of Vito Volterra, both as a great mathematician and an organizer of science
The part-time work and job on call in JustEatTakeaway supplementary company agreement for Takeaway.com Express Italy (Just Eat group) riders
No full textThe comment deals with the part-time work regulation, contained, in particular, in Part II of the JustEatTakeaway supplementary company
agreement. The use of this instrument is expected to be massive, considering that it is, in the parties' plans, the common form of work in the company.
The author analyses the provisions contained in the collective agreement, especially in the light of the discipline contained in the CCNL Logistica, Trasporto, Merci e Spedizione and in the Protocol signed on 18 July 2018 for the same sector. The author also discusses the rules on overtime and supplementary work and the rules on intermittent work, which are also subject to specific contractual regulations
The working time regulation in JustEatTakeaway supplementary company agreement for Takeaway.com Express Italy (Just Eat group) riders
No full textConsidering that the regulation of the time and the possible economic relevance of the phases of waiting for delivery is a field of discussion still access regarding the work of riders, the Author analyzes, in detail, how the JustEatTakeway supplementary company agreement regulates
the working hours of riders. The Author illustrates the discipline contained in the CCNL Logistica,Trasporto, Merci e Spedizione and in the Protocol signed on July 18, 2018 for the same sector, to which the same company agreement in comment refers
Facilmente digeribile...ma non per la Corte di giustizia! Ovvero: della nozione di «informazioni sulla salute» nell'etichettatura delle bevande alcoliche secondo la normativa UE
No full textIn this article the Author comments on the recent sentence of the Court of Justice EU of 6 September 2012, Deutsches Weintor. After a general introduction of the issue and a summary of the grounds of the decision, the Author highlights problems with the interpretation of the Regulation (Ec) No 1924/06 given by the Court of Justice and finds it both too restrictive and in non-compliance with the principle of proportionality. The negative consequences of the sentence in the specific sector of the functional foodstuffs market are analysed, and the juridical evaluation also covers the Commission Regulation (Eu) No 432/2012 of 16 May 2012 establishing a list of permitted health claims made in foods, as well as the role of EFSA in the definition of the criterion to interpret the Regulation on nutritional and health claims. The article concludes with a request for a future revision of the jurisprudence and the general regulation of this matter in order to achieve a better equilibrium between the protection of health, consumer rights and the economic interests of businesses
Il diritto sindacale al tempo della crisi. Intervento eteronomo e profili di legittimità costituzionale
No full textThe essay explores some recent law reforms in the field of individual and collective labour relations and focuses on the lowering of the level of protectiveness towards workers they seem to foster as well as on their effect on the system of sources of regulation (i.e. the shift from legislative regulation to contractual norms; from nation-wide collective agreements to plant-level agreements). In this perspective, the author focuses on the consistence of these trends with constitutional principles and rules concerning trade union freedom and collective bargaining. To this end, the author offers an analysis of relevant doctrine and case law and suggests re-reading some basic decisions issued by the Constitutional Court over the time, arguing they still deserve due attention. Throughout his analysis, the author warns about the risk of considering obsolete fundamental principles and rights that are rather still of crucial importance in the current constitutional legal framework
L'evoluzione della nozione di consumatore nel processo di integrazione europea
No full textThis article examines the evolution of the notion of "consumer" in the European Union law through an analysis of the EUCJ case law and secondary EU legislation, highlighting the most recent developments and the possible impact on the EU single market. The Author underlines, in particular, how the tendency to accentuate the abstraction of the notion of "consumer" can cause distortions which do not really help in the protection of consumer rights and create juridical uncertainty for business operators. Therefore it would be desirable to find a recylatoru and judicial approach that corresponds better to rhe reality of consumer dynamics in the framework of an increased sensitivity to individuals and their vulnerabilities
From "Cambozola" to "Toscoro". The Difficult Distinction between "Evocation" of a Protected Geographical Indication, "Product Affinity" and Misleading Commercial Practices
No full textIn this article the Author analyses the developments in the EU case-law on the notion of “evocation” of a geographical indication protected by the European Union in order to precisely define the elements of this particular case, distinguish it from the so-called “product affinity” and misleading conduct of juxtaposition and confusion as to the origin and identity of products, as well as analysing the boundary between “evocation” and “indirect comparative advertising” in the context of a market with increasing competition between PDO/PGI products and similar- generic products
El retorno a los ancestros en la palabra de Vito Apüshana
No full textThe poetry of Vito Apüshana, recreates and celebrates the indigenous world where it comes from. There, life is linked to death and the connection with the ancestors maintains the order of a universe composed of several, simultaneous and fluctuating dimensions. Starting from the principles of the Wayuu worldview, in this article, we analyze how the author, through poetic language, represents life as a path to death, an instance where existence is prolonged and returns to the ancestors.La poesía de Vito Apüshana recrea y celebra el mundo indígena del cual proviene. Allí, la vida se enlaza con la muerte y la conexión con los ancestros mantiene el orden de un universo compuesto de varias dimensiones simultáneas y fluctuantes. Partiendo de los principios de la cosmovisión wayuu, en el presente artículo se analiza cómo el autor, mediante el lenguaje poético, representa la vida como senda hacia la muerte, instancia donde se prolonga la existencia y se retorna a los ancestros
- …
