130,594 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Comment on: Comparing morphometric X-ray absorptiometry and radiography in defining vertebral wedge fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: reply
No full textSIR, we read with interest the paper by Vosse et al. [1] published in your November issue, detailing a comparative study of morphometric X-ray analysis (MXA) and radiography in defining vertebral wedge fractures in patients with AS...
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
High prevalence and incidence of vertebral deformities in ankylosing spondylitis patients with hyperkyphosis
No full texts-Posters IBMS/ECTS 2001-First Joint Meeting S118 metabolism in uremic patients. Thus circulating OPG may be an uremic toxin to develop uremic bone and parathyroid diseases through increasing skeletal resistance to PTH. Ji Shui Tan Hospital Objectives: To observe change of the serum TNF-alpha concentration when patients with osteodystrophy have been treated by 1-alpha(OH)D3. Methods: Twelve patients with chronic renal failure and renal osteodystrophy treated with 1-alpha(OH)D 3 , 0.5µg /day for 2 weeks and 4 weeks individually. Results: The serum TNF-alpha concentration descended obviously after 1-alpha(OH)D3 treatment. Conclusions: 1-alpha(OH)D3 may regulate TNF-alpha producting and secreting in mononuclear leukocyte. Objective To investigate the characteristic of bone metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods The levels of serum 25OHD, IBGP and urine HOP, Crosslaps were determined in 64 type 2 diabetes mellitus patient. Results (1) The levels of serum 25OHD in type 2 diabetes mellitus group were lower than that in normal controls (Male and premenopause women vs controls P0.05). The relevant analysis suggests there was no significant relativity among age | duration of diabetes and the BMD | serum BGP | ALK-B | Pyr-D | calcium | phosphorus and urine calcium in diabetic group. There were obvious positive relations between bodyweight index and serum phosphorus and BMD (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Conclusions: Low body weight is a risk for diabetic patients to get OP. BMD in diabetic patients is a bit higher than in normal elder, but no significant difference. The nature of ectopic bone and depositions of amorpheous calcifications in advanced atherosclerosic lesions is not well understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that atherosclerotic calcification shares features with bone calcification. We studied the presence of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL) in ectopic bone and amorpheous calcifications of type Vb human atherosclerotic lesions derived from the abdominal aorta. The localization of OPG and OPGL was determined by immunohistochemistry in 5 patients with ectopic bone formation (Group 1) and in 7 patients with amorpheous calcified depositions without bone structure (Group 2). In group 1, areas of lamellar bone were found containing lining cells, osteoblasts, osteoid, trabecular bone with cement lines, osteocytes and osteoclasts. In some areas cartilage structures were found containing matrix, lacunas and chondrocytes. In group 2, amorphous calcium deposits were found. OPGL was absent in and around the bone matrix in group 1. Faint OPGL depositions were close to areas of inflammation, which included T cells. In the lesions with cartilage structure, no OPG or OPGL could be identified. In group 2, deposition of OPGL was found in areas immediately around amorphous calcium depositions. OPG was found in the lining cells and in some of the smooth muscle cells in group 1 but could not be detected in group 2. These results indicate that OPG and OPGL are involved in ectopic bone formation and in the deposition of amorpheous calcium in atherosclerosis. This could provide a base for the study of the effect of bone-specific agents on the progression of atherosclerosis. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is often followed by a loss of bone mass and bone quality. The resulting metabolic osteopathy should be characterized using laboratory and bone histomorphometric parameters. We investigated 19 patients (9 men, 10 women, age 23-68 years) suffering from Crohn's disease (16) or ulcerative colitis (3). The mean duration of the disease was 5,2 years (0,5-23). At the time of investigation, 16 patients were treated with corticosteroids (for a mean of 1,9 ys.). As serologic parameters we determined ESR, CRP, calcium, 25-OH-vitamin-D3, PTH and osteocalcin. After tetracycline labelling, bone biopsies were taken from the right anterior iliac crest applying a vertical technique. The samples were embedded in methylmetacrylate, sectioned on a heavy-duty microtome and stained (Masson-Goldner, Gomori, Giemsa). The following histomorphometric parameters were obtained using a Merz grid: bone volume (BV, in % of total bone volume), osteoid surface (OS), eroded surface (ES), osteoblast-(ObS) and osteoclast-covered surface (OcS), mineralized surface (MS, each in % of bone surface) and mineral apposition rate (MAR in microm). Patients with IBD showed increased CRP-levels (30,2±39,1 mg/l) and normal levels of calcium (2,32±0,21 mmol/l), 25-OH-vitamin-D3 (20,0±10,3 ng/ml) and PTH (25,6±10,9 ng/l), with a tendency towards low osteocalcin-levels (5,7±3,1 ng/ ml, reference 5-12). Histomorphometric parameters of IBD-patients were as follows (reference value of healthy young adults in parenthesis): 0,73±0,29microm (0,75). Osteopathy in IBD may be caused by a reduced calcium and vitamin-D resorption, the systemic action of inflammatory cytokines and the effect of corticosteriod treatment on bone. The normal levels of calcium, vitamin D and PTH in our patients do not support the hypothesis of a calcium deficiency as a main pathogenetic aspect. Small osteoid surface and low osteocalcin levels reflect a reduced bone formation, which is likely to be caused by the effects of corticosteriods on bone. In contrast, both the elevation of eroded surface and osteoclast-covered bone surface point to an increased bone resorption. According to our histomorphometric parameters, reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption seem to be characteristic features of osteopathy in patients with IBD
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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