1,721,230 research outputs found
Punctuation signs (kudujŏm 句讀點) in 15th-century Chosŏn texts: origin, function, and significance
No full textThis paper analyses the practice of punctuation (kudujŏm 句讀點) in Korean texts from the first half of the 15th century. The texts analysed are the Samgang haengsil-to 三綱行實圖 (Illustrated Guide to the Three Relations, 1434), the Hunmin chŏngŭm 訓民正音 (Correct Sounds for the Instruction of the People, 1446), and the Yongbi ŏch’ŏn ka 龍飛御天歌 (Songs of Flying Dragons, 1447). By examining their compilation and printing history, I point out that the appearance of punctuation signs in such early Choson texts was closely related to the intense cultural activity and linguistic researches fostered by King Sejong (r. 1418-1450) and revolving around the scholars of the Hall of Worthies (Chiphyŏnjŏn 集賢殿). Furthermore, the paper discusses the influence that specific Chinese texts as the Xingli daquan 性理大全 (Kr. Sŏngni taejŏn, “Great Compendium on Human Nature andPrinciple”), the Palace Treasury (neifu 內府) editions of Ming China and the Gujin yunhui juyao 古今韻會擧要 (Kr. Kogŭm unhoe kŏyo, “Abridged Collection of rhymes of the Ancient and Modern”) exerted on the adoption of this practice of punctuation in Korea. Finally, I conduct a more detailed linguistic analysis of the use of punctuation signs in the Hunmin chŏngŭm and the Yongbi ŏch’ŏn ka, highlighting their different syntactic, rhetorical, and rhythmical functions. By doing this, I stress
their specific significance in the Korean context, arguing that their use was not a mere duplicate of the Chinese practice, nor can be understood through a comparison with the modern practice of punctuation, but that it was closely connected to the process of vernacular reading of hanmun (classical Chinese) texts and, in the specific case of the Yongbi ŏch’ŏn ka, to the performance of its vernacular verses
Il coreano per italiani. Vol. 1: Corso base. Livello A1 del quadro comune europeo di riferimento per le lingue
No full textIl coreano per gli italiani è un corso in tre volumi che sviluppa in modo mirato ed efficace le competenze comunicative (linguistiche, sociolinguistiche e pragmatiche) dei primi 4 livelli dell'esame TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korean), corrispondenti ai livelli A1-B2 del Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento per le Lingue. Il volume 1, di livello elementare (livello 1 del TOPIK e A1 del QCER), si articola in un'unità introduttiva alla lingua coreana e al suo sistema di scrittura e in 10 unità dedicate a temi specifici. Ogni unità si apre con due dialoghi e una narrazione incentrati su situazioni e contesti concreti; seguono una rubrica lessicale e la spiegazione delle regole grammaticali. Tutte le unità sono accompagnate da diverse tipologie di esercizi (lettura, lessico, grammatica, ascolto, conversazione, scrittura e traduzione) per consolidare gradualmente le capacità comunicative. A fine testo sono proposti ulteriori esercizi specifici per la preparazione all'esame TOPIK I e un glossario del lessico incontrato nel manuale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Intracavity feedback optical trapping
No full textSeveral research groups have integrated feedback control with optical trapping to improve performance, e.g., for force or position control. Among the different proposed approaches, using the feedback when trapping inside a laser
cavity stands out for several reasons, namely, trapping can occur at lower optical intensities, reducing photodamage, and with low numerical aperture lenses, simplifying setup design. This is possible because the trapped particle position alters the cavity losses, triggering an intrinsic feedback on the trapped particle. Here, we analyze the behaviour of intracavity optical trapping with a single beam and with counter-propagating beams. The single-beam configuration features a well-known nonlinear feedback effect, because the beam power changes as the square of the particle displacement from trapping position. Instead, the counter-propagating-beam configuration feedback effect acts on both beams and can not be described by the same model
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Writing and reading practices in fifteenth-century Chosŏn Korea: focusing on King Sejong’s reign (1418-1450) and the invention of the Korean vernacular script (Hunmin Chŏngŭm 訓民正音)
Full text linkFifteenth-century Chosŏn Korea was characterised by a complex and interconnected system of writing practices that included literary Sinitic (hanmun 漢文), vernacular transcription systems, foreign languages, and, since the middle of the century, a new vernacular script. This new script was invented and promulgated during the reign of Sejong 世宗 (1418-1450) with the name of Hunmin Chŏngŭm 訓民正音 (the correct sounds for the instruction of the people). Its invention allowed for the first time to transcribe the Korean language with ease and precision, opening new possibilities for larger sectors of the society to express themselves through writing and for written texts to reach a larger part of the population. Existing scholarship, however, does not seem to have devoted much attention to how, at a practical level, this was made possible. What seems to be often implied is that illiterate people could finally write with the vernacular script and read texts written with it. The present study, however, suggests that this vision of the vernacular script as aimed to increase the level of literacy among the Korean population does not offer a complete understanding of the significance of its invention. Instead, it urges to place the invention of the vernacular script in the broader context of the writing and reading practices of the time, often characterized by oral and social uses of the written texts. Thus, it considers how early Chosŏn texts were also intended to be read aloud and, in some cases, memorized so that they could be mediated for an audience of listeners in specific contexts. The production of the early vernacular texts compiled during the reign of Sejong is thus analysed by considering the social dynamics at play during their reading and how their textual and linguistic features were linked to their use. By doing this, it is argued that the vernacular script did not simply make possible an increase of literacy but unlocked new possibilities for the vocalization and mediation of texts
Il coreano per italiani. Corso intermedio. Livello A2 del quadro comune europeo di riferimento per le lingue. Vol. 2
No full textIl coreano per gli italiani è un corso in tre volumi che sviluppa in modo mirato ed efficace le competenze comunicative (linguistiche, sociolinguistiche e pragmatiche) dei primi 4 livelli dell'esame TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korean), corrispondenti ai livelli A1-B2 del Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento per le Lingue. Il volume 2, di livello intermedio (livello 2 del TOPIK e A2 del QCER), si articola in 12 unità dedicate a temi specifici e incentrate su diversi compiti comunicativi. Ogni unità si apre con due dialoghi e una narrazione incentrati su situazioni e contesti concreti: in questo secondo volume i dialoghi e la narrazione presentano solo il testo in coreano, lasciando allo studente il compito di tradurli; seguono una rubrica lessicale e la spiegazione delle nuove regole grammaticali. Tutte le unità sono accompagnate da diversi esercizi (lettura, lessico, grammatica, ascolto, conversazione, scrittura e traduzione) per consolidare gradualmente le abilità comunicative. A fine testo sono proposti ulteriori esercizi di ripasso e specifici per la preparazione all'esame TOPIK e un glossario del lessico incontrato nel manuale
Influence of rotational force fields on the determination of the work done on a driven Brownian particle
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