6,212 research outputs found
Sequence alignment of RecA family proteins from ( RadA), (RadA), (Rad51), (Rad51 and Dmc1), (Dmc1 and ScRad51) and (RecA)
No full text<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Crystal structure of the left-handed archaeal RadA helical filament: identification of a functional motif for controlling quaternary structures and enzymatic functions of RecA family proteins"</p><p></p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2007;35(6):1787-1801.</p><p>Published online 28 Feb 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874592.</p><p>© 2007 The Author(s)</p> All these RecA-like strand exchange proteins have similar N-terminal domains. The C-terminal RecA domains have been removed for clarity. Secondary structural features of the left-handed RadA helical filament are indicated in cyan (α helices) and red (β strands). Functional motifs are indicated under their corresponding amino acid sequences: the putative dsDNA binding HhH motif, the putative ssDNA binding L1 and L2 loops, the ATP binding Walker A and B motifs, the polymerization motif (PM), the subunit rotation motif (SRM), and others. Positions of the R–E–E triad are indicated using blue arrows
Special waste valorization and renewable energy generation under a circular economy: Which priorities?
No full textThe European Union regulation for emissions from waste incinerators had a significant evolution in the last 20 years. That allowed reaching a clear improvement in the environmental performances of the plants, synchronized with specific requests of compliance of the more and more stringent limits set at regulatory level. Today the main questions for the sector in Europe seem mostly related to the role of waste to energy plants in a scenario of circular economy and to the role of those plants in the generation of energy only in part renewable. It seems that the topic of the local environmental and health impact has become out to date in European Union. In spite of that, a big question remains on the suitability of the present regulation for the future of the sector, including co-incineration by the use of Secondary Recovered Fuel from waste as substitute of coal in cement works. The present article analyzes an aspect that should be a priority higher than the concept of circular economy and energy generation. Indeed, a question remains on the criticalities that could be present in the European Union for under-estimation of the role of heavy metals, in spite of the evolution of the regulation. If we look at the experience of the University of Trento (where the Author worked in various research projects since 2003) the last decade has been characterized by recurrent warnings from that University about the excessive simplification of the regulation in case of heavy metals. As an example, in case of waste incineration, a set of heavy metals are managed by summing their concentrations to be compared as sum to the regulation limit: no valorization of the specific knowledge on toxicity is made. In order to point out the consequences of this simplification, a few case-studies demonstrating a potential criticality on the role of CrVIare discussed. A control methodology integrating the present one is discussed in this article, to propose a solution suitable to avoid under-estimations of human exposure to heavy metals from incineration and co-incineration. This approach is particularly important when special waste is combusted as the composition of the input can present heavy metals concentrations higher than municipal solid waste
Seoda cavernicola Wagner & Rada 2020, sp. nov.
No full textSeoda cavernicola sp. nov. (Figs 1–9) Etymology. The name refers to the species’ preference for caves (caverna Latin). Diagnosis. Seoda cavernicola sp. nov. is distinguished from congeners by the pale body, the eye bridge of only 2–3 irregularly ordered facet rows, scape short, pedicel globular, and 1 st flagellomere elongate, ventral surface of the subepandrial plate with 2 large setose excrescences; genitalia with robust outgrowths of gonocoxites, distiphallus lobes bowed out. Material. Holotype, 1♂, Croatia, Seget Gornji, Jama I. u. Gospinu Gaju, 17 February 2019; paratypes, 2♂, collected at the type locality with the holotype; (one paratype with wings destroyed). Further material (all paratypes): 2♂, 3♀, Croatia, Zelovo, Jama na Vranjinoj Glavici, 19 May 2019; 2♂, Croatia, Radošić, Baračeva jama, 31 March 2019; 1♂, Croatia, Zelovo, Elezova jama 19 May 2019; all leg. T. Rada. Holotype and 1 paratype (slide mounted) and remaining material in ethanol deposited in the Natural History Museum & Zoo, Split, Croatia. 1 paratype from Seget Gornji, and 1 paratype from Radošić (slide mounted) in the collection of the senior author. Description. Male: Specimens pale, whitish. Eyes reniform, eyebridge reduced with only 2 or 3 irregular facet rows, interocular suture wide U-shaped, distance between the eyes 2 to 2.5 facet diameter (figs 1–3). Antennae (fig. 4) of all specimens incomplete; scape pipe-shaped 2x longer than wide, pedicel globular 0.5x as long as the pedicel. First flagellomere almost symmetric elongate widest at middle, subsequent flagellomeres asymmetric bottle-shaped with basal bulb and long neck. Ascoids probably lost, 2 circular holes at about middle of segments may indicate the presence of ascoids. Antennal flagellum broken, length of remaining antennal articles: 40-26-73-64-58-62-; absolute length: 0.105-0.0685-0.1921-0.1684-0.1526-0.1631- mm. Basal palpus segment (fig. 5) slightly longer than the scape. Four palpus segments, terminal segment flexible; relative length: 30-58-55-95; absolute length: 0.08-0.15- 0.14-0.25 mm. Wing (fig. 6) pale translucent, length 2.30 mm, width 0.74 mm; length/width 3.11. Sc short terminates in wing; radial fork distal of medial fork, at level of Cu tip; no crossveins r 4 -r 5 or r-m. Thorax without specific features. Abdomen with 8 segments and inverted genitalia; hypandrium equally thin, in the middle with slighter sclerotization, with fine setae in that area. Gonocoxite tubular, about 2x longer than wide, gonostylus bent dorsal about as long as the gonocoxite, basally wider. From the basal inner edges of the gonocoxites outgrowths (gonocoxal apodemes/parameres?) arise that are half as long as the gonocoxites and enclose the dorsal lobes of the basiphallus and the basal part of the distiphallus sclerites. The dorsal parameral bridge consists of two median prolongations of the gonocoxites, converging in the middle forming a fissure or keel. Basiphallus dorsoventrally flattened, bilobed from the middle on. On dorsal side of the bifurcation thin lobes arise directed dorsally converging towards the fissure where they are jointed to the dorsal parameral bridge. The ventral lobes of the basiphallus sclerite are apically jointed to claw-shaped laterally bent distiphallus sclerites. At the positions of the joints between basiphallus and distiphallus lobes the aedeagus is jointed to (enclosed by) the large outgrowth of the gonocoxites. Epandrium basally wider with two sharp corners, lateral and hind edges almost straight; basally with 2 small foramina. On the ventral surface of the epandrium is a pair of large setose excrescences, a well-defined subepandrial plate is not discernable. Epandrial processes almost straight in the distal part on inner side with few stronger setae in line, distally with 8 apically serrate retinacula. The hypoproct is large, rhomboid, apically setose; epiproct small setose triangular. Remarks: Small size compared with species of the genera mentioned below and pale appearance of the type specimens are interpreted as adaptation to life in caves. The species shares large apodemes of the gonocoxites and a bilobed basiphallus sclerite with Jungiella Vaillant, Vaillantodes Wagner, Seoda Enderlein, and Panimerus Eaton; size and shape of the distiphallus sclerites are similar to Seoda. The mode of connection of the dorsal parameral bridge and the aedeagus is unique. Usually this is by a separated Y- or U-shaped sclerite, the furca, that appears as an individual sclerite jointed with the basiphallus sclerite and dorsally coadunate in the middle with the parameral bridge. The presence of large outgrowth of the gonocoxites is similar to Jungiella Vaillant. In contrast to Jungiella, Vaillantodes, Seoda, and Panimerus which possess a separate furca the dorsal lobes in S. cavernicola sp. nov. arise from the basiphallus sclerite, they are not separated from or jointed to it. However, the task in the mode of operation is the same as for the other species: to support the back and forth movement of the aedeagus and its components. Another striking feature is the pair of setose outgrowth on the ventral surface of the epandrium; a subepandrial plate is not recognizable; however, the setose outgrowths are in the position of the subepandrial plate and therefore are interpreted as part of this. They are positioned exactly dorsal of the outgrowth of the gonocoxites.Published as part of Wagner, Rüdiger & Rada, Tonći, 2020, Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) living in the dark of caves in the Dinaric Karst, pp. 275-282 in Zootaxa 4845 (2) on pages 276-277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4845.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/440661
Psychoda glamocensis Wagner & Rada 2020, sp. nov.
No full textPsychoda glamocensis sp. nov. (Figs 10–26) Etymology. Named after Glamoč, a town and municipality located in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Diagnosis. Psychoda glamocensis sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by the reduced eyebridge, gonostyli with a very long seta in the basal third and the subtriangular aedeagus with the axe-shaped sclerite. Type material. Holotype 1♂, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Golubnjača kod Skucana, Skucani, Glamoč (43˚58’31.9’’N/016˚54’43.6’’E, 1.005 m a.s.l.). July 2018; paratypes, 8♂, 1♀ same as holotype; 8♂, 2♀, (paratypes), Croatia, Golubinka pod Kraljevcom, Radošić (43˚35’45.2’’ N/ 016˚20’32’’E, 233 m asl.) 15 February 2019; 49♂, 32♀, (paratypes), Croatia, Radošić, Golubinka pod Kraljevkom Pit, 8 October 2018. Further material. 36♂, 5♀, Croatia, Ercegovici, Rušića jama, 6 April 2019; 49♂, 8♀, Croatia Trilj, Bakuša 5 June 2019; 1♂ Croatia, Voštane, Golubinka u Ljutu, 24 February 2019; 42♂, 2♀, Croatia, Labin Dalmatinski, Velika Zečica Donji, 13 March 2019; 5♂, 2♀, Croatia, Zelovo, Elezova jama, 19 May 2019; 12♂, 5♀, Croatia, Unešić, Dželalijina Golubinka, 10 March 2019; all leg. T. Rada; 1♂ Austria, Lower Austria, Lunz am See, emergence trap at Schreierbach, 12 October 1972 leg. Malicky; 1 st report from Austria (in collection RW). Holotype and paratypes and the mentioned further material are deposited in the Natural History Museum & Zoo, Split, Croatia. Three paratypes (2♂, 1♀) remain in the collection of the senior author. Description. Male: Eyes reniform, eyebridge with 2 or 3 rows of irregularly arranged facets, interocular suture wide U-shaped, distance between the eyes 2–2.5 facet diameter (figs 10–12). Antenna (fig. 14–15) with scape, pedicel and 13 flagellomeres; scape short, wider than long, pedicel spherical, flagellomeres bottle-shaped, with remarkably long necks, flagellomeres 1–10 with a pair of Y-shaped ascoids about as long as a flagellomere, apical flagellomeres 11–13 reduced in size, 12 and 13 with a subapical lobe and a short stiff bristle. Relative length of scape, pedicel and flagellomeres: 49-28-88-83-82-81-77-76-72-66-69-57-25-15-12; absolute length: 0.13-0.07- 0.23-0.22-0.22-0.21-0.20-0.20-0.19-0.17-0.18-0.15-0.07-0.04- 0.03 mm. Four palpus segments, terminal segment flexible; relative length: 49-49-46-55; absolute length: 0.13-0.13- 0.12-0.14 mm. Mouth parts with 4 acute apical teeth (fig. 16). Wing length 3.1 mm, width 1.1 mm. C basally with 2 swellings; Sc short, a setose area, terminates in wing. R 1 terminates in the distal half of the wing; division of Rs with fork R 2 / R 3+4 at level of Sc tip. R 5 terminates short behind wing tip; radial and medial fork complete; medial fork basal of radial fork. CuA basally broader; in the basal part of the wing all veins are broken, here is fold that enables specimens to hold the wing in roof shape at rest. Cross veins not detected. Thorax without specific features. Abdomen with 8 segments, genitalia (figs 22–26) inverted; hypandrium broad, slightly broader in the midst. Gonocoxites short tubular about 1.5 times longer than wide, probably without setae. Dorsal parameral bridge (fig. 25) of gonocoxites thin in the middle, laterally widened; ventral bridge of parameres are blade shaped sclerites with sharp bent tips that do not meet in the middle. Gonostyli elongate triangular. almost straight; behind the basal swelling with a remarkably long and strong seta, about as long as the gonostylus. Epandrium (fig. 23) with 1 median foramen; edges roundish. basal edge deeply curved, apical edge almost straight. Subepandial plate increasingly wide apically with a broad median connection to the proctiger and to lateral plates connecting with the bases of the basally swollen epandrial appendages. Proctiger not clearly discernable; the epandrial processes clearly longer than the epandrium, strongly bent, apically with a sharp tip beside the basis of the retinaculum. Aedeagus consists of an asymmetric bilobed basal sclerite, lobes apically curved inwards; the distal sclerite is shorter than the basal sclerite, asymmetric, tomahawk shaped. Female: in most respects similar to male but poorly preserved. Differences are minor in the antenna and wing venation. Eye bridge fig. 13, mouth parts fig. 17 and 18. Relative length of antennal articles: 34-24-57-51-53-48-52-48-42-; absolute length: 0,09-0,06-0,15-0,13-0,14- 0,13-0,14-0,13-0,11- mm, apical segments missing. Four palpus segments, terminal segment flexible; relative length: 30-28-28-34; absolute length: 0.08-0.07- 0.07-0.09 mm. Mouth parts with 4 acute apical teeth. Wing length approximately 2.20 mm. Genitalia (figs. 20, 21) with a bilobed subgenital plate with an elongate tubular structure, laterally accompanied by a pair of sclerites that appear to be superficially similar to the parameral complex of the male. Basally is a complicatedly folded sclerite of probably specific shape. DNA Barcoding. The availability of a DNA barcode permits comparison with other Psychoda species. The two sequences (ZFMK-TIS-2617210 consensus sequence (reversed), ZFMK-TIS-2617212 consensus sequence (reversed)) indicate the closest relation with specimens of Psychoda alticola Vaillant 1973, from the Norwegian Finnmark (Kvifte & Andersen 2012). Sequences from Alpine specimens are presently not available. Remarks. The most striking feature of both new species is the reduction of the eyes probably due to life in caves The number of facets and facet rows varies extremely and differs even between specimens. In Psychoda s. lat. species the eye bridge usually consists of 4 parallel regular rows but in Ps. glamocensis sp. nov. the number of facet rows is reduced to mostly 2, with irregular arranged facets. Eyes are widely separate in both sexes so that the shape of the eyebridge varies between individuals. All specimens were collected deep in the caves, at Golubnjača kod Skucana at a depth of 30 m at permanent darkness, and at Golubinka pod Kraljevcom 25m deep at semidarkness. The malformation of palpus segments in several specimens is probably due to in-breeding in small populations in different caves. Number of teeth on mouthparts is as well variable and differs between specimens. This indicates that populations live for a long time in the caves. Long term low temperatures and enduring darkness are probable preconditions to develop morphological changes of the eyes and palpus segments. The antenna appears longer compared with the head diameter and the long seta on the gonostyli are further indications that antennae and setae may play major roles as tactile instruments to detect and locate conspecifics or avoid predators. The sex ratio in collections from all localities is unusual for Psychoda species; light trap collections often contain exclusively females. However, in Golubnjača kod Skucana cave 90%, in the Golubinka pod Kraljevcom cave 80%, and in Golubinka pod Kraljevkom cave 60% males were collected. The first two caves give shelter to wild pigeon (Columba livia Gmelin); probably the larvae of Psychoda glamocensis sp. nov. feed on their feces and remains; bats that are usually further inhabitants of caves may provide further organic material. The additional male from Austria was found as undetermined but close to P. alticola in the collection of the senior author; identification was finally easy based on the reduced eye bridge and male genitalia. The locality Schreierbach is a permanent cold stream (probably a very large rheocrene) with constant water temperature of about 8°C all year round. Here P. glamocensis was collected together with specimens that are doubtless P. alticola; both species seem to prefer cold conditions that occur in the Alps at higher elevation, but as well in cold springs, and caves at lower altitudes.Published as part of Wagner, Rüdiger & Rada, Tonći, 2020, Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) living in the dark of caves in the Dinaric Karst, pp. 275-282 in Zootaxa 4845 (2) on pages 278-281, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4845.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/440661
UPRAVLJANJE REZULTATIMA RADA KAO DEO ODGOVORNOSTI PRAVOSUĐA
No full textIn this paper, author provides overview of the importance of monitoring judicial performance, as well as development of approach that judicial independence includes accountability of the judicial system for achieved results. Monitoring and evaluation of judicial performance from the aspects of efficiency, quality and access to justice is relatively new trend that is gradually developed and enhanced, as a request of society and citizens for rational budget execution. Author analysed different models of judicial performance measurement that are developed at the national level (United States of America and the Netherlands), as well as within regional organizations such as Council of Europe (European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice) and European Union (EU Justice Scoreboard). Separate chapters are devoted to Rule of Law Index and judicial functional review methodology. Author presented positive experience of Serbian justice system and introduction of rewards program for achieved performance results.Autor u radu nastoji da predstavi značaj praćenja rezultata rada pravosuđa, kao i razvoj shvatanja da nezavisnost pravosuđa podrazumeva i odgovornost pravosudnog sistema za ostvarene rezultate. Praćenje rezultata rada pravosuđa sa aspekta efkasnosti, kvaliteta i pristupa pravdi je relativno noviji trend, koji se postepeno razvijao i unapređivao, kao posledica zahteva društva i građana da država racionalnije troši budžetska sredstva. Analizirani su različiti modeli praćenja rezultata rada pravosuđa koji su nastajali i razvijali se na nacionalnom nivou (Sjedinjene Američke Države i Holandija), kao i u okviru regionalnih organizacija kao što su Saveta Evrope (Komisija za efkasnost pravosuđa) i Evropska unija (Izveštaj o stanju pravosuđa). Posebno su predstavljeni Indeks vladavine prava, kao i metodologija funkcionalne analize pravosuđa. U radu je ukazano na pozitivno iskustvo koje je srpsko pravosuđe ostvarilo uvođenjem sistema nagrade za ostvarene rezultate rada
Mogućnosti socijalnog rada u organiziranju zajednice
No full textThis article presents development of social work in organizing community and it's characteristics. Beside most important factors responsible for development of this method in USA and developmental stages of its theoretical background, author analyzes some of the most important elements of social work in organizing community. As one method of social work, together with casework and group social work, community work, as a kind of macropractise have an opportunity to respond to the requests of the community in crises in a best way.U članku se prikazuje razvoj socijalnog rada u organiziranju zajednice te glavna obilježja ove tzv treće metode socijalnog rada. Uz prikaz glavnih čimbenika zaslužnih za razvoj ove metode na prostoru Sjedinjenih Američkih Država te razvojnih faza njezinog teorijskog formuliranja, autor analizira neke od najvažnijih elemenata socijalnog rada u organiziranju zajednice. Kao jedna od metoda socijalnog rada, pored rada s pojedincem i socijalnog grupnog rada, organizacija zajednice kao svojevrsna makropraksa u prilici je da na najbolji način odgovori zahtjevima društva u uvjetima krize
Critical analysis of the integration of residual municipal solid waste incineration and selective collection in two Italian tourist areas
No full textMunicipal solid waste management is not only a contemporary problem, but also an issue at world level. In detail, the tourist areas are more difficult to be managed. The dynamics of municipal solid waste production in tourist areas is affected by the addition of a significant amount of population equivalent during a few months. Consequences are seen in terms of the amount of municipal solid waste to be managed, but also on the quality of selective collection. In this article two case studies are analyzed in order to point out some strategies useful for a correct management of this problem, also taking into account the interactions with the sector of waste-to-energy. The case studies concern a tourist area in the north of Italy and another area in the south. Peak production is clearly visible during the year. Selective collection variations demonstrate that the tourists' behavior is not adequate to get the same results as with the resident population. © The Author(s) 2014
The functioning of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (1996–2011). Selected aspects
No full textIn the first part of the article, the author deals with the question of the functions of the Ukrainian Parliament, which include constitutional, legislative, budgetary and financial, controlling and creative functions. Then, there are attempts to clarify the meaning of these functions. The author pays particular attention to the importance of the legislative functions of the Verkhovna Rada [Supreme Council]. The next part deals with the issues concerning the structure of the Parliament, including specific responsibilities of various bodies and their functioning. Next, the author refers to the mode of Parliament’s operating, sessions, as well as meetings of committees and commissions. He pays special attention to the fact that the competences of the standing committees of the Ukrainian Parliament cover the entirety of public life in this country. The parliamentary factions are also important for the functioning of the Verkhovna Rada. Further, the author examines the status of Members of Parliament, including the issues of formal and substantive immunity. Next, the subject of the consideration includes the duties and powers arising under the mandate of a people’s deputy. Another topic touches upon the incompatibility of a deputy’s mandate with execution of other public functions. The article is concluded with general remarks which imply that the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada relies on the parliamentary rules used elsewhere. However, what distinguishes the Verkhovna Rada is its unicameralism and corruption problems connected with the functioning of a young democracy
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