1,721,114 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Could polymorphisms in ATP-binding cassette C3/multidrug resistance associated protein 3 (ABCC3/MRP3) modify colorectal cancer risk
No full textMultidrug resistance associated protein 3 (ABCC3/MRP3) mediates the efflux of bile salts and several conjugated organic anions out of cells and could be involved in protecting tissues from xenobiotic accumulation and resulting toxicity. In this report, we investigated the hypothesis that a functional missense variant, namely the Arg1297His, and a polymorphism in the promoter region, namely the -211 C > T of the ABCC3 gene, could be associated with colorectal cancer risk. We did not find any significant association between the two ABCC3 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer ris
CHAPTER 37: Micronucleus Assay for Assessing Chromosomal Damage in Medical Workers Exposed to Anaesthetic Gases
No full textPatients undergoing serious medical interventions receive medication for general anaesthesia (characterized by amnesia, analgesia, muscle paralysis, and sedation), resulting in their controlled, reversible state of unconsciousness. Anesthetized patients may therefore tolerate surgical procedures that would otherwise inflict unbearable pain, which would further complicate surgery.1 Anaesthesiologists, as essential members of operation teams may be occupationally exposed to substantial concentrations of volatile anaesthetics. Their mutagenic and carcinogenic effects have been suggested,2-7 as they pose a potential genotoxic burden and health problems for a considerable number of individuals in various branches of medicine, as well as for patients. Consequently, a conclusive assessment of chromosomal damage among medical personnel is of particular importance, as pinpointed in a recent review.1 The present chapter reviews the frequencies of micronuclei (MN), assayed using cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), among humans exposed to anaesthetic gases, mainly in operating rooms. The aim is to provide evidence as to whether or not MN in PBL cells may serve as a reliable indicator of the in vivo genotoxicity of anaesthetic gases and loss of chromosomal integrity among subjects occupationally exposed to anaesthetics. The secondary aim is to overview, more comprehensively, tentative mechanisms underlying the genotoxicity of anaesthetic gases. Insights on the genotoxic effects of anaesthetics are provided by in vitro and in vivo studies
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
DNA and chromosomal damage in medical workers exposed to anaesthetic gases assessed by the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. A critical review
No full textThe lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay has been applied in hundreds of in vivo biomonitoring studies of humans exposed either environmentally or occupationally to genotoxic chemicals. However, there is an emerging need to re-evaluate the use of MN and other biomarkers within the lymphocyte CBMN cytome assay as quantitative indicators of exposure to main classes of chemical genotoxins. The main aim of the present report is to systematically review published studies investigating the use of the lymphocyte CBMN assay to determine DNA damage in subjects exposed to anaesthetic gases. We also compared performance of the CBMN assay with other DNA damage assays employed and identified strengths and weaknesses of the published studies. We have retrieved 11 studies, published between 1996 and 2013, reporting MN associated with occupational exposures (operating room personnel). The individual job categories were often described (anaesthesiologists, technicians, radiologists) among cases, as well as duration of exposure. All studies reported the compounds present at the workplace and, in some instances, the exposure levels were measured. Controls were usually recruited among personnel at the hospital not exposed to anaesthetics or they were healthy unexposed subjects from general population. The number of investigated subjects, due to the character of the occupation, was relatively smaller than those investigated in other occupational monitoring settings. Overall, the majority of the studies were age- and gender- matched (or investigated only males or females) while less attention was given to lifestyle confounders. Appropriate measurement of exposure, available in approximately half of the studies only, was compromised by the lack of the personal dosimetry-based determinations. In all studies, higher MN frequencies were observed in exposed individuals. The meta-analysis of mean MN frequency of combined studies confirmed this tendency (log mean ratio = 0.56 [0.34-0.77]; P = 3.51 × 10−7). Similar differences between the exposed and controls were also observed for other biomarkers
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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