1,720,959 research outputs found
Sabine Frühstück, Gender and Sexuality in Modern Japan
No full textWomen’s history was established in Japan with the politically motivated search for matriarchal structures in ancient society by feminist Takamure Itsue in the 1930s and led to a gendered reading of history in the 1980s and 1990s, when historians such as Wakita Haruko explored the pre-modern organisation of the household. In the past two decades, the field has been expanded considerably, not least by Sabine Frühstück herself
Opiates and the ‘Therapeutic Revolution’ in Japan
No full textThis article argues that the widespread use of opiate-compounded medicines in late-nineteenth-century Japan was partly a result of Meiji period (1868–1912) public health policies. An overview of the status of opiates in Japan from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries is intended to explain possible reasons: pharmaceutical reforms in the 1870s and 1880s were based on Edo-period (1603–1868) protostructures of regulated drug manufacture; in contrast, the Meiji government failed to introduce Western clinical practice within a short span of time. As a result opiates, marketed as Western ‘modern’ medicines, were smoothly integrated into pre-existing beliefs, according to which drugs and diets maintained bodily healt
The destruction and rediscovery of Edo Castle: ‘picturesque ruins’, ‘war ruins’
No full textCastles were an important symbol of the Tokugawa state order, signifying the realm of daimyo as well as the privileges conferred by the Tokugawa shoguns. Edo Castle was the largest, representing the supremacy of the Tokugawa house as the head of the warrior elite of Japan. After 1868, the progress of the Meiji Emperor into the castle amounted to a ‘metaphor of action’ that introduced a new political era. The remnants of the old castle walls, however, retained an ambivalent meaning by circumscribing the imperial residence as well as being an emblem of the former stronghold of the shoguns. This article explores photographs of the ruins of Edo Castle and the shifting interpretations pertaining to these pictures as reminders of Japan’s ‘feudal’ era between the time of their making in the early 1870s and their republication in the late 1920s
Geoffrey Hunt, Tamar M. J. Antin, and Vibeke Asmussen Frank,eds. Routledge Handbook of Intoxicants and Intoxication.Abingdon, Oxon, and New York: Routledge, 2023
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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