1,721,351 research outputs found
Sustainable product and market development for subsistence marketplaces: Creating educational initiatives in radically different contexts
No full textDeveloping products and business processes to serve subsistence marketplaces (or the roughly 4 billion poor around the world referred to as the bottom of the pyramid) is a significant challenge for businesses. Despite the importance of subsistence marketplaces, most product development educational curricula have been focused on relatively resource-rich and literate consumers and markets. We teach an innovative year-long product development course which includes an international immersion experience and which covers a broad spectrum of learning from understanding poverty, to consumer behavior, to product development and engineering design specifically for subsistence consumers. This unique course represents a pioneering effort to focus attention and create knowledge about product development, marketing, management, and engineering practices for subsistence marketplaces. Our two-semester course sequence for graduate-level students in a variety of business and engineering disciplines and industrial design combines in-class pedagogy with experiential learning and results in useful and marketable product concepts and prototypes. Working on projects with multinational companies or startups, students identify an opportunity of general need, conduct field market research to better understand subsistence consumer needs and contexts through an international immersion experience, develop a product concept, convert the concept to a workable prototype, and develop a manufacturing plan, marketing strategy, and overall business plan for the product. Overlaying the content found in a typical new product development lab course we develop a contextual understanding of subsistence marketplaces, setting the stage for new product development. A central aspect of the learning experience is travel to subsistence markets for actual immersion in the context and to conduct market research. Our course is at the confluence of two of the most important issues facing humanity, subsistence and sustainability. Lessons learned here can also be extended to other radically different contexts, such as future scenarios involving severe energy shortages or climate change consequences. Such educational initiatives provide challenging learning experiences in preparing students for the unique demands of the 21st century. © 2011 Product Development and Management Association.APPLE LE, 1988, J PROD INNOVAT MANAG, V5, P70, DOI 10.1111-1540-5885.510070; ASHBY M, 2003, MATER TODAY, V6, P24, DOI 10.1016-S1369-7021(03)01223-9; Cardozo RN, 2002, J PROD INNOVAT MANAG, V19, P4, DOI 10.1016-S0737-6782(01)00116-3; CHICK A, 1997, J SUSTAINABLE PRODUC, V1, P53; Donaldson KM, 2006, RES ENG DES, V17, P135, DOI 10.1007-s00163-006-0017-3; Ehrenreich B., 2002, NICKEL DIMED; Eppinger S.D., 2002, DESIGN MANAGEMENT J, V13, P58; GESCHKA H, 1986, J PROD INNOVAT MANAG, V3, P48, DOI 10.1016-0737-6782(86)90043-3; GREEN M, 2006, P ASME DES ENG TECHN; HAMMOND A. L., 2007, INNOVATIONS, V2, P147, DOI [10.1162-itgg.2007.2.1-2.147, DOI 10.1162-ITGG.2007.2.1-2.147]; HANNUKAINEN P, 2006, P ASME DES ENG TECHN; Hargadon A, 2000, HARVARD BUS REV, V78, P157; HAUSER JR, 1988, HARVARD BUS REV, V66, P63; HERSTATT C, 1992, J PROD INNOVAT MANAG, V9, P213, DOI 10.1016-0737-6782(92)90031-7; HORAN J, 2004, ONE PAGE BUSINESS PL; Murcott S., 2007, J INT DEV, V19, P123, DOI 10.1002-jid.1353; Prahalad CK, 2002, HARVARD BUS REV, V80, P48; PRAHALAD CK, 2005, FORT BOTT PYR ER POV; PUGH P, 1991, TOTAL DESIGN INTEGRA; Rodriguez J, 2006, INTERACT COMPUT, V18, P956, DOI 10.1016-j.intcom.2006.05.007; Sahlman WA, 1997, HARVARD BUS REV, V75, P98; Schumacher Ernest F., 1973, SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL E; *SME, 2003, PLAST INJ MOLD; *SME, 2004, FUND MAN PROC SAMPL; Sridharan S, 2008, J CONSUM MARK, V25, P455, DOI 10.1108-07363760810915671; Stone R. B., 2000, Design Studies, V21, DOI 10.1016-S0142-694X(99)00003-4; TAGUCHI J, 1990, HARVARD BUS REV, V68, P65; Tybout JR, 2000, J ECON LIT, V38, P11, DOI 10.1257-jel.38.1.11; Ulrich K., 2007, PRODUCT DESIGN DEV; Viswanathan M, 2005, J MARKETING, V69, P15, DOI 10.1509-jmkg.69.1.15.55507; Viswanathan M., 2009, IVEY BUSINESS J MAR; Viswanathan M, 2009, J MACROMARKETING, V29, P406, DOI 10.1177-0276146709345620; Viswanathan M, 2008, EDUC ASIA PAC REG-IS, V12, P1, DOI 10.1007-978-1-4020-5769-4; Viswanathan M., 2007, PRODUCT MARKET DEV S, P1; Viswanathan M., 2007, PRODUCT MARKET DEV S, P212
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Java-MaC: A run-time assurance approach for Java programs
No full textWe describe Java-MaC, a prototype implementation of the Monitoring and Checking (MaC) architecture for Java programs. The MaC architecture provides assurance that the target program is running correctly with respect to a formal requirements specification by monitoring and checking the execution of the target program at run-time. MaC bridges the gap between formal verification, which ensures the correctness of a design rather than an implementation, and testing, which does not provide formal guarantees about the correctness of the system. Use of formal requirement specifications in run-time monitoring and checking is the salient aspect of the MaC architecture. MaC is a lightweight formal method solution which works as a viable complement to the current heavyweight formal methods. In addition, analysis processes of the architecture including instrumentation of the target program, monitoring, and checking are performed fully automatically without human direction, which increases the accuracy of the analysis. Another important feature of the architecture is the clear separation between monitoring implementation-dependent low-level behaviors and checking high-level behaviors, which allows the reuse of a high-level requirement specification even when the target program implementation changes. Furthermore, this separation makes the architecture modular and allows the flexibility of incorporating third party tools into the architecture. The paper presents an overview of the MaC architecture and a prototype implementation Java-MaC.This research was supported in part by NSF CCR-9988409, NSF CCR-0086147, NSF CCR-0209024, ARO
DAAD19-01-1-0473, and ONR N00014-97-1-0505
Characterization of melatonin receptors and signal transduction system in rat arteries forming the circle of Willis
No full textThe aims of this study were to characterize the melatonin receptors in rat brain arteries forming the circle of Willis. Saturation studies performed using in vitro autoradiography and [I-125]iodomelatonin revealed the presence of two binding sites: one with a K-d of 13 pM, and the second characterized by a K-d of 832 pM. Coincubation with a nonhydrolyzable guanine nucleotide analog [guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)l inhibited 2-[I-125]iodomelatonin binding in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas adenine nucleotide adenosine-5'-O(3-thiotriphosphate) was ineffective. In saturation studies performed in the presence of guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), the high affinity site was no longer detectable, and the affinity of the receptor was decreased to the high picomolar range.
Melatonin, at nanomolar concentrations, was able to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP production in rat circle of Willis arteries. Preincubation with pertussis toxin counteracted the effect of melatonin. Our results demonstrate that melatonin receptors in rat cerebral arteries are linked to their second messenger through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein, similar to what has been described for melatonin receptors in different areas of vertebrate brain
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