18 research outputs found
Corporate Social Responsibility Management in tourism business: The impact of TUI Group and Intrepid Group on low- and middle-income countries
No full textTourism can be an enormous opportunity for low- and middle- income countries with limited alternatives for development. However, it also bears several risks for the economy, environment and culture of a country. Therefore, the necessity for sustainable tourism development in low- and middle- income countries becomes inevitable to guarantee positive social impact for all stakeholders.
Instead of focusing on governmental measures for more sustainable tourism, this thesis addresses Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). In doing so, the author compares two major international tour operators, TUI Group and Intrepid Group, their CSR approach and execution, assessing the implementation and lastly the effectiveness.
While the Intrepid Group built its business idea around CSR, TUI Group took increasingly more efforts in creating more sustainable tourism products over the past few years. Both corporations are taking a pioneering role in the sector by taking various steps to mitigate the negative social impact. Nevertheless, there still is a lot of potential for improvements
Practical Guide: Genomic Techniques and How to Apply Them to Marine Questions
No full textMittard-Runte V, Bekel T, Blom J, et al. Practical Guide: Genomic Techniques and How to Apply Them to Marine Questions. In: Cock JM, Tessmar-Raible K, Boyen C, Viard F, eds. Introduction to Marine Genomics (Advances in Marine Genomics). Vol 1. Netherlands: Springer Netherlands; 2010: 315-396.Marine biology has always played an important role in biological research, being at the origin of many key advances. To a certain extent, the influence of marine biology on the biological sciences was overshadowed over a period of several years by the remarkable advances that were made using powerful model organisms from terrestrial environments. This situation is now changing again, however, due primarily to spectacular developments in genomic methodologies that have significantly accelerated research in a broad spectrum of marine biology disciplines ranging from biodiversity to developmental biology to biotechnology. The data generated by marine genomics projects have had an impact on questions as diverse as understanding planetary geochemical cycles, the impact of climate change on marine fauna and flora, the functioning of marine ecosystems, the discovery of new organisms and novel biomolecules, and investigation of the evolution of animal developmental complexity. This book represents the first attempt to document how genomic technologies are revolutionising these diverse domains of marine biology. Each chapter of this book looks at how these technologies are being employed in a specific domain of marine research and provides a summary of the major results obtained to date. The book as a whole provides an overview of marine genomics as a discipline and represents an ideal starting point for exploring this rapidly developing domain
EMMA 2-A MAGE-compliant system for the collaborative analysis and integration of microarray data
No full textDondrup M, Albaum S, Griebel T, et al. EMMA 2-A MAGE-compliant system for the collaborative analysis and integration of microarray data. BMC Bioinformatics. 2009;10(1): 50.Background: Understanding transcriptional regulation by genome-wide microarray studies can contribute to unravel complex relationships between genes. Attempts to standardize the annotation of microarray data include the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) recommendations, the MAGE-ML format for data interchange, and the use of controlled vocabularies or ontologies. The existing software systems for microarray data analysis implement the mentioned standards only partially and are often hard to use and extend. Integration of genomic annotation data and other sources of external knowledge using open standards is therefore a key requirement for future integrated analysis systems. Results: The EMMA 2 software has been designed to resolve shortcomings with respect to full MAGE-ML and ontology support and makes use of modern data integration techniques. We present a software system that features comprehensive data analysis functions for spotted arrays, and for the most common synthesized oligo arrays such as Agilent, Affymetrix and NimbleGen. The system is based on the full MAGE object model. Analysis functionality is based on R and Bioconductor packages and can make use of a compute cluster for distributed services. Conclusion: Our model-driven approach for automatically implementing a full MAGE object model provides high flexibility and compatibility. Data integration via SOAP-based web-services is advantageous in a distributed client-server environment as the collaborative analysis of microarray data is gaining more and more relevance in international research consortia. The adequacy of the EMMA 2 software design and implementation has been proven by its application in many distributed functional genomics projects. Its scalability makes the current architecture suited for extensions towards future transcriptomics methods based on high-throughput sequencing approaches which have much higher computational requirements than microarrays
Portal, Society of the Seven Sages
No full textThis is an unpublished PDF version of the author’s website, originally located
at http://myweb.dal.ca/hrunte/seven_sages.html . The author maintains an updated version at http://sevensagessociety.org and may be contacted at [email protected]
Problems of the detection of the belonging of the legal persons in the transboundary transactions
No full textDotā diplomdarbā autors, aprakstot juridisko personu piederības noteikšanas problēmas pārrobežu darījumos uzstāda darba mērķi - izpētīt juridisko personu piederības noteikšanas principus dažādās valstīs un salīdzīnāt tos, konstatējot šo principu pozitīvos un negatīvos aspektus. Darba mērķi autors sasniedz gan ņemot par pētīšanas pamatu gan jau esošās juridisko personu noteikšanas doktrīnas, gan normatīvo regulējumu, kas balstīts uz kādu no doktrinālajām pieejām, gan citus kritērijus, kuri var liecināt par juridiskās personas piederību pie kādas valsts, kā arī mēģinot rast risinājumus negatīvajām tendencēm.
Darba gaitā autors noteic trīs galvenās problēmas: 1)konkrētā juridisko personu piederības noteikšanas kritērija izmantošana praksē ir ne vienmēr efektīvā; 2)praksē kritēriji nevar tikt izmantoti viens atsevišķi no cita; 3) gadījumos, kad starp kritērijiem rodas konflikts, ne vienmēr ir iespējams noteikt, kura kritērija izmantošanai ir priekšrocība konkrētajā situācijā.
Kā arī darba gaitā autors dod risinājumus šādām problēmām: 1) konkrēta kritērija izmantošana atkarībā no situācijas un mērķa; 2) nepieciešamība paredzēt normatīvajos aktos to kāds kritērijs tiks izmantots gadījumā, ja sākotnēji izmantots kritērijs nevar tikt izmantots efektīvi vai vispār,; 3) vienošanās starp valstīm un citiem pārrobežu darījumu dalībniekiem par to, kādas tiesības tiks piemērotas kritēriju savstarpējo konfliktu gadījumos.In the degree thesis named above, author while describing problems in the detection of belonging of the legal persons in the transboundary transactions, sets up a thesis goal – to explore the principles of the detection of belonging of the legal persons in the different countries and to compare those principles, with determination of those principles’ positive and negative aspects. Author achieves the thesis goal with taking as the research basics first of all, already existing doctrines of the detection of belonging of the legal persons, secondly – normative regulation based on one of the doctrinal approaches, thirdly – other criterions which allow determining the belonging of the concrete legal person to a particular country and finally - detection of belonging of the legal persons problems’ solutions which author gives during the course of his degree thesis.
During the course of the thesis author names three main problems: 1) using of the concrete criterion in practice is not always effective enough; 2) in practice criterions cannot be used separately one from another; 3) in case there is a conflict between the criterions, it is not always possible to find out which one has the advantage.
Also during the course of the thesis author gives the solutions to the mentioned problems: 1) it would be helpful if the criterions are used in dependence of the particular goal and the particularity of the concrete situation; 2) it would be helpful if the normative acts would contain the foresight on what criterion can be used if the criterion used originally cannot be used effectively or cannot be used at all; 3) it would be helpful if the international treaties and contracts between the different countries and other participants of such treaties and contracts would contain the foresight on what criterion should be used in case in case there is a conflict between the criterions
Application problems of exequatur procedure in recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements
No full textMaģistra darba tēma ir „Ekzekvatūras procedūras pielietojuma problemātika ārvalstu tiesas nolēmumu atzīšanā un izpildīšanā”. Darba autore ir Ingrīda Greivule.
Darba mērķis ir izpētīt pastāvošos starpposmu procesus pirms nolēmuma atzīšanas un izpildes Eiropas Savienībā (ekzekvatūras procedūras piemērošanas nosacījumus), noteikto pušu tiesību pārsūdzēt lēmumu par izpildāmības deklarācijas pieteikumu efektivitāti, tiesības izmantot pagaidu un aizsardzības pasākumus izpildes deklarācijas pārsūdzības laikā, izpētīt Eiropas izpildes rīkojuma institūtu, kā arī identificēt problēmas ekzekvatūras procedūras pielietojuma procesā un sniegt priekšlikumus to iespējamajiem risinājumiem.
Darba mērķa sasniegšanai tiek izvirzīti šādi uzdevumi:
1.apskatīt pastāvošo starpposma procesu nolēmuma atzīšanai un izpildei;
2.apskatīt normatīvo regulējumu, kas paredz pusēm iespēju pārsūdzēt lēmumu par izpildāmības deklarācijas pieteikumu;
3.apskatīt pusēm piešķirtās tiesības piemērojot pagaidu un aizsardzības pasākumus izpildāmības deklarācijas pārsūdzības laikā;
4.veikt Eiropas Savienības dalībvalstīs pastāvošo nolēmumu atzīšanas un izpildes noteikumu analīzi;
5.apskatīt Eiropas izpildes rīkojuma institūtu;
6.pamatot nepieciešamību pilnveidot normatīvo bāzi un norādīt iespējamos virzienus tās attīstībai.
Darbs sastāv no trim nodaļām un kopsavilkuma, tā nobeigumā. Pirmajā darba nodaļā tiek apskatīts ekzekvatūras procedūras ārvalsts tiesu nolēmumu atzīšanā un izpildīšanā izcelsme un attīstība. Otrajā nodaļā, tiek apskatīts normatīvais regulējumus, kas paredz pusēm iespēju pārsūdzēt lēmumu par izpildāmības deklarācijas pieteikumu. Trešajā darba nodaļā tiek apskatīta iespēja veikt ārvalsts tiesas nolēmumu atzīšanu un izpildīšanu neizmantojot ekzekvatūras procedūru.
Rakstot darbu, izmantota Latvijas Republikas un ārzemju zinātniskā literatūra, Latvijas Republikas un ārzemju juridiskās prakses materiāli un normatīvie akti.The theme of the master’s paper is “Application problems of exequatur procedure in recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements”. The author of the paper is Ingrida Greivule.
The aims of the paper are to explore the existing intermediate processes in recognition and enforcement of the foreign judgements in European Union (conditions of exequatur procedure), the rights of parties to appeal a decision on the application for a declaration of enforceability, to investigate the European enforcement order, and identify application problems of exequatur procedure and make proposals for their possible solutions.
To achieve the aims of the paper author has broached tasks:
1.to consider the existing intermediate process in recognition and enforcement of judgements;
2.to consider the legal framework that provides rights for parties to appeal the decision on the application for a declaration of enforceability;
3.to perform comparison of existing procedures in recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements between the European Union Member States and other countries;
4.to consider the European enforcement order;
5.to justify the need to develop a legal framework for the compared countries, and indicate possible directions for its development.
The paper consists from introduction, three chapters and resume.
There is considered concept and a rise of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements in the first chapter. There is consideration of procedure of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements and consideration of the legal framework that provides rights for parties to appeal the decision on the application for a declaration of enforceability in the second chapter. In the third chapter there is consideration of possibilities to recognize and enforce foreign judgement without exequatur procedure.
In the process of development of the paper there were used scientific literature of Latvia and foreign countries as well as legislative acts of Republic of Latvia and foreign countries and Latvia’s and foreign countries court rulings
Symbiotic properties and first analyses of the genomic sequence of the fast growing model strain Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 nodulating soybean
No full text
