1,720,976 research outputs found
Storia della medicina e Medical Humanities nella prospettiva dell'etica biomedica
No full textL'articolo mette in luce il ruolo della storia della medicina nella formazione del futuro medico.Viene privilegiata la prospettiva etico-antropologica
Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue in pediatrics: what is the child's best interest?
No full textIn paediatric female patients the only option for restoring fertility after chemotherapy and radiotherapy is ovarian tissue banking. Even if this procedure is considered the most promising available, anyway it is still an experimental option due to the paucity of data. The possibility to offer an experimental preventive technique with potential benefits but with known risks arises a dilemma: what is the best interest for suffering child? Is it most important to minimize risk of the disease or to preserve the future fertility? However, if it is right to propose fertility preservation when physical and psychic risks are acceptable, we think it is not in the child's best interest to retrieve ovarian tissue from very young patients whose ovaries are small and for whom surgery is a high risk procedure. Moreover fertility preservation should not be offered if this could increase the risk of disease worsening
Il personalismo ontologicamente fondato come approccio per le analisi etiche nei processi di HTA
No full textIl modello del personalismo ontologicamente fondato è incluso da EUnetHTA nella lista degli approcci locali per le valutazioni etiche nei processi di HTA (EUnetHTA, 2007). Esso affronta i dilemmi morali riguardanti l’introduzione e l’impiego delle tecnologie in ambito sanitario da una prospettiva, che riconosce l’essere e la dignità della persona come valori assoluti, ponendo, di conseguenza, come primum principium il rispetto incondizionato della loro inviolabilità e la tutela della loro libera espressione, in primis sul versante dei diritti umani. In esso, le varie analisi sono condotte secondo uno schema (triangolare) con tre punti di raccordo (esposizione del fatto biomedico, approfondimento del significato antropologico-valoriale ed elaborazione etico-normativa) e il confronto con l’etica personalista, alcuni principi della morale tradizionale e le riflessioni derivanti dalla filosofia della medicina.
La comunicazione intende esplicitare i contenuti di questo modello, nella sua applicazione ai processi di HTA
Congenital rubella syndrome: seeking damages to be born. Ethical, medical and public health consideration
No full textA case of congenital rubella syndrome has been the reason to seek damages but a Civil Court of Rome sentenced against this and in
favor of sued doctors. We discussed the high level of social attention and the feeling present in our western culture behind the
request for damages. Legal considerations above the Italian abortion Law is provided to understand the framework of the court
decision. Ethical, medical, and public health issues are commented and compared with the Perruche’s case
Health Technology Assessment (HTA): ethical aspects
No full text“HTA is a multidisciplinary process that summarizes information about the medical, social, economic and ethical issues related to the use of a health technology in a systematic, transparent, unbiased, robust manner. Its aim is to inform the formulation of safe, effective, health policies that are patient focused, and seek to achieve best value” (EUnetHTA 2007).
Even though the assessment of ethical aspects of a health technology is listed as one of the objectives of a HTA process, in practice, the integration of these dimensions into reports remains limited.
The article is focused on four points: 1. the HTA concept; 2. the difficult HTA-ethics relationship; 3. the ethical issues in HTA; 4. the methods for integrating ethical analysis into HTA
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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