1,721,129 research outputs found
Vind i bebyggd miljö
No full textMålet med detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka kunskapsnivån angående vind i bebyggd miljö hos verksamma inom stadsplanering, arkitekter och inom berörda utbildningar samt tillgängligheten på hjälpmedel och information.
Vinden påverkas starkt av landskapets utseende. Skog, hav, stad och kuperad terräng har alla olika vindförutsättningar. Inom urban miljö bestäms vindförhållandena av bebyggelseutformningen och byggnadernas omgivning.
Historiskt har vindplanering varit en naturlig del av planerandet, inte minst då det gäller jordbruk. Under årens lopp har människor tagit lärdom av tidigare erfarenheter vilket har lett oss fram till dagens kunskapsläge med en rad olika tumregler och hjälpmedel, varav det senaste består i numeriska datorbaserade analysverktyg så som Computational Fluid Dynamics.
En god och komfortabel utemiljö utgår ifrån hur vi människor upplever den. Vinden kan göra att det känns upptill 10°C kallare jämfört med då det är vindstilla. I vårt nordliga klimat kan en god vindplanering förlänga utesäsongen avsevärt. Genom att vara medveten om fördelarna och utnyttja dem, samt undvika nackdelarna kan komforten förbättras ansenligt i ett område och även uppnå en social förbättring samt mindre energianvändning för huuppvärmning.
Slutsatsen visar att vindplanering är något som ofta glöms bort i praktiken och i utbildningarna, även om tillgängligheten på information är relativt god. För att få ett större hänsynstagande till vind i planeringen krävs en tydlig ansvarsfördelning, uppställda komfortkriterier med kopplade enkla åtgärden samt en allmän attitydförändring.The objective of this essay has been to examine the level of knowledge concerning wind comfort at pedestrian level in an urban environment among architects, planners and related educations and also to assess the availability of information and technical aids.
The wind is strongly affected by the typography and the roughness of the terrain. Woodlands, oceans, cities and mountainous landscape all have different wind conditions. In an urban environment these conditions are set by the building design and the surroundings.
Historically, wind planning has been a natural factor in the planning process, especially in an agricultural context. Experience has, from trial and error over the years, led us to what we know today and given us a series of tools and directives, of which the latest are numerical computer based analytical aids, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics.
A comfortable pedestrian environment is based on human experience. Wind can cause us to perceive a temperature that is up to 10°C colder compared to calm conditions. In northern climates such as our own, a well planned outer surrounding can extend the summer season considerably. By being aware of the pros and cons of air movement the quality of the wind environment can improve noticeably in a residential area and even create better social conditions and decrease the energy use for heating.
The conclusion shows that wind planning is often neglected in practice as well as in education, even though the availability of information is relatively good. In order to achieve a greater consideration to wind in the planning process, clear responsibilities are required along with comfort criteria with simple measures of improvement and a general change in attitude
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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