1,720,963 research outputs found
Effects of compost and defatted oilseed meals as sustainable organic fertilisers on cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) production in the Mediterranean basin
Full text linkCardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is considered as one of the most suitable energy crops for Southern Europe. The aim of this work was to outline the effects of organic fertilisers on the productivity and the global warming potential (GWP) on cardoon production. Six fertilisers (N 100 kg ha −1 , N 50 kg ha −1 , Compost 30 t ha −1 , Compost 15 t ha −1 + N 25 kg ha −1 , 3 t ha −1 of defatted oilseed meals of sunflower, 3 t ha −1 of defatted oilseed meals of Brassica carinata), and unfertilised control, were evaluated on two cultivars (‘Gobbo di Nizza’ and ‘Altilis 41’) in a split-plot experiment. Defatted oilseed meal of sunflower recorded higher total dry weight (+10%), seed yield (+17%), nitrogen use efficiency (+14%) and better GWP (−66%) compared to the other organic fertilisers and performing as well as N 100 kg ha −1 . Altilis 41 cultivar showed the highest aboveground total dry weight (10 t ha −1 y −1 ), seed yield (1.7 t ha −1 y −1 ), stalk dry weight (7 t ha −1 y −1 ) and head dry weight (3 t ha −1 y −1 ). Our results highlighted that by combining suitable cultivar and fertilisation strategies, it could be possible to increase the production sustainability of C. cardunculus
Impiego di reflui caseari per la produzione di tea-compost per il controllo di alcuni funghi fitopatogeni
No full textCompost teas are extracts of fermented composted materials used for their ability to control plant diseases. A compost extractor in liquid phase, with a forced air-blowing system, assembled using farmer facilities, was used to produce “on farm” aerated compost teas (ACTs) from five types of compost, in a 14-day fermentation cycle. Solid feedstocks, representing one biowaste compost and four composted tomato or tomato plus escarole residues, were separately extracted in water (waACTs) and whey (whACTs). The ten teas were tested for their ability to inhibit, in vitro, growth of several soil-borne (Fusarium solani, Verticillium dahliae, F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia minor and Sclerotium rolfsii) and air-borne (Alternaria radicina, A. dauci and Colletrichum lindemuthianum) fungal pathogens. All ACTs significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. dauci (46-58%), A. radicina (27-66%), F. solani (24-36%) and C. lindemuthianum (31-52%). The other pathogens were affected weakly. The main separation using principal component analysis of inhibition levels of the pathogens could be related to their telluric or aerial nature. Future prospective consists in testing the best ACTs as potential alternatives to the use of synthetic chemical fungicides for disease control in the field
Enhancing sustainability of tomato, pepper and melon nursery production systems by using compost tea spray applications
No full textCompost teas (CTs) are liquid organic formulates obtained by prolonged extraction, with or without aeration, of a quality compost into an aqueous medium. They can significantly improve plant growth and development likely through nutritive and/or biostimulant mechanisms. In nursery production chain of tomato, pepper and melon, the use of seven CTs was evaluated in order to substitute, totally or partially, chemical treatments with propamocarb-hydrochloride (47.3%) and fosetyl-Al (27.7%), a fungicide for the pathogenic oomycetes control. In general, CTs increased plant growth parameters, as suggested by measurements of root length (+9.1% and +8.1%, on average, on tomato and pepper, respectively), stem diameter (+12% on average, on tomato), number of leaves (+2.6% on average, on melon), and fresh biomass (+8.2% on average, on melon) in comparison with the chemical control. CT from artichoke and fennel composted residues have had the major impact on nursery performances of tomato, pepper and melon. After the first treatment of the polystyrene trays with the fungicide at sowing, our results indicated that CT may replace it in the following seedling production cycle, securing vegetative characteristics of nursery plants similar to the chemical control, that may incite fast starting of transplants in the field stage
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Valutazione di compost prodotto on farm da residui colturali di pomodoro nell’ammendamento di pomodoro
No full textImpiego di reflui caseari per la produzione di tea-compost per il controllo di alcuni funghi fitopatogeni
No full textCompost teas are extracts of fermented composted materials used for their ability to control plant diseases. A compost extractor in liquid phase, with a forced air-blowing system, assembled using farmer facilities, was used to produce “on farm” aerated compost teas (ACTs) from five types of compost, in a 14-day fermentation cycle. Solid feedstocks, representing one biowaste compost and four composted tomato or tomato plus escarole residues, were separately extracted in water (waACTs) and whey (whACTs). The ten teas were tested for their ability to inhibit, in vitro, growth of several soil-borne (Fusarium solani, Verticillium dahliae, F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia minor and Sclerotium rolfsii) and air-borne (Alternaria radicina, A. dauci and Colletrichum lindemuthianum) fungal pathogens. All ACTs significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. dauci (46-58%), A. radicina (27-66%), F. solani (24-36%) and C. lindemuthianum (31-52%). The other pathogens were affected weakly. The main separation using principal component analysis of inhibition levels of the pathogens could be related to their telluric or aerial nature. Future prospective consists in testing the best ACTs as potential alternatives to the use of synthetic chemical fungicides for disease control in the field
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Screening of plant-derived antifungal substances useful for the control of seed-borne pathogens
No full textThe effect of plant essential oils, Solanum chilense and Aster sedifolius raw saponins, plant-derived colourants and Brassica carinata glucosinolate-containing tissues, for the control of seedborne fungi Alternaria dauci, Alternaria radicina, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Aschochyta rabiei, was evaluated. In vitro assays indicated that oregano essential oil, bark chestnut-derived colourant and B.carinata meals, showed a large spectrum of activity against all pathogens. S. chilense raw saponins were effective against A.dauci and A.radicina, while those from A.sedifolius also inhibited significantly C.lindemuthianum Screening showed the antifungal potential of natural compounds
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