7,792 research outputs found
Sb2Se3 thin-film solar cells via low-temperature thermal evaporation technique.
Get PDFThere has been a lot of anomalies in the climate in recent years. The situation is getting worse with every passing day, this alarming situation is the talk of the town amongst the world’s scientific community. There has been a consistent search for cleaner and sustainable source of energy which can replace the conventional fossil fuel. To this date renewable energy such as solar, wind, ocean, hydrothermal are in application. Among these, solar photovoltaic (PV) is the most effective and widely used one due to its abundant availability and zero contribution to pollution. In order to harness this energy conventional wafer based solar cells were used which have high cost of production and a longer by back time. Second generation thin film based solar cells are the talk of the time as they can be produced with less consumption of material and energy and hence are economical. Three materials are currently in the market; they are amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). Amongst them, CIGS has shown the highest efficiency of above 20% in laboratory scale, while CdTe has the highest market share. A drawback with CIGS and CdTe technologies is the use of scarce and expensive elements indium and tellurium. It is therefore clear that these are issues which are of concern for long-term availability of CdTe and CIGS. It is in this context; investigations have been initiated all over the world for an alternative, abundant and non-toxic absorber material. Antimony chalcogenide (Sb2Se3, Sb2S, Sb2(S,Se)3) are promising absorber materials for thin film photovoltaic cells due to their high absorption coefficient (>104cm-1) and optimum direct band gap (~1.2eV). Sb2Se3 has excellent optoelectronic properties with low processing temperature these are key factors responsible for the growing interest within the PV community. The best performing cells have reached above 10% till date. This thesis entitled “Sb2Se3 thin film solar via low thermal evaporation technique” is a detailed study of the fabrication of Sb2Se3 absorber films by low temperature thermal evaporation technique. Films have been as deposited, vacuum annealed as well selenized and studied in detail in this thesis. The studies included in the thesis are divided into eight chapters
Antimony Selenide Based Solar Cells by Vacuum Evaporation
No full textIn the presented work, Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) thin films with varying thickness (1000, 700 and 500 nm) were prepared by low temperature thermal evaporation method. Solar cells were fabricated in the superstrate configuration of Glass/ITO/ZnO/CdS/Sb2Se3/Cu/Au. Cu addition after the deposition of Sb2Se3, was introduced to improve the back contact and the device performance. Material characterization and the electrical characterization reveal that the preferred orientation [hk1] of the Sb2Se3 is due to the vacuum annealing at 300 0C which leads to a better device performance; while Cu addition leads to a significant increase in the Voc and the fill factor (FF). The champion solar cell showed a conversion efficiency of 3.2 % with a Voc of 332 mV and FF of 43.3%
Manifold Conceptions of the Internal Auditing of Risk Culture in the Financial Sector
Get PDFThis exploratory study investigates the manifold conceptions of the internal auditing (IA) of risk culture prevalent among four influential actors of the financial sector—regulators, normalizers, consultants, and implementers. By inductive analysis of 20 interviews and 295 documents, we illustrate a two-step interpretive scheme utilized by the four actors in their IA approaches of risk culture: defining broad goals and designing visibility schemes. The visibility schemes were tied to the demarcation, measurement, as well as the IA data collection techniques of risk culture. Our results indicate two dichotomous interpretations among the four actors concerning the IA of risk culture. The first interpretation, prevalent among regulators and implementers, promotes the control of risk culture primarily through verification. The second interpretation, adopted by consultants and normalizers, promotes the control of risk culture by IA along with the empowerment of employees through training programs. Our results not only contribute to understanding IA expansions, specifically to non-tangible domains such as risk culture but also enrich the literature exploring the mechanisms different stakeholders utilize to shape weakly professionalized IA practices
sj-docx-1-gut-10.1177_26345161231202957 – Supplemental material for Healthcare Utilization, Costs and Other Outcomes of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) Versus Heller Myotomy in the Inpatient Management of Achalasia in The United States: A 2016 to 2020 Nationwide Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-gut-10.1177_26345161231202957 for Healthcare Utilization, Costs and Other Outcomes of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) Versus Heller Myotomy in the Inpatient Management of Achalasia in The United States: A 2016 to 2020 Nationwide Study by Yassine Kilani, Mohammad Aldiabat, Maryam Mubashir, Saqr Alsakarneh, Ammar Arif Vohra, Yazan Aljabiri, Falak Hamo, Fnu Vikash, Vikash Kumar and Salih Samo in Foregut</p
Raman Spectroscopy and In Situ XRD Probing of the Thermal Decomposition of Sb2Se3 Thin Films
No full textTowards Interactive Question Answering: An Ontology-Based Approach
No full textThe ability to provide both rich and natural answers with respect to a given question, and clear explanations for failures, is a crucial aspect for a future generation of Question Answering systems able to interact with a user. We argue that such abilities are necessarily based on a deep analysis of the content of both the question and the answer, and propose an ontology-based approach to represent the structure of a question-answer pair in the context of utterance. The approach is domain and language-independent and can be considered a general framework for both Open Domain Question Answering and Natural Language Interfaces to Databases. We provide definitions for an Interactive Question Answer (IQA) ontology which capture significant aspects of interaction, and suggest how dialogue templates based on the IQA ontology can model natural and rich dialogues with a user
Supplementary_data_TUB – Supplemental material for Sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) a promising therapeutic target of ovarian carcinoma
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_data_TUB for Sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) a promising therapeutic target of ovarian carcinoma by Nirmala Jagadish, Rukhsar Fatima, Aditi Sharma, Sonika Devi, Vitusha Suri, Vikash Kumar and Anil Suri in Tumor Biology</p
Figure_S1_Supplementary_tub – Supplemental material for Sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) a promising therapeutic target of ovarian carcinoma
No full textSupplemental material, Figure_S1_Supplementary_tub for Sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) a promising therapeutic target of ovarian carcinoma by Nirmala Jagadish, Rukhsar Fatima, Aditi Sharma, Sonika Devi, Vitusha Suri, Vikash Kumar and Anil Suri in Tumor Biology</p
Sustainability trade-offs in the circular economy: a maturity-based framework
Get PDFThe theoretical and practical understanding of sustainability implementation has been changing in depth and scope. In particular, circular economy paradigms (e.g., Cradle to Cradle or “C2C” practices) have enabled firms to rethink their resource management behavior, resulting in distinct trade-off patterns among different sustainability dimensions. Furthermore, while many established firms remain reactive and market-oriented in their sustainability implementations, sustainability-rooted firms proactively integrate sustainability practices into their core business. The prior literature on sustainability trade-offs has unduly focused more on established firms that predominantly indulge in market-oriented decisions and trade-offs between profit and sustainability, lacking insights into the approaches adopted by sustainability-rooted firms and trade-offs among the different dimensions of sustainability. We performed a mixed-methods study to address this gap and illustrated the rationale and dynamics of trade-offs among five sustainability dimensions (i.e., material health, material reutilization, renewable energy, water stewardship, and social fairness). We primarily focused on firms in the United States and the European Union since they are the leading areas in terms of circular economy adoption. We explained the pattern of sustainability trade-offs and associated them with a three-stage maturity framework, namely, low-hanging fruits, exploratory, and resource and time intensive. We contributed to the theory by depicting the influence of resource allocation and sustainability maturity level on trade-offs among the five dimensions of sustainability. Practitioners can leverage our framework to better understand their sustainability transformation and make more informed decisions for attaining higher levels of sustainability with more impact.Business Strategy and the Environmen
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