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European Union and Global Democracy
No full textIn order to deepen our understanding of the subject matter of the
EU and global democracy in a more analytic way, the book is structured in two parts, which deal respectively with the two main dimensions of the unique EU experiment of democracy beyond state borders.
In the first part, the internal aspect of EU regional democracy
approach is examined in the papers by Lukšič and Bahor, Vercauteren, Arató and Balazs. The papers in this part deal with several important issues. One of them is the question of participatory democracy as it enters the European institutional and constitutional debate, as well as how it can or cannot contribute to bridge the democratic gap between
rulers and ruled. A very interesting debate was raised around the issue of governance versus government as it appears in the context of crisis and transformation of nation state. This part of the book includes the analysis of the role of civil society in scope of the process of strengthening the democracy in the EU, but also incentive understanding of the EU as a practical and political project of the Kantian philosophical concept of perpetual peace.
In the second part of the volume, the external aspect of EU global
democracy approach is examined in the papers by Lane, Marchetti, Milardović, and Vujić. Primarily, analysis raised the question of global governance and discussed the importance of ongoing regionalization and development of new patterns of coordination between states. This part also brings the debate about ways in which EU may appear as a model for global democracy, particularly by analysing European foreign policy. Review of understandings of cosmopolitan model of Europeanization and its future scenarios is complemented with critical analysis of global democracies
Dicopper(I) oxalate complexes stabilized by Lewis bases: Potential precursors for copper deposition
No full textThe synthesis, characterization, and thermal behavior of the dicopper(l) oxalate complexes L2Cu2O4C2 (L = Me(3)SiCdropCSiMe(3) (1), Me(3)SicdropC(n)Bu (2), EtCdropCEt (3), H2C(H)(SiMe2Bu)-Bu-t(4), H2C=C(H)SiEt2Me (5), norbornene (6)) is reported. All complexes can be prepared in a straightforward manner by the reaction of stoichiometric amounts Of Cu2O and oxalic acid with 2 equiv of the respective alkyne or alkene. The complexes are stable at room temperature, and in solid form they can be handled in air for some time. Their thermal behavior was studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The order of thermal stability was found to be 1 > 6 > 4 > 2 approximate to 3 > 5. Decomposition starts between 50 and 100degreesC and is completed between 300 and 350degreesC. All compounds fully decompose via an efficient internal redox process to give elemental copper, CO2, and the free alkyne or alkene ligands, which makes these new complexes promising precursors for copper deposition (in the case of 4, it is likely that H2C=C(H)SiMe2H and isobutene is formed via-hydrogen elimination from H2C=C(H)(SiMe2Bu)-Bu-t). Distinct two- or three-step decomposition sequences for the individual complexes are revealed by the TGA analyses and are discussed. The single-crystal X-ray structures of I and 3 are reported, which are the first for copper(I)/oxalato compounds. Both complexes exhibit the anticipated planar dinuclear structure with the oxalate in a mu-1,2,3,4 bridging mode and the alkynes or alkenes as capping ligands
Synthesis and structural characterization of an exclusively N-based tetrameric aluminum(I) compound
No full textThe synthesis and X-ray structure of the first exclusively N-based tetrameric complex [RAl](4) (1; R = 2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3)N(SiMe3)) are reported. 1 was prepared by the reduction of [RAlI2](2) (2) with Na/K alloy
Synthesis and structure of the heterobimetallic Yb(II) complex of composition L2Yb2LiI3 supported with the beta-diketiminato ligand [L = Et2NCH2CH2NC(Me)CHC(Me)NCH2CH2NEt2]
No full textThe heterobimetallic Yb(II) mixed ligand complex L2Yb2LiI3 1 has been prepared by the reaction of the lithium salt of the ligand L with the ytterbium diiodide. Compound I is characterized by single crystal X-ray structural analysis, multinuclear NMR and mass spectrometry. Complex 1 consists of LYbI and LLi units connected with the central Yb(l) atom. The latter is surrounded by the LYbI and LLi moieties in a sandwich like structure including two bridging iodine atoms. The NCCCN unsaturated system of the ligand in each of the units is almost planar and pi coordinated to the Yb(l) atom. These two planar units are tilted to each other and the pendant arms of the beta-diketiminato ligand in each moiety are bent. The metal atoms are located out of the NCCCN plane of the ligands and the three metal atoms in complex 1 form almost a straight line. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Syntheses and structures of molybdenum(IV) complexes with 3,5-dimethyl- and 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolato ligands. Variable coordination modes and C-H bond activation
No full textTreatment of tetrakis(dimethylamido)molybdenum(IV) (Mo(NMe2)(4)) with 4 equiv of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (Me(2)pzH) in pentane yields Mo(Me(2)pzH)(Me(2)pz)(3)(eta(2)-CH2NHCH3) (1), whereby the reaction with 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazole (t-Bu(2)pzH) leads to Mo(t-Bu(2)pz)(3)(NMe2) (2), independent of the molar ratio. The homoleptic Mo(t-Bu(2)pz)(4) (3) was synthesized from tetrachlorobis(tetrahydrofurano)molybdenum(IV) (MoCl4(thf)(2)) with 4 equiv of 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolatopotassium. (t-Bu(2)pzK). Magnetic measurements show the three complexes to be paramagnetic with two impaired electrons (1, 3.0; 2, 2.8; and 3, 2.8 mu(B), respectively). The molecular structures of all compounds determined by X-ray diffraction analysis are reported. Complex 1 reveals a eta(2)-coordinate CH2NHCH3 ligand arranged in an azametallacyclic fashion, verified by a small Mo-C-N angle and a typical C-N single bond length. The bonding mode of the pyrazolato ligands in all three compounds 1, 2, and 3 is influenced by the steric bulk around the metal center leading to eta(1)-, "slipped" eta(2)-, and eta(2)-coordinate ligands
A novel potassium-centered highly symmetrically polynuclear zirconium complex: K[{(Cp Zr)(3)(mu(3)-N)(mu(3)-NH)(mu(3)-NH2)(3)}(4)(NH2)(5)(NH3)(7)]
No full textTreatment of [Cp ZrCl3] (1: Cp = C5Me5) with KH in liquid ammonia and toluene at -78 degreesC resulted in the complete removal of chloride and formation of the nitrogen-containing zirconium potassium complex K[{(Cp Zr)(3)(mu(3)-N)(mu(3)-NH)(mu-NH,)(3)}(4)(NH2) (NK2)(5)(NH3)(7)](6C7H8)-C-. (2). X-ray structure analysis revealed this complex contains four [(Cp Zr)(3)(mu(3)-N)(mu(3)-NH)(muNH(2))(3)(NH2)(NH3)(2)] building blocks where one of the protons is replaced by an interstitial potassium cation. Each of the four building blocks contains three Zr atoms forming a perfect equilateral triangular core, which is capped inside by a nitrido (N) and outside by an imido (NH) group. and furthermore symmetrically bridged by amido (NH2) groups. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Symmetric tetraalkynyldisilanes
No full textThe reaction of the tetrachlorodisilane R2Si2Cl4 (1) [R = CH(SiMe3)(2)] with the lithium salt R C=CLi of the parent alkyne results in the replacement of the chlorine atoms with alkynyl groups to yield the product R2Si2(C=CR )(4) [R = Ph (2), tBu (3), SiMe3 (4), n-C3H7 (5)]. Compounds 2 and 3 were characterized by X-ray structural analysis. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Superlinearly Convergent Unstructured Staggered Schemes for Compressible and Incompressible Flows
No full textThe major issue addressed in this thesis is the development of a Mach-uniform method that uses a staggered scheme on planar unstructured grids with triangular cells, that has a superlinear rate of convergence. In our staggered grid, the normal velocity components are associated with cell faces, whereas scalar variables are assigned to cell centers. In order to obtain a superlinearly convergent scheme, it is necessary to interpolate vector fields from staggered components with sufficient accuracy in a robust way. Several methods to achieve this objective are investigated. Like all higher order methods, the superlinearly convergent scheme obtained suffers from unphysical oscillations near discontinuities such as shocks. This difficulty is overcome by combining two approaches. We use an upwind-biased superlinearly convergent scheme, so that oscillations are damped in smooth parts of the flow. Furthermore, we follow the usual flux limiting approach to combat oscillations near discontinuities, extended to unstructured staggered schemes. An oscillation detecting limiter function is used to switch between the superlinearly convergent scheme and a first order scheme that generates (almost) no oscillations. For this we adapt the limiter of Barth and Jespersen.Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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