1,721,156 research outputs found
The Relationship Between Anaemia and Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
No full textThere is increasing evidence that frailty may play a role in chronic diseases, but the associations with specific chronic disorders are still unclear
Polypharmacy and health outcomes among older adults discharged from hospital: Results from the CRIME study
No full textAim: To investigate if older adults using multiple drugs have an increased risk of rehospitalization and mortality
after hospital discharge.
Methods: This was a prospective cohort study carried out in acute care hospitals. The primary outcomes of the
study were rehospitalization and mortality within 1 year after discharge from acute care hospitals. The study
population was categorized in two groups according to the number of drugs prescribed at hospital discharge: no
polypharmacy (<8 drugs) and polypharmacy (≥8 drugs).
Results: The mean age of 480 participants was 78.6 ± 6.8 years ,and half of them (n = 238; 49.6%) were using
multiple drugs (≥8 drugs). Overall, 65 out of 242 participants (26.9%) in the no polypharmacy group and 92/238
(39.1%) in the polypharmacy group were rehospitalized (P = 0.004), and 15 out of 242 (6.2%) in the no polypharmacy
and 23 out of 238 (9.7%) in the polypharmacy group died during the 1 year follow up (P = 0.16). After adjusting for
potential confounders, participants in the polypharmacy group had an increased risk of 1-year rehospitalization as
compared with those in the no polypharmacy group (RR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.18–2.75). No significant association was
observed between mortality and polypharmacy.
Conclusions: Older persons using multiple drugs are at increased risk of rehospitalization. Further studies are
required to assess the impact of programs aimed at reducing polypharmacy on health outcome
Frailty predicts short-term survival even in older adults without multimorbidity
No full textFrailty and multimorbidity are both strongly associated with poor health-related outcomes, including mortality. Being multimorbidity one of the major determinants of frailty, we aimed to explore whether, and to what extent, frailty without multimorbidity plays an independent role in shortening life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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