1,720,959 research outputs found
Assessing BME688 Sensor Performance Under Controlled Outdoor-like Environmental Conditions
Full text linkHighlights What are the main findings? BME688 sensors show consistent normalized responses across devices but require individual baseline calibration. Each gas (NO2, CO, SO2, isobutylene) has an optimum operating temperature in the 360-400 degrees C range, with fast and stable responses. Humidity enhances CO sensing via hydroxyl pathways but reduces sensitivity and stability for other gases. What is the implication of the main finding? BME688 can be deployed in outdoor/mobile air quality networks if calibration and compensation for temperature/humidity are applied. The findings support robust, low-cost IoT platforms bridging lab characterization and real-world monitoring.Highlights What are the main findings? BME688 sensors show consistent normalized responses across devices but require individual baseline calibration. Each gas (NO2, CO, SO2, isobutylene) has an optimum operating temperature in the 360-400 degrees C range, with fast and stable responses. Humidity enhances CO sensing via hydroxyl pathways but reduces sensitivity and stability for other gases. What is the implication of the main finding? BME688 can be deployed in outdoor/mobile air quality networks if calibration and compensation for temperature/humidity are applied. The findings support robust, low-cost IoT platforms bridging lab characterization and real-world monitoring.Abstract Low-cost miniaturized gas sensors are increasingly considered for outdoor air quality monitoring, yet their performance under real-world environmental conditions remains insufficiently characterized. This work evaluates the dynamic gas response of the Bosch BME688 sensor, whose metal oxide sensing layer is based on tin dioxide (SnO2) material, focusing on its sensitivity, selectivity, and dynamic response to four representative air pollutants: nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and isobutylene. This study provides both quantitative performance metrics and a physicochemical interpretation of the sensing mechanism. Controlled experiments were conducted in a custom test chamber to facilitate the precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and gas concentrations in the ppm to sub-ppm range. Despite large variability in the baseline resistance across devices, normalization yields consistent behavior, enabling cross-sensor comparability. The results show that the optimum operating temperatures fall in the range of 360-400 degrees C, where response and recovery times are reduced to a few minutes, compatible with mobile sensing requirements. Moreover, humidity strongly influences sensor behavior: it generally decreases sensitivity but improves kinetics, and in the case of CO, it enables enhanced responses through additional hydroxyl-mediated pathways. These findings confirm the feasibility of deploying BME688 sensors in distributed outdoor monitoring platforms, provided that humidity and temperature effects are properly addressed through calibration or compensation strategies. In addition, the variability observed in baseline resistance highlights the need for normalization and, consequently, individual calibration steps for each sensor under reference conditions in order to ensure cross-sensor comparability. The findings provided in this study provide support for the design of robust, low-cost air monitoring networks
Smartwatch data from non-competitive athletes during the GiroE-2024 e-bike multi-stage race
Full text linkThis article presented the data collected with 9 Garmin Fēnix® 7 - Standard Edition smartwatches during the GiroE-2024. GiroE is an annual e-bike event that runs concurrently with the Giro d'Italia, one of the most prestigious and challenging road cycling races worldwide. Participants ride along selected stages of the Giro d'Italia route, enjoying the same terrains and atmosphere on pedal-assisted bicycles.
The data was collected with an ad-hoc application installed on each smartwatch, purposely developed to log raw data from all available sensors at the maximum sampling frequency possible. The resulting dataset contains raw data from location sensor (based on global navigation satellite system GNSS), heart rate sensor (using photoplethysmography -PPG- and taking advantage from the Garmin Elevate proprietary technology), barometric altimeter, digital compass, tri-axial accelerometer, and thermometer.
The data was collected during the programme ‘Strengthening of research structures and creation of national R&D champions on certain Key Enabling Technologies’ by the ‘National Centre for Sustainable Mobility', Spoke N° 5 - ‘Light Vehicle and Active Mobility’, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research with European Union “Next Generation EU” funds.
Therefore, the dataset presented in this article provides raw data supporting research on cyclist behaviour, road conditions, and heart rate modelling. It could be useful in assessing smartwatch data integration and can provide a ground truth for clinical trials made in similar conditions, acting as a “normal” condition for further reference
Index Air Quality Monitoring for Light and Active Mobility
Full text linkLight and active mobility, as well as multimodal mobility, could significantly contribute to decarbonization. Air quality is a key parameter to monitor the environment in terms of health and leisure benefits. In a possible scenario, wearables and recharge stations could supply information about a distributed monitoring system of air quality. The availability of low-power, smart, low-cost, compact embedded systems, such as Arduino Nicla Sense ME, based on BME688 by Bosch, Reutlingen, Germany, and powered by suitable software tools, can provide the hardware to be easily integrated into wearables as well as in solar-powered EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment) for scooters and e-bikes. In this way, each e-vehicle, bike, or EVSE can contribute to a distributed monitoring network providing real-time information about micro-climate and pollution. This work experimentally investigates the capability of the BME688 environmental sensor to provide useful and detailed information about air quality. Initial experimental results from measurements in non-controlled and controlled environments show that BME688 is suited to detect the human-perceived air quality. CO2 readout can also be significant for other gas (e.g., CO), while IAQ (Index for Air Quality, from 0 to 500) is heavily affected by relative humidity, and its significance below 250 is quite low for an outdoor uncontrolled environment
Advancing Sustainable Mobility: A Data Acquisition System for Light Vehicles and Active Mobility
Full text linkActive mobility and light vehicles, such as e-bikes, are gaining increasing attention as sustainable transportation alternatives to internal combustion solutions. In this context, collecting comprehensive data on environmental conditions, vehicle performance, and user interaction is crucial for improving system efficiency and user experience. This paper presents a data acquisition system designed to collect data from multiple sensor platforms. The architecture is optimized to maintain low power consumption and operate within limited computational resources, making it suitable for real-time data acquisition on light vehicles. To achieve this, a data acquisition module was developed using a single-board computer integrated with a custom shield, which also captures data related to the assistance of an e-bike motor through a wireless interface. The paper provides an in-depth discussion of the architecture and software development, along with a detailed overview of the sensors used. A demonstrator was created to verify the system architecture idea and prove the potentialities of the system overall. The demonstrator has been qualified by professional and semi-professional riders in the framework of the Giro-E, a cyclist event which took place in May 2024, on the same roads of the Giro d'Italia. Finally, some preliminary analyses on the data acquired are provided to show the performance of the system, particularly in reconstructing the user behavior, the environmental parameters, and the type of road
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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