1,721,027 research outputs found
Collaborative Cybernetics. Computational and cognitive principles of collaboration in humans and machines.
No full textContains fulltext :
309129.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud University, 13 september 2024Promotores : Verschure, P.F.M.J., Sanfey, A.G., Coolen, A.C.C.XII, 330 p
Living Machines: An introduction
No full textBiomimetics is the development of novel technologies through the distillation of principles from the study of biological systems. Biohybrid systems are formed by at least one biological component—an already existing living system—and at least one artificial, newly engineered component. The development of either biomimetic or biohybrid systems requires a deep understanding of the operation of living systems, and the two fields are united under the theme of “living machines”—the idea that we can construct artifacts that not only mimic life but share some of the same fundamental principles. This chapter sets out the philosophy and history underlying this Living Machines approach and sets the scene for the remainder of this book
A Living Machines approach to the sciences of mind and brain
No full textHow do the sciences of mind and brain—neuroscience, psychology, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence (AI)—stand in relation to each other in the 21st century? This chapter proposes that despite our knowledge expanding at ever-accelerating rates, our understanding of the relationship between mind and brain is, in some important sense, becoming less and less. An increasing explanatory gap can only be bridged by a multi-tiered and integrated theoretical framework that recognizes the value of developing explanations at different levels, combining these into cross-level integrated theories, and directly contributing to new technologies that improve the human condition. Development of technologies that instantiate principles gleaned from the study of the mind and brain, or biomimetic technologies, is a key part of the validation process for scientific theories of mind and brain. We call this strategy for the integration of science and engineering a Living Machines approach. Following this path can lead not only to better science, and useful engineering, but also a richer view of human experience and of relationships between science, engineering, and art
Vr-roboser: Real-time Adaptive Sonification Of Virtual Environments Based On Avatar Behavior
No full textUntil recently, the sonification of Virtual Environments had often been reduced to its simplest expression. Too often soundscapes and background music are predetermined, repetitive and somewhat predictable. Yet, there is room for more complex and interesting sonification schemes that can improve the sensation of presence in a Virtual Environment. In this paper we propose a system that automatically generates original background music in real-time called VR-RoBoser. As a test case we present the application of VR-RoBoser to a dynamic avatar that explores its environment. We show that the musical events are directly and continuously generated and influenced by the behavior of the avatar in three-dimensional virtual space, generating a context dependent sonification.371374Juslin, P.N., Sloboda, J.A., (2001) Music and Emotion: Theory and Research, , Oxford University Press, OxfordNew YorkMeyer, L.B., (1961) Emotion and Meaning in Music, , University Of Chicago PressGilkey, R.H., Weisenberger, J.M., The sense of presence for the suddenly-deafened adult: Implications for virtual environments (1995) Presence, 4, pp. 357-363http://www.iasig.org/Guy, W., Design with Music in Mind: A Guide to Adaptive Audio for Game Designers, , http://www.gamasutra.orgSinger, E., Feddersen, J., Redmon, C., Bowen, B., LEMUR's musical robots Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, , Hamamatsu, JapanCamurri, A., Mazzarino, B., Volpe, G., (2003) Analysis of Expressive Gesture: The EyesWeb Expressive Gesture Processing Library.Manzolli, J., Verschure, P.F.M.J., Roboser: A real-world composition system (2005) Comput.Music J., 29, pp. 55-74Wassermann, K., Eng, K., Verschure, P.F.M.J., Live soundscape composition based on synthetic emotions (2003) IEEE Multimedia, 10, pp. 82-90Wanderley, M.M., Schnell, N., Rovan, J.B., ESCHER - Modeling and performing composed instruments in realtime IEEE Int. Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, , San Diego - CA, USARowe, R., (1992) Interactive Music Systems: Machine Listening and Composing, , MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USATorque Game Engine, , http://www.garagegames.comK. Team, K-Team Corporation. Lausanne, SwitzerlandBernardet, U., Blanchard, M., Verschure, P.F.M.J., IQR: A distributed system for real-time real-world neuronal simulation (2002) Neurocomputing, 44-46, pp. 1043-1048http://www.puredata.orgVerschure, P.F.M.J., Voegtlin, T., Douglas, R.J., Environmentally mediated synergy between perception and behaviour in mobile robots (2003) Nature, 425, pp. 620-62
A roadmap for Living Machines research
No full textThis roadmap identifies current trends in biomimetic and biohybrid systems together with their implications for future research and innovation. Important questions include the scale at which these systems are defined, the types of biological systems addressed, the kind of principles sought, the differences between biologically based and biologically inspired approaches, the role in the understanding of living systems, relevant application domains, common benchmarks, the relation to other fields, and developments on the horizon. We interviewed and collated answers from experts who have been involved a series of events organized by the Convergent Science Network. These answers were then collated into themes of research. Overall, we see a field rapidly expanding in influence and impact. As such, this report will provide information to researchers and scientific policy makers on contemporary biomimetics and its future, together with pointers to further reading on relevant topics within this handbook
The state of the art in biomimetics
No full textBiomimetics is a research field that is achieving particular prominence through an explosion of new discoveries in biology and engineering. The field concerns novel technologies developed through the transfer of function from biological systems. To analyze the impact of this field within engineering and related sciences, we compiled an extensive database of publications for study with network-based information analysis techniques. Criteria included publications by year and journal or conference, and subject areas judged by popular and common terms in titles. Our results reveal that this research area has expanded rapidly from less than 100 papers per year in the 1990s to several thousand papers per year in the first decade of this century. Moreover, this research is having impact across a variety of research themes, spanning robotics, computer science and bioengineering. In consequence, biomimetics is becoming a leading paradigm for the development of new technologies that will potentially lead to significant scientific, societal and economic impact in the near future
Bio-inspired design of an artificial muscular hydrostat unit for soft robotic systems
No full textThe octopus arms totally lack of rigid skeleton, and show unique motor and manipulation capabilities thanks to the skill of varying and controlling the stiffness. To take inspiration for the design of innovative technological actuators for soft robotic systems, we investigated the architecture of the muscle fibers in the octopus arm, and we measured their mechanical performance in vivo. The key features "extracted" from the octopus arm have been "translated" into engineering specifications, and the identified requirements have been used to design an artificial muscular hydrostat unit, obtaining an actuating component with controllable stiffness capabilities and various applications for a novel generation of soft-bodied robots
Wasp-inspired needle insertion with low net push force
Get PDFThis paper outlines the development of a four-part needle prototype inspired by the ovipositor of parasitic wasps. In the wasp ovipositor, three longitudinal segments called valves move reciprocally to gain depth in the substrate. It has been suggested that serrations located along the wasp ovipositor induce a friction difference between moving and anchoring valves that is needed for this reciprocal motion. Such an anchoring mechanism may not be desired in a medical setting, as serrations can induce tissue damage. Our aim was to investigate whether a multipart needle can penetrate tissue phantom material with near-zero net push force while using needle parts devoid of surface gripping textures or serrations. Accordingly, a four-part needle prototype was developed and tested in gelatine substrates. The performance of the prototype was assessed in terms of the degree of slipping of the needle with respect to the gelatine, with less slip implying better performance. Slip decreased with decreasing gelatine concentration and increasing offset between the needle parts. Motion through gelatine was achieved with a maximum push force of 0.035 N. This study indicates the possibility of needle propagation into a substrate with low net push force and without the need of serrations on the needle surface.Accepted Author ManuscriptMedical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technolog
Life
No full textA core tenet of the emerging field of research in living machines is that biological entities that live and act—organisms—have much in common with certain kinds of man-made entities—machines—that can display autonomous behaviour. But underlying this parallel, which is made even more persuasive by observing the life-like behaviour of many of the artifacts described in this book, are a host of critical, and still only partially answered questions. Perhaps the most fundamental of these is “what is life?” This section of the Handbook of Living Machines delves into this core question, exploring some of the most fundamental properties of living systems, such as their capacity to self-organize, to evolve, to grow, to metabolize, to self-repair, and to reproduce. This introduction provides a brief discussion about the nature of life, seen from a systems perspective, followed by summaries of each of the contributed chapters in this section
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