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Theorizing conflict opponent noncompliance from ceasefire monitoring
No full textThird-party ceasefire monitoring is a common conflict response intervention generally correlated with
ceasefire durability. However, how ceasefire monitoring’s routine practices contribute to ceasefire
compliance and noncompliance is little understood. This dissertation aims to theorize and explain how
third-party ceasefire monitoring influences, or seeks to influence, the behaviours of conflict parties in
civil wars. Challenging the conventional view that ceasefire monitoring invariably promotes peace,
this study develops a practice-orientated, mechanism-based approach to explain the effects of
monitoring. Drawing on over 100 interviews, archival research, and document analysis from four
different contexts—Kosovo, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, and Ukraine—this study examines monitors’
practices of reporting, public speech, and remote sensing. The research takes a qualitative, abductive,
and inductive approach, integrating insights from bounded rationalism, practice theory, discourse
analysis, and surveillance studies.
Identifying a range of causal mechanisms, the study shows that ceasefire monitoring can both
constrain and provoke conflict actors. These mechanisms—such as how ceasefire monitoring provides
conflict parties with new signalling options, establishes expectations of conflict parties, and enables
conflict party resistance to surveillance—recur across conflict contexts.
By nuancing understandings of how monitoring operates in practice, this study contributes to peace
and conflict studies by showing how monitoring can produce both ceasefire compliance as well as
ceasefire noncompliance. Going beyond the generally positive, sometimes idealized, understanding of
monitoring interventions, the study shows that monitoring brings with it both risks and unintended
consequences
Routine but Consequential: How Ceasefire Monitors’ Reporting Constructs Opportunities for (Non)Compliance by Conflict Opponents
No full textThird party ceasefire monitors routinely gather and report information on conflict events. Although ceasefire monitoring is a common conflict response intervention generally correlated with ceasefire durability, how its routine practices contribute to ceasefire compliance and noncompliance is little understood. This article asks how reporting, monitors’ most common practice, affects conflict opponents. Based on the experiences of more than 100 monitors, as well as archival research, I develop theory for how ceasefire monitors’ reporting constructs opportunities for conflict actors to demonstrate both compliance and noncompliance, and show evidence for this in cases from Kosovo and South Sudan. That monitoring can produce ceasefire noncompliance challenges existing understandings of monitoring as generally contributing to ceasefire durability. The implication is that even credible monitoring and accurate reporting may have inadvertent consequences on conflict trajectories
Peace through performative art, theatre and wrestling? The intersubjective co-constitution of art by 'high' and 'low' peace processes in South Sudan
No full textA Faulty Prescription? Critiquing Joint Security Units after Peace Agreements in Sudan, South Sudan, and the Central African Republic
No full textThis article critiques the prescription of joint security units called for by civil war peace agreements as a means to integrate armed forces previously in conflict. Drawing on cases from Sudan, South Sudan, and the Central African Republic, this article offers a comparative assessment of the joint security units attempted in each country. As negotiators and mediators often employ templates from other contexts, the deficits exemplified by these cases call for rethinking the practice of establishing joint units in the doctrine of military integration, as well as in the wider practice of negotiating security arrangements in peace processes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
How Surveillance Motivates New Violence: Ceasefire Monitoring, Remote Sensing Technology, and Noncompliance
No full textMonitored ceasefires are thought to be more robust ceasefires, with less noncompliance by conflict parties. Ceasefires monitored with remote sensing technology (RST) such as imaging satellites, uncrewed aerial vehicles, and other camera-equipped assets are widely seen as more effective in deterring conflict party noncompliance. Drawing on insights from surveillance studies, especially from the logics of resistance to surveillance, I argue that the opposite outcome can occur: the use and presence of RST in monitoring may also contribute to new ceasefire noncompliance in the form of new violence. Taking a primarily abductive approach, I theorize how such noncompliance may be produced, identifying four mechanisms. First, the use of RST creates a new class of lower-cost ceasefire violations. Second, the presence of third-party RST incentivizes conflict parties to test the sophistication of monitors’ surveillance. Third, the use of RST by monitors can devalue classical, low-tech monitoring methods. Fourth, the use of RST may inadvertently improve conflict parties’ military abilities. Building on insights from fifty-two interviews and written exchanges with former ceasefire monitors, I demonstrate the presence of these mechanisms in the case of the most technologically advanced ceasefire monitoring mission yet deployed, the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine, focusing on the period prior to the Russian invasion of 2022
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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