787 research outputs found
Route alignment planning for a new highway between two cities using Geoinformatics techniques
No full textAn attempt has been made to delineate and identify the alignment of a new route between two important cities of north India, Haridwar & Roorkee using Geoinformatics techniques. Geo-engineering parameters like slope, aspect, geology, land use, drainage and soil along with some techno-economical parameters have been used for this purpose. Multi-criteria weight method has been applied. Five weighting methods (AHP - Analytical Hierarchy Process, Rank Sum, Rank Reciprocal, Rank Exponent and Ratio Estimation) were applied simultaneously to eliminate biasness in weight assignment to the input parameters. The results show that AHP method is the best and ratio estimation method is the second best method for identification of optimum route alignment. Few more parameters were used for final selection of optimum route viz., minimum construction cost; minimum number of bridges and culverts on that route; maximum number of settlement within 5 km buffers on both sides of route; maximum number of tourist locations like temples, waterfalls, springs etc. within 5 km buffer zone on both side of route. The proposed route between Roorkee and Haridwar towns is only 29.22 km long (includes a 17.10 km long part of the existing road), the new road required is 12.12 km, while the existing longer route between Roorkee and Haridwar is 33 km (instead of 29.22 km). By using multi-criteria weighted methods of route alignment, a length of approximately 3.78 km can be avoided. It was also observed that slope, land use and drainage parameters are more sensitive for route alignment
Optimization of state-of-the-art fuzzy-metaheuristic ANFIS-based machine learning models for flood susceptibility prediction mapping in the Middle Ganga Plain, India
No full textCRediT authorship contribution statement: Dr. Aman Arora and Dr. Alireza Arabameri have conceptualized the study, prepared the dataset, and optimized the models. Dr. Manish Pandey has helped in writing the manuscript. Prof. Masood A. Siddiqui, Prof. U.K. Shukla, Prof. Dieu Tien Bui, Dr. Varun Narayan Mishra, and Dr. Anshuman Bhardwaj have helped in improving the manuscript at different stages of this work.Peer reviewe
From tangible to intangible and return: hybrid tools for operationalizing historic urban landscape approach
No full textUNESCO Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape (2011) highlights the need for a rethink of the framework of tools for integrating conservation and sustainable development. In the same way, United Nations recognizes the centrality of human beings in development processes, synthesized in 17 Sustainable Development Goals, while New Urban Agenda refers them in the urban/rural space. Operationalizing HUL approach means to translate UN criteria into actions directed on cultural heritage and, in particular, on landscape with high cultural and natural values. The tools aimed to operationalizing HUL are in turn able to pursuit human wellbeing through cultural heritage. Many communities are enhanced from recognizing the values of their built environment, which as cultural heritage in turn become social glue. In a short time, these bottom-up processes produce effective results as relationships between people, community and place but in middle-long time they progressively blow out. Our research focuses on a hybrid approach to strengthen the social empowerment process and to make it long-lasting through the actions on built environment. An interdisciplinary and systemic approach aims to create physical and cultural conditions for a creative milieu. The integration of skills, knowledge, needs, values, visions of the different actors involved, brings economic, social and environmental impacts, that in turn are capable of circularizing relations between man, community and place, and activating a circular economy (Fusco Girard 2016). The project of built environment is a cultural project because, storing the intangible heritage of knowledge and adaptive capacity, becomes a source of innovation and a tool for managing the change. It not only promotes attachment to the place of daily life, but also produces connections between different communities. So the cultural diversity becomes a wealth for the community and an occasion to translate attentions of assets in actions that contribute to sustainable development, generating economic, social and cultural value
Directive speech acts in the New Testament
No full textDanuta Pytel-Pandey, WrocławThis article discusses the directive speech acts in the New Testament. The
author presents examples of such acts from the New Testament Scriptures, and
then carries out their pragmalinguistic [email protected]
Similarities between 2D and 3D convection for large Prandtl number
No full textUsing direct numerical simulations of Rayleigh-B\'enard convection (RBC), we perform a comparative study of the spectra and fluxes of energy and entropy for large and infinite Prandtl numbers in two (2D) and three (3D) dimensions. We observe close similarities between the 2D and 3D RBC, in particular the kinetic energy spectrum , and the entropy spectrum exhibits a dual branch with a dominant spectrum. We showed that the dominant Fourier modes in the 2D and 3D flows are very close
Evaluation and analysis of impact of subsidies on small scale renewable energy technologies dissemination: a case study of Nepal
No full textThe report has analysed the status of rural electrification using renewable energy technologies (RETs) and the current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in Nepal. As the Government of Nepal is subsidizing small scale renewable energy projects, it is important to evaluate and analyse the programme to make sure that a programme is running in an effective and efficient way while reaching the target group.
During the course of the research, primary information collected from the field has been compiled using appropriate tools/software (such as MS Office) and analyzed. Different sets of questionnaires were prepared, targeting different personnel ranging from the users’ level to the government policy level. The field survey methods include field observations of RETs installations and operations along with interviews with selected users on a random sampling basis to identify barriers to subsidy delivery and possible measures to overcome these barriers; to determine user satisfaction level and time period for subsidy delivery mechanisms.
The report started with the country background information and the rationale behind the study. This is followed by the literature review and information on the current status of small scale RETs in the country. Next it deals with the organizational structure and current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in the country. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the subsidy with the current subsidy delivery modality has been analyzed based on six parameters; Targets and Achievements, Impact of RETs, Subsidy Delivery System Efficiency, Transparency, Sustainability and Effectiveness.
The research shows that the subsidized government program has been successful in achieving its goal to provide basic energy services in rural areas through RETs in terms of its quantitative target. Although the subsidized program is successful in electrifying the rural communities via RETs, the poorest of the poor families are still excluded from the subsidy. The program seems to benefit more the rich and upper middle class families rather than the poor families for which the subsidy was intended. The high capital cost and long subsidy delivery process are the main important reasons for this failure. The author has proposed a new modality which might overcome the time barriers and bureaucratic process in the subsidy delivery mechanism and will decrease the lead time. This will in turn help to reduce the operational cost of the private companies and will encourage more players to enter the market, increase competition and result in lower system costs.
After identifying gaps in the current subsidy delivery modality, the project report ends with the recommendation of a new modality improving the current modality and filling the gaps identified. As this study has some limitations, as described in chapter one, the scope of further works has been listed at the end
Design of CMOS Current Conveyors for Analog VLSI
No full textMaster of Technology (VLSI Design and CAD)Current conveyor is a high performance analog circuit design block based on current
mode approach. It is basically a unity gain element that exhibits high linearity, wide
dynamic range, high bandwidth and better high frequency performance. The current
conveyor is a combination of voltage as well as current follower.
The second and third generation current conveyors, based on translinear loop,
having voltage and current gain closer to unity are presented in this thesis. The main
feature of these current conveyors is their high voltage and current transfer bandwidth
which make them suitable for high frequency applications.
The current conveyors are simulated using UMC 0.35μm CMOS 1P6M process
parameters with power supply of ±1.5V in Cadence® Virtuoso Analog Design
Environment. Layouts of the circuits have been designed in Cadence® Virtuoso XL
Design Environment. The post-layout simulations at different process corners along with
temperature and supply variations have been presented to validate the performance of
these current conveyors.Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patial
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