100,668 research outputs found
New literacies and e-learning competences
No full textTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 13 avril 2007)Titre de la version anglaise: New literacies and e-learning competence
Corrosion properties of thermally sprayed bond coatings under plasma sprayed chromia coating in sulfuric acid solutions
No full textPlasma sprayed chromia coatings are known to have excellent corrosion and wear properties in highly acidic conditions at ambient and elevated temperatures. In applications requiring extremely good corrosion resistance, the whole components are usually made of a corrosion resistant alloy. For increased adhesion of the ceramic coating to the corrosion resistant substrate material, thermally sprayed metallic bond coatings are used. It is well known that the corrosion environment in such bond coatings between the ceramic top coating and the substrate can be extremely difficult due to the absence of dissolved oxygen, increased concentration of the corrosive electrolytes under the top coating, and galvanic and crevice corrosion mechanisms inside the coating structure. When bond coatings are used, it is of high importance to select the bond layer chemistry and method of production so that the bond coating can survive in such harsh conditions. In the present study, four different bond coatings were studied to evaluate their performance in corrosive acidic electrolytes. The coatings studied were HVOF sprayed Ni-20Cr, Hastelloy C-276 and Ultimet alloy coatings, and plasma sprayed tantalum coating. The substrate material was a solid Hastelloy C-276 metal alloy. The top coating used was plasma sprayed Cr2O3. Corrosion properties of various coating types were studied by electrochemical measurements in sulfuric acid solutions with various concentrations at RT, and by immersion tests at RT and at the temperature of 60°C. The coating microstructures were studied before and after the corrosion tests. The results showed that HVOF sprayed Ni-20Cr and Ultimet alloy coatings were significantly attacked by the sulfuric acid electrolyte, whereas HVOF sprayed Hastelloy C-276 and plasma sprayed Ta coatings performed significantly better
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Reconfiguring Human, Nonhuman and Posthuman : Striving for More Ethical Cohabitation
No full textAs Donna Haraway (2015, 160) argues, “[i]t matters which stories tell stories, which concepts think concepts. Mathematically, visually, and narratively, it matters which figures figure figures, which systems systemize systems”. The time has come for human cultures to seriously think, to diligently conceptualize, and to earnestly fabulate about all the nonhuman critters we share our world with, and to consider how to strive for more ethical cohabitation.peerReviewe
Childhood family structure and offspring health in adulthood : special focus on health behaviours, morbidity and health-related quality of life
No full textAbstract
The childhood living environment plays an important role in offspring development. A childhood family structure in which both parents live in the same household as the offspring has been observed to be more favourable for the offspring’s development than a single-parent family setting. However, due to unexpected factors, such as divorce or the death of one parent, the family structure can change suddenly. The prevalence of parental divorce and births outside marriage has increased worldwide in recent decades, which has led to even more offspring living with single parents. There is a paucity of large-scale, population-based follow-up studies of the longitudinal associations between parental separation and offspring’s well-being in adulthood.
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term associations between childhood family structure and offspring well-being in adulthood over a 46-year follow up.
The population of the current study (n=5431–10,895) was derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Data on childhood family structure was collected when the offspring were 14 years old and was trichotomized as follows: ‘Two-parent family’, ‘One parent not living at home/no information on father’, and ‘Father or mother deceased’. Data on the offspring’s adulthood longitudinal health behaviours (including smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity status), morbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were collected using postal questionnaires and clinical examinations conducted when the study participants were 31 and/or 46 years old.
The offspring of the ‘One parent not living at home/no information on father’ subgroup were two times more likely to smoke and heavily consume alcohol regularly between the ages of 31 and 46 than the offspring belonging to two-parent families. In addition, the lifetime prevalence of diseases and health conditions was higher among the offspring of the ‘One parent not living at home/no information on father’ subgroup, and they were over one-and-a-half times more likely to have significantly impaired HRQoL in midlife than the offspring of two-parent families. Similar results regarding smoking and alcohol consumption were found among offspring affected by parental death, but these associations were weaker.
The results of this study indicate that childhood family structure has far-reaching associations with offspring’s well-being. Living with only one parent in childhood seems to increase the odds of unhealthy lifestyle habits, impaired general health and HRQoL. This underlines the importance of identifying risk groups as potential targets for interventions aiming to support and promote healthy lifestyle habits and overall health. Original papers Varis, H., Hagnäs, M., Mikkola, I., Nordström, T., Taanila, A., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., & Heikkala, E. (2024). Association between childhood family structure and longitudinal health behaviour changes in adulthood –Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1774. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19266-3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19266-3 Self-archived version Varis, H., Hagnäs, M., Mikkola, I., Nordström, T., Puukka, K., Taanila, A., & Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (2022). Parental separation and offspring morbidity in adulthood: A descriptive study of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 50(5), 601–612. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948211014296 https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948211014296 Self-archived version Varis, H., Heikkala, E., Mikkola, I., Nordström, T., Taanila, A., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., & Hagnäs, M. (2024). Association between childhood family structure and health-related quality of life at middle age: A longitudinal study of Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 14034948241260765. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241260765 https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241260765 Self-archived version Tiivistelmä
Lapsuuden elinympäristöllä on tärkeä rooli jälkeläisten kehityksessä. Lapsuuden perherakenteen, jossa molemmat vanhemmat asuvat samassa taloudessa jälkeläisen kanssa, on havaittu olevan suotuisampi jälkeläisen kehitykselle verrattuna yksinhuoltajaperheeseen. Odottamattomien tekijöiden, kuten avioeron tai toisen vanhemman kuoleman, seurauksena perherakenne voi kuitenkin muuttua yllättäen. Vanhempien avioerot ja avioliiton ulkopuolella syntyvien lasten määrä ovat lisääntyneet maailmanlaajuisesti viime vuosikymmeninä, minkä vuoksi yksinhuoltajavanhempien kanssa asuu entistä enemmän jälkeläisiä. Laajamittaisia väestöpohjaisia seurantatutkimuksia on vähän, joissa tutkitaan pitkittäisiä yhteyksiä vanhempien eron ja jälkeläisten hyvinvoinnin välillä aikuisiällä.
Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli arvioida lapsuuden perherakenteen ja jälkeläisten aikuisiän hyvinvoinnin välisiä pitkäaikaisia yhteyksiä 46 vuoden seurantajakson aikana.
Tämän tutkimuksen tutkimusaineisto (n=5431–10895) perustui Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1966:een. Lapsuuden perherakenteesta kerättiin tiedot jälkeläisten ollessa 14-vuotiaita ja ne jaettiin seuraavasti: "Kahden vanhemman perhe", "Yksi vanhemmista ei asu kotona /ei tietoa isästä" ja "Isä tai äiti kuollut". Jälkeläisten tiedot aikuisiän pitkittäisistä terveyskäyttäytymisistä (mukaan lukien tupakointi, alkoholinkäyttö ja fyysinen aktiivisuus), sairastavuudesta ja terveyteen liittyvästä elämänlaadusta kerättiin postikyselyistä ja kliinisistä tutkimuksista, jotka tehtiin 31- ja/tai 46-vuotiaana.
Jälkeläiset, jotka kuuluivat alaryhmään ”Yksi vanhempi ei asu kotona/ei tietoa isästä” tupakoivat ja käyttivät säännöllisesti runsaasti alkoholia kaksi kertaa todennäköisemmin 31 ja 46 ikävuoden välillä verrattuna kahden vanhemman perheiden jälkeläisiin. Lisäksi jälkeläisillä, jotka kuuluivat alaryhmään "Yksi vanhempi ei asu kotona/ei tietoa isästä", sairauksien ja terveysongelmien elinikäinen esiintyvyys oli korkeampi ja heillä oli keski-iällä yli puolitoista kertaa todennäköisemmin merkittävästi heikentynyt terveyteen liittyvä elämänlaatu verrattuna kahden vanhemman perheiden jälkeläisiin. Samankaltaisia tuloksia, koskien tupakointia ja alkoholin käyttöä, havaittiin vanhemman kuoleman kohdanneilla jälkeläisillä, mutta yhteydet olivat heikommat.
Tämä tutkimus osoittaa lapsuuden perherakenteella olevan kauaskantoisia ja moninaisia yhteyksiä jälkeläisten hyvinvointiin. Lapsuudessa yksinhuoltaperheessä asuminen lisää epäterveellisten elämäntapojen, alentuneen yleisen terveyden ja terveyteen liittyvän elämänlaadun todennäköisyyttä. Tämä korostaa riskiryhmien tunnistamisen tärkeyttä ja heille voidaan tarjota interventioita tukemaan ja edistämään terveellisiä elämäntapoja sekä yleistä terveyttä. Osajulkaisut Varis, H., Hagnäs, M., Mikkola, I., Nordström, T., Taanila, A., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., & Heikkala, E. (2024). Association between childhood family structure and longitudinal health behaviour changes in adulthood –Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1774. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19266-3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19266-3 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Varis, H., Hagnäs, M., Mikkola, I., Nordström, T., Puukka, K., Taanila, A., & Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (2022). Parental separation and offspring morbidity in adulthood: A descriptive study of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 50(5), 601–612. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948211014296 https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948211014296 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Varis, H., Heikkala, E., Mikkola, I., Nordström, T., Taanila, A., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., & Hagnäs, M. (2024). Association between childhood family structure and health-related quality of life at middle age: A longitudinal study of Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 14034948241260765. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241260765 https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241260765 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Health and Biosciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the auditorium Tiera of the Santasport Olympic Training Center, Hiihtomajantie 2, Rovaniemi, on 10 October 2025, at 12 noonAbstract
The childhood living environment plays an important role in offspring development. A childhood family structure in which both parents live in the same household as the offspring has been observed to be more favourable for the offspring’s development than a single-parent family setting. However, due to unexpected factors, such as divorce or the death of one parent, the family structure can change suddenly. The prevalence of parental divorce and births outside marriage has increased worldwide in recent decades, which has led to even more offspring living with single parents. There is a paucity of large-scale, population-based follow-up studies of the longitudinal associations between parental separation and offspring’s well-being in adulthood.
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term associations between childhood family structure and offspring well-being in adulthood over a 46-year follow up.
The population of the current study (n=5431–10,895) was derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Data on childhood family structure was collected when the offspring were 14 years old and was trichotomized as follows: ‘Two-parent family’, ‘One parent not living at home/no information on father’, and ‘Father or mother deceased’. Data on the offspring’s adulthood longitudinal health behaviours (including smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity status), morbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were collected using postal questionnaires and clinical examinations conducted when the study participants were 31 and/or 46 years old.
The offspring of the ‘One parent not living at home/no information on father’ subgroup were two times more likely to smoke and heavily consume alcohol regularly between the ages of 31 and 46 than the offspring belonging to two-parent families. In addition, the lifetime prevalence of diseases and health conditions was higher among the offspring of the ‘One parent not living at home/no information on father’ subgroup, and they were over one-and-a-half times more likely to have significantly impaired HRQoL in midlife than the offspring of two-parent families. Similar results regarding smoking and alcohol consumption were found among offspring affected by parental death, but these associations were weaker.
The results of this study indicate that childhood family structure has far-reaching associations with offspring’s well-being. Living with only one parent in childhood seems to increase the odds of unhealthy lifestyle habits, impaired general health and HRQoL. This underlines the importance of identifying risk groups as potential targets for interventions aiming to support and promote healthy lifestyle habits and overall health.Tiivistelmä
Lapsuuden elinympäristöllä on tärkeä rooli jälkeläisten kehityksessä. Lapsuuden perherakenteen, jossa molemmat vanhemmat asuvat samassa taloudessa jälkeläisen kanssa, on havaittu olevan suotuisampi jälkeläisen kehitykselle verrattuna yksinhuoltajaperheeseen. Odottamattomien tekijöiden, kuten avioeron tai toisen vanhemman kuoleman, seurauksena perherakenne voi kuitenkin muuttua yllättäen. Vanhempien avioerot ja avioliiton ulkopuolella syntyvien lasten määrä ovat lisääntyneet maailmanlaajuisesti viime vuosikymmeninä, minkä vuoksi yksinhuoltajavanhempien kanssa asuu entistä enemmän jälkeläisiä. Laajamittaisia väestöpohjaisia seurantatutkimuksia on vähän, joissa tutkitaan pitkittäisiä yhteyksiä vanhempien eron ja jälkeläisten hyvinvoinnin välillä aikuisiällä.
Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli arvioida lapsuuden perherakenteen ja jälkeläisten aikuisiän hyvinvoinnin välisiä pitkäaikaisia yhteyksiä 46 vuoden seurantajakson aikana.
Tämän tutkimuksen tutkimusaineisto (n=5431–10895) perustui Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1966:een. Lapsuuden perherakenteesta kerättiin tiedot jälkeläisten ollessa 14-vuotiaita ja ne jaettiin seuraavasti: "Kahden vanhemman perhe", "Yksi vanhemmista ei asu kotona /ei tietoa isästä" ja "Isä tai äiti kuollut". Jälkeläisten tiedot aikuisiän pitkittäisistä terveyskäyttäytymisistä (mukaan lukien tupakointi, alkoholinkäyttö ja fyysinen aktiivisuus), sairastavuudesta ja terveyteen liittyvästä elämänlaadusta kerättiin postikyselyistä ja kliinisistä tutkimuksista, jotka tehtiin 31- ja/tai 46-vuotiaana.
Jälkeläiset, jotka kuuluivat alaryhmään ”Yksi vanhempi ei asu kotona/ei tietoa isästä” tupakoivat ja käyttivät säännöllisesti runsaasti alkoholia kaksi kertaa todennäköisemmin 31 ja 46 ikävuoden välillä verrattuna kahden vanhemman perheiden jälkeläisiin. Lisäksi jälkeläisillä, jotka kuuluivat alaryhmään "Yksi vanhempi ei asu kotona/ei tietoa isästä", sairauksien ja terveysongelmien elinikäinen esiintyvyys oli korkeampi ja heillä oli keski-iällä yli puolitoista kertaa todennäköisemmin merkittävästi heikentynyt terveyteen liittyvä elämänlaatu verrattuna kahden vanhemman perheiden jälkeläisiin. Samankaltaisia tuloksia, koskien tupakointia ja alkoholin käyttöä, havaittiin vanhemman kuoleman kohdanneilla jälkeläisillä, mutta yhteydet olivat heikommat.
Tämä tutkimus osoittaa lapsuuden perherakenteella olevan kauaskantoisia ja moninaisia yhteyksiä jälkeläisten hyvinvointiin. Lapsuudessa yksinhuoltaperheessä asuminen lisää epäterveellisten elämäntapojen, alentuneen yleisen terveyden ja terveyteen liittyvän elämänlaadun todennäköisyyttä. Tämä korostaa riskiryhmien tunnistamisen tärkeyttä ja heille voidaan tarjota interventioita tukemaan ja edistämään terveellisiä elämäntapoja sekä yleistä terveyttä
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Asymptotics of the critical time in Wiener sausage percolation with a small radius
No full textInternational audienceWe consider a continuum percolation model on , where .The occupied set is given by the union of independent Wiener sausages with radius running up to time and whoseinitial points are distributed according to a homogeneous Poisson point process.It was established in a previous work by Erhard, Mart\'{i}nez and Poisat~\cite{EMP13} that (1) if is small enough there is a non-trivial percolation transitionin occuring at a critical time and (2) in the supercritical regime the unbounded cluster is unique. In this paper we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the critical time when the radius converges to . The latter does not seem to be deducible from simple scaling arguments. We prove that for , there is a positive constant such that when and when , as converges to . We derive along the way moment estimates on the capacity of Wiener sausages, which may be of independent interest
Comparison between Plasma- and HVOF-sprayed ceramic coatings. Part 2: tribological behaviour
No full textThis is the second part of comparative study between High Velocity Oxygen-Fuel (HVOF) flame-sprayed and Atmospheric Plasma-Sprayed (APS) ceramics. Dry particles abrasion test and dry sliding wear test at room temperature, 400°C and 700°C are performed. In dry sliding against SiC, at room temperature stable tribofilms are formed and mild wear (<10–6 mm3/(Nm)) occurs for all coatings. When temperature and normal load increase, making brittle cracking a significant wear mechanism, HVOF coatings become superior to APS ones, thanks to higher toughness. In dry particles abrasion, brittle fracture prevails; therefore, the tougher HVOF coatings outperform APS ones
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