1,721,019 research outputs found
A combined analysis of dietary habits in the Bronze Age site of Ballabio (northern Italy)
No full textIn recent years, the ever more frequent studies on the Bronze Age in northern Italy have shown the importance of this area for cultural and economic exchanges between central and southern Europe. The aim of the present multidisciplinary study was to define the health, behaviour and dietary habits in an Early-Middle Bronze Age skeletal sample from the Ballabio necropolis (Lecco, Italy). Skeletal remains were found in two adjacent funerary structures, interpreted as primary burials and as places of secondary deposition. Studies on the health and diet of the individuals were based on dental-alveolar features, and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. The individuals exhibit a low prevalence of caries, abscesses and ante-mortem tooth loss, but do exhibit high calculus and alveolar resorption rates, suggesting a subsistence pattern based on pastoralism more than agriculture.
Stable isotope ratios indicate a mixed diet and support the hypothesis of a protein intake based on terrestrial resources, with an appreciable amount of animal foodstuffs. There are no statistically significant sex or age differences, although adolescents and young adults (15–25 years old) seem to have consumed more animal protein. The isotope data from Ballabio are similar to other Early Bronze Age data collected from other sites in northern Italy. However, the pattern changed during the Middle Bronze Age, suggesting complex agricultural modifications in this area impacted by new crops such as millet
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Stratégie de subsistance en Italie à l’Age du Bronze : une approche isotopique de l’alimentation humaine
No full textL’Âge du Bronze est un moment de changement pour les groupes humains en Italie : les attestations archéologiques montrent comment les nouvelles pratiques agricoles, le système d’élevage et le développement de nouvelles activités économiques sont diffusés différemment selon les régions, conformément à l’environnement et aux facteurs sociaux. L’étude des stratégies de subsistance et des comportements socio-économiques à travers l’analyse des patrons alimentaires en Italie, pendant l’Âge du Bronze est donc proposée. L’enjeu est de comprendre comment les habitudes alimentaires reflètent ces transformations et d’analyser l’introduction et consommation de nouvelles ressources végétales et animales. Sur la base d’une approche diachronique et géographique, l’évolution des habitudes alimentaires à travers les analyses des isotopes stables dans le collagène des os humains et animaux est présentée. L’étude se concentre sur dix sites datant de 2300-930 av. J.-C. L’analyse au niveau géographique témoigne d’une diète plus variée dans le Nord et le Centre de l’Italie par rapport au Sud. Concernant l’analyse diachronique, une homogénéité des ressources consommées à l’Âge du Bronze Ancien est remarquée. Pour l’Âge du Bronze Moyen et Final l’émergence de régimes alimentaires basés sur de nouvelles plantes est mise en évidence. Cette période se présente donc comme un moment de rupture et de transition. L’introduction de nouvelles ressources et la diffusion de céréales contribuent à mettre en évidence les dynamiques des échanges culturels qui ont caractérisé les communautés à l’Âge du Bronze, même si l’environnement et les variations climatiques ne doivent pas être négligées.The Bronze Age is characterised by significant changes in human groups organisation and activities. In Italy, archaeological evidences show that new agricultural practices, livestock farming and new economic activities were introduced. All these aspects evolved differently, depending on geographical areas, local environment and social factors. The study of subsistence strategies and socio-economic behaviours through the analysis of dietary patterns in Italy during the Bronze Age is presented. Main scopes are to delineate Italian society’s food choices and to analyse the introduction of new resources. Stable isotopes analyses contained in collagen of human and animal bone has been performed. A diachronic and geographic approach is presented. The analysis focuses on ten Italian sites dating from ca. 2300 to 930 BC, presenting both diachronic and geographic comparison. The geographic analysis shows a more varied diet in the North and Central Italy, compared to the Southern areas. Concerning the diachronic analysis, data highlight the homogeneity of the resources consumed during the Early Bronze Age. For both Middle and Late Bronze Ages, the introduction of new plants in the diet is evident. Thus, Middle Bronze Age represents a pivotal moment in protohistoric societies, as a phase of rupture and transition. The consumption of different food resources and new cereals diffusion processes contribute to highlight the importance of contacts and cultural exchanges. These relationships had a significant influence on Italian communities during the Bronze Age, including food habits, although the environment and the climatic oscillations of this period cannot be neglected.L'età del Bronzo è una fase della Protostoria caratterizzata in Italia da importanti cambiamenti per i gruppi umani. Le evidenze archeologiche suggeriscono l'introduzione di nuove pratiche agricole e sistemi di allevamento, a cui si associa la sviluppo di attività di rilevanza a livello economico (e.g. metallugia), e una maggiore organizzazione della società che mostrano al loro interno una strutturazione e gerarchizzazione più marcata: questi aspetti presentano tendenze differenti secondo l'area geografica, in seguito alle caratteristiche ambientali locali e fattori di tipo sociale. Questo lavoro propone lo studio delle strategie di sussistenza e delle tendenze socio-economiche attraverso l'analisi dell'alimentazione. Gli obiettivi sono comprendere come le transformazioni che si manifestano a livello socio-economico si riflettono nella dieta, delineare le tendenze alimentari considerando anche gli aspetti biologici e analizzare il consump di nuove risorse. Lo studio è stato effetuato attraverso l'analisi degli isotopi stabili contenuti nel collagene delle ossa di resti umani e animali. Sono stati selezionati 10 siti della penisola italiana datati tra 2300-930 BC: prendendo in considerazione altri siti disponibili in letteratura, l'analisi è avvenuto applicando un approccio di tipo geografico e cronologico. L'analisi geografica ha messo in evidenza come il Nord e il Centro Italia presentino dei pattern alimentari variegati, contrariamente à quanto si rileva per il Sud Italia. L'analisi cronologica mostra come nel Bronzo Antico si noti una maggior omogeneità nel tipo di risorse consumate, differentemente all'età del Bronzo Medio e Rencete-Finale, dove l'introduzione di nuovi cereali nella dieta,come il miglio, risultaevidente. Questo studio, quindi, mostra come nel Bronzo Antico rappresenti un momento critico, di transizione, per i gruppi umani protostorici. Il consumo di risorse differenti e il processo di diffusione di nuovi cereali sottolinea l'importanza dei contatti e degli scambi culturali tra le diverse comunità. Queste relazioni cominciano ad avere un'influenza rilevante durante l'età del Bronzo, anche a livello di abitudini alimentari, sebbene non possano essere ignorate le caratteristiche ambientali locali e le oscillazioni climatiche di questo periodo
Food and society. An anthropological and multi-proxy approach to reconstructing lifestyle, diet and mobility in late prehistory
No full textIncreasing archaeological evidence suggests that the Bronze Age in Europe was a very dynamic period, but several aspects concerning human behaviour must be clarified, such as the spread of new agricultural practices, changes in the management of local resources as well as the emergence of new networks of exchanges. This research, through a multi-proxy and multi-isotopic approach, aims to study changes in dietary habits and mobility of individuals in Western Switzerland, a region at the crossroads of Europe. Human teeth and bones were analysed in association with terrestrial and aquatic animalsandcrop remains. Concerning agricultural strategies, isotopic analyses carried outon carpological remains seem to suggest an increase in soil fertilization during the Bronze Age. The animal and human results indicate a diet based on terrestrial resources for all the communities considered, nevertheless, we can identify a change in human food choices during the Final Bronze age due to the consumption of new cereals, such as millet, compared to previous periods. Regarding mobility, sulphur analysesshowthat thehumangroups are locals, except for a few isolated individuals
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Comment s’est modifiée l’alimentation en Italie à l’Age du Bronze? La contribution des isotopes stables pour la reconstruction des régimes alimentaires et des stratégies de subsistance
No full textInternational audienc
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