876 research outputs found
HENRY JAMES’ VIEW ABOUT AMERICAN CULTURE AS REPRESENTED BY DAISY MILLER IN DAISY MILLER (GENETIC STRUCTURALISM APPROACH)
No full textABSTRACT
Daisy Miller is one of James’ novels that talks about cultural gap. There
are many cultural conflicts between American and European. The researcher had
formulated three problem statements as follows: (1) How are the cultural
differences in Daisy Miller? (2) How does the society in Daisy Miller view
Daisy Miller? (3) How does Henry James view American culture as
represented by Daisy Miller in Daisy Miller?
In order to answer the questions, the researcher used genetic structuralism
approach by Lucien Goldman to analyze Daisy Miller, because genetic
structuralism is used to find the world view of the author toward his novel. There
are three aspects to be correlated in genetic structuralism, i.e. the novel itself,
biography of the author, the social condition when the novel was created. The
researcher also had to find the previous novel and novel after Daisy Miller which
have the same theme and correlated them with Daisy Miller. By the combination
of the aspects above, the researcher could find Henry James’ view about
American culture as represented by Daisy Miller in Daisy Miller.
There were three findings in this research: First, the researcher found that
there are cultural differences between America and Europe. In Daisy Miller Henry
James presents the Americans who had settled in Europe lived in a luxurious life.
It can be seen from their life style. They stayed from one hotel to another and they
liked to hold parties. The Millers family brought a private tutor to teach Randolph,
Daisy’s brother. It was very expensive to bring a private tutor from America to
Europe; but James presents the society to show that it was a rich and high-class
society. Daisy Miller was a visitor in Europe. She brought the pure American
culture. The conflict appeared when she was considered to break the rules in
Europe such as walking in the night with a man.
Second, the researcher identified the view of society to Daisy Miller. The
characters in Daisy Miller were: (1) Frederick Winterbourne. He was a young
American who had lived and schooled in Geneva. He sometimes judged Daisy as
a good girl, but in other time he considered her as a bad girl. (2) Mrs. Costello.
She is American but with European air. She looked down the Millers family
because of their new money, unsophisticated conduct, and intimacy with their
courier. (3) Mrs. Walker. She exemplified the values of the formal American but
with European air similar to Mrs. Costello. (4) He was an Italian man. He
considered Daisy just as natural and innocent girl. (5) Mrs. Miller. She was
Daisy’s mother. She was the opposite of a higher class European mother, because
she allowed her daughter to do as she liked.
Third, the researcher found that Henry James presents Daisy Miller as the
representation of American culture. Daisy’s characteristics are: (1) Freedom. (2)
Naturalness. (3) Innocence. (4) Purity. Henry James takes the American culture a
little higher than European culture. He also considers that two different cultures
can live together in one community comfortably as long as the member of society
respects each other
Commonwealth caprice [music] : pour piano /
No full textCaption title.; Date approximated from p. 2, Traralgon Record, Tuesday 23 December 1902: "We have received from the composer, Miss Daisy R. Hughes, daughter of Mr E.F. Hughes, pro prietor of the 'Casterton News,' a copy of a special piece of pianoforte music, entitled the 'Commonwealth Caprice' published by Messrs Allan and Co., Melbourne, from whom it can be procured wholesale at a very moderate price."--http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article64264107; NLA's N copy: Cover inscribed by composer. ANL; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-vn5350188; NLA's N copy from the collection of Keith Watson. ANL
Queen Elizabeth II should be the final Head of the Commonwealth
No full textLurking not far beneath the surface of the current celebrations of the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee is a nagging
anxiety: what happens next? Nowhere is this more acute than in Commonwealth circles. The future of the headship
of the Commonwealth, a role the Queen has played with such dedication, is in doubt. Should it pass to her heir,
Prince Charles? Dig a little deeper and you soon encounter off-the-record expressions of doubt about Charles’s
suitability. Amid the rather awkward and embarrassed murmurings that pass for debate on this issue, the cases for
and against Charles inheriting the headship have barely been explored or discussed. Set out systematically, both
sets of arguments are powerful and both deserve to be taken seriously. Ultimately, however, we conclude that the
interests of the Commonwealth would be best served if the post of Head of the Commonwealth ceased to exist at
the end of Her Majesty’s reign
Epidemiological research on Chlamydiaceae in pigs and evaluation of a Chlamydia trachomatis DNA vaccine
No full textEpidemiologisch onderzoek naar Chlamydophila psittacizoönose en ontwikkeling van DNA formulieringen voor mucosale vaccinatie van kalkoenen
No full textExamining the role of type III secretion in the biology and intracellular pathogenesis of Chlamydophila psittaci
No full textChlamydiaceae are Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria and are therefore completely dependent on a living host cell to execute their unique biphasic developmental cycle. This is accompanied by a reprogramming of the host cell into a minimized factory efficiently supporting chlamydial replication. Type III secretion could be essential in this process as other Gram-negative bacteria deploy similar secretion mechanisms to subvert the cellular functions of their host to their own benefit. Chlamydophila psittaci primarily infects birds and is horizontally transmitted through aerosols of nasal secretions and feces. Initially, the respiratory tract is infected, from where the disease further spreads leading to a systemic infection. The commercial poultry industry is affected by considerable economic losses, especially when the animals are simultaneously infected with avian pathogenic E. coli, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale or avian metapneumovirus. Zoonotic transmission occurs in people in close contact with infected birds, the clinical outcome ranging from inapparent to severe flu-like symptoms or pneumonia.
In this thesis, we have proven that a functional Type III secretion system is present in Chlamydophila psittaci, involved in the entry and replication of chlamydial organisms. Using a newly developed digital titration assay, lactoferrin and especially ovotransferrin proved their usefulness as anti-chlamydial compounds, of which ovotransferrin is now being tested as a cost-effective prophylactic measure in large scale turkey farms. We have also shown that Chlamydophila psittaci ompA genotype B strains invade, survive and replicate less efficiently in avian monocytes/macrophages compared to genotype A or D strains. Moreover, the induced cytokine responses are less pronounced, thus attracting fewer macrophages from the surrounding tissues. We postulate that mildly virulent strains disseminate less throughout the host, leading to more restricted lesions, hardly affecting the physical condition of the host. In addition, exceptionally high IL-10 and no TGF-β4 responses were observed, probably inducing a deactivation of monocytes/macrophages and inhibiting the pro-inflammatory and Th1 responses, resulting in a less efficient clearance of both Chlamydophila psittaci and subsequent infections.
However, Chlamydophila psittaci has not yet revealed all of its secrets and more research is needed to unravel the remaining mysteries in its interaction with both the avian and the human host
Epidemiology of Chlamydiaceae in livestock and emerging Chlamydia psittaci infections in chickens
No full textChlamydiaceae are a family of obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria causing disease in man and animals. C. abortus is a major abortigenic agent in ruminants, causing ovine enzootic abortion (OEA). C. psittaci causes respiratory disease (avian chlamydiosis) in birds and psittacosis or parrot-fever in man.
In Chapter I, an overview is given of the epidemiology, prevention, treatment and zoonotic risk of Chlamydiaceae infections in Chinese livestock. Differences in risk-factors, such as bio-security measures, and use of diagnostic tests and veterinary practices applied in China are compared to the West.
In Chapter II, we examined the occurrence of C. abortus in Belgian ruminants by serology and molecular diagnosis. Sampling herds at n ≥ 10 revealed a seropositive herd status in 14.3% (6/42), 50% (1/2) and 11.6% (11/95) of sheep, goat and cattle herds, respectively. Seroprevalence in one goat herd was 52.9% (9/17), but prevalence in positive sheep and cattle herds was generally limited to only 1 or 2 seropositive animals on 10 to 20 tested animals per herd. Molecular diagnosis on rectal swabs sampled at 3 cattle farms tested all negative for Chlamydiaceae DNA.
In Chapter III, part A, we examined the pathogenicity of the well characterized C. psittaci genotype B (CP3) and D (92/1293) strains in experimentally (aerosol) infected SPF chickens. Both strains caused conjunctivitis, rhinitis and dyspnoea. Pharyngeal and cloacal C. psittaci excretion was observed in all infected animals, indicative for systemic dissemination as proven by immunofluorescence staining of frozen tissue sections. Histopathological lesions were present in all infected chickens. However, differences in pathology were observed as genotype D was more virulent than genotype B, creating mortality and more severe clinical signs and lesions.
In Chapter III, part B, sera of 30 Belgian and 10 Northern French chicken farms were tested by a C. psittaci MOMP-based ELISA. Ninety-six percent, 93% and 90% of the Belgian broilers, broiler breeders and layers were seropositive. Ninety-one percent of the French broilers were seropositive. In addition, tissues of 5 Belgian and 5 French broiler farms were examined at slaughter. All French farms ware culture positive while C. psittaci was cultured from the lungs of 80% of examined Belgian farms. Chlamydia psittaci infections are apparently emerging in chickens raised in Belgium and Northern France. We could proof Hill-Evans postulates for chicken-derived C. psittaci genotype B and D strains.
In Chapter III, part C, we focused on the histopathological lesions caused in experimentally infected SPF chickens. SPF chickens were experimentally infected with C. psittaci strain 10/423 (genotype B), 10/525 (genotype B) or 10/298 (genotype D), which were all isolated from Belgian or French broilers with pneumonia. All strains induced conjunctivitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonitis, airosacculitis, splenitis, hepatitis, nephritis and enteritis. Inflammation of the ovaries was only observed in genotype D infected chickens. Overall, the genotype D strain caused more severe histopathological lesions and a high mortality rate (54.5%) early upon infection. In addition, severity of lesions increased more rapidly in genotype D as compared to genotype B infected birds, which suggests faster replication in internal organ
Chlamydophila psittaci infections in turkeys: zoonosis,bioaerosol monitoring and prophylaxis.
No full textMolecular epidemiology of Chlamydophila psittaci in psittacine birds and humans and prevention by DNA vaccination
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