1,721,001 research outputs found
Conclusion
No full textThe book’s concluding chapter draws together insights from across the empirical case studies showcasing the diversity of outcomes on national policy action on loss and damage. By offering a comparison between the different Global South countries studied, the chapter identifies patterns with respect to how policymakers and other stakeholders are approaching policy development, adoption and innovation. It finds that Antigua and Barbuda, Tuvalu and Bangladesh have moved the furthest in terms of policy development and innovation, while Ethiopia and The Bahamas have been slower to engage with loss and damage at the national level and Peru and Chile are only starting to understand the relevance of loss and damage for national policymaking. The chapter argues that while the very concept of loss and damage is an international construct, its meaning is still being contested and re-constituted within and across scales of governance. The chapter ends by outlining a research agenda for further studies in the context of the national turn in loss and damage governance
Theory and Methods
No full textThis chapter provides a detailed overview of the broad theoretical framework developed for the book. It begins by reviewing the extensive literature on climate change policy adoption and argues that existing theories have been overly focused on mitigation policies in the Global North. It details the broad-based analytical framework which guides the case study analysis and which incorporates considerations of: a) countries’ vulnerability to climate change impacts; b) international engagement on the issue of loss and damage; c) national institutional factors; and d) the role of ideas, including knowledge and norms. The chapter delves into each element of the framework and discusses the limitations of the research design. It then turns to describing the book’s abductive and iterative methodological approach which moves between existing theoretical propositions and data gathered through the analysis of law and policy documents and more than seventy-five interviews with national stakeholders across the case studies. The chapter concludes by highlighting the epistemic value of the book’s approach which has involved partnering with researchers in the Global South to co-develop, undertake and write up the research
Introduction
No full textAdvancing the emerging field of comparative climate governance and policymaking, this book explores national loss and damage policymaking through seven empirically grounded studies of loss and damage governance across vulnerable countries in the Global South. The introductory chapter sets the scene by presenting the key themes, research questions and contributions of the book. Following an introduction to the concept of loss and damage from climate change impacts and its emergence at the international level, the chapter argues for a political science of loss and damage that is sensitive to the “national turn” in research on loss and damage governance. The chapter then presents the seven country case studies featured in the book including small island developing states, least developed countries and emerging economies: Tuvalu, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Peru and Chile. The case studies show variation in the way countries engage with loss and damage, highlighting the importance of national contexts in understanding the success and/or failure of policymaking. The chapter concludes with a summary of key themes and findings emerging from the case studies, and discusses ways in which they advance our understanding of climate policy
Governing people on the move in a warming world: Framing climate change migration and the UNFCCC Task Force on Displacement
No full textDifferent ways of framing the nexus between climate change and migration have been advanced in academic, advocacy and policy circles. Some understand it as a state-security issue, some take a protection (or human security) approach and yet others portray migration as an adaptation or climate risk management strategy. Yet we have little insight into how these different understandings of the ‘problem’ of climate change-related migration are beginning to shape the emergence of global governance in the climate regime. Through a focus on the UNFCCC Task Force on Displacement we argue that these different framings of climate change migration shape how actors understand the appropriate role of the TFD, including the substantive scope of its mandate; its operational priorities; the nature of its outputs and where it should be situated in the institutional architecture. We show that understanding the different framings of the nexus between climate change and migration – and how these framings are contested within the UNFCCC – can help to account for institutional development in this area of climate governance
Governing Climate Change Loss and Damage: The National Turn
No full textDeadly floods in Pakistan, hurricanes in the Caribbean, and prolonged drought in East Africa – all intensified by climate change – have left hundreds of thousands of survivors without homes, jobs, food or water. Climate-driven extreme weather results in inevitable losses: loss of property, loss of livelihoods and loss of lives. Slower moving changes – such as sea-level rise, increasing temperatures and spreading deserts – also cause terrible harm to people’s homes, health and sense of security. The issue of climate change loss and damage has been dominating the international climate change negotiations in recent years. But it is national governments that are most immediately tasked with responding to the climate emergency, and their responses vary enormously. Until now, we have little understanding of how individual states are grappling with losses associated with the impacts of climate change. Governing Climate Change Loss and Damage: The National Turn is the first book-length treatment of loss and damage policy and politics at the national level. Unlike most books on climate policy, it focuses specifically on countries in the Global South that are on the frontline of climate change impacts. Through seven original empirical case studies, this book shows that some countries pursue the establishment of climate change loss and damage policies and programs more proactively and explicitly than others. Countries from the Global South tend to experience the negative impacts of climate change more acutely. Yet this book makes clear that it is not always those that face the most severe and existential impacts that take national policy action on loss and damage. Drawing on existing theoretical accounts in the study of climate policy, this book shows what countries are doing (and not doing) to address losses. It highlights policy innovations in sectors from fisheries to finance; identifies new institutional linkages that allow countries to better address issues such as climate-related internal displacement and shows how different forms of knowledge – from local and lived experience to historic disaster data – can supplement a lack of systematic information in policy-making processes. It also draws attention to the role of ideas in climate policy-making, showing how some states’ desires to cultivate a particular national identity – as an “emerging economy” or as a “green economy leader” – in the international sphere or the pursuit of specific development paradigms affects the way and the extent to which they engage with loss and damage as a policy domain. The book advances understanding of how policy-makers across sectors conceptualise loss and damage, identifies the barriers and constraints in policy-making across countries and traces the wide range of policies that are being deployed to grapple with different types of climate impacts. In doing so, the book shows the way to more effective governance of loss and damage now and in the future
Understanding the Politics and Governance of Climate Change Loss and Damage
Full text linkThis introduction to the 2023 special issue of Global Environment Politics brings questions related to politics and political processes to the forefront in the study of climate change loss and damage. The aim of avoiding the detrimental impacts of climate change has been at the heart of the international response to global climate change for more than thirty years. Yet the development of global governance responses to climate change loss and damage—those impacts that we cannot, do not or choose not to prevent or adapt to—has only over the last decade become a central theme within the discussions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Loss and damage has also become a research topic of growing importance within an array of disciplines, from international law to the interdisciplinary environmental social sciences. However, the engagement of scholars working in the fields of political science and international relations has been more limited so far. This is surprising because questions about how to best respond to loss and damage are fundamentally political, as they derive from deliberative processes, invoke value judgments, imply contestation, demand the development of policies, and result in distributional outcomes. In this introduction we describe the context and contributions of the research articles in the special issue. By drawing on a wide range of perspectives from across the social sciences, the articles render visible the multifaceted politics of climate change loss and damage and help to account for the trajectory of governance processes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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