1,720,962 research outputs found

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist

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    We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used

    Le suicide des personnes détenues en France : état des lieux, facteurs de risque et enjeux pour la prévention

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    Suicide is a major cause of death among people incarcerated. Its rate is several times higher than that observed in the general population in France and in most other countries. The monitoring and prevention of suicide in prisons was placed on the French health policy agenda at the beginning of the 21st century. This public health thesis on suicides among people incarcerated is organised into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents a literature review on indicators to measure the frequency of suicides by incarcerated persons, and offers a critical analysis, in a context in which the incidence rate is the subject of recurrent criticism as to its relevance for measuring it. Chapter 2 describes the sociodemographic, criminal, prison and clinical characteristics and the circumstances of the suicide of all 598 people incarcerated who died by suicide in France during the period 2017-2021, based on a study coordinated by Santé publique France. This study is based on data collected by the prison administration, as well as by health units via medical records. Chapter 3 investigates sociodemographic, penal and prison risk factors for suicide in a nationwide retrospective cohort of people incarcerated over the period 2017-2020. The cohort was constructed from a database of the Prison Administration and the risk factors were researched using survival analyses. Chapter 4 begins with the question of the implications of the results for suicide prevention among people incarcerated, and examines the general principles of suicide prevention and its specific features in prisons. It documents the general justifications for suicide prevention and examines the orientations that the social functions of the prison are likely to give to suicide prevention.Le suicide est une cause majeure de décès chez les personnes détenues. Son taux y est plusieurs fois supérieur à celui observé en population générale en France et dans la plupart des pays. La surveillance et la prévention du suicide en milieu pénitentiaire ont été inscrites à l'agenda des politiques de santé françaises au début du XXIe siècle. Cette thèse de santé publique sur les suicides des personnes détenues est organisée en quatre chapitres. Le Chapitre 1 présente une revue de la littérature sur les indicateurs de mesure de fréquence des suicides des personnes détenues et en propose une analyse critique, dans un contexte où le taux d'incidence fait l'objet de critiques récurrentes quant à sa pertinence pour la mesurer. Le Chapitre 2 décrit les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, pénales, carcérales, cliniques et les circonstances du suicide de l'ensemble des 598 personnes détenues décédées par suicide en France sur la période 2017-2021, à partir d'une étude coordonnée par Santé publique France. Cette étude s'appuie sur des données recueillies par l'administration pénitentiaire et par les unités sanitaires via le dossier médical. Le Chapitre 3 recherche des facteurs de risque sociodémographiques, pénaux et carcéraux de suicide au sein d'une cohorte rétrospective d'incarcérations exhaustive à l'échelle nationale sur la période 2017-2020. La cohorte a été construite à partir d'une base de données de la direction de l'administration pénitentiaire et les facteurs de risque ont été recherchés à partir d'analyses de survie. Le Chapitre 4 part de la question des implications des résultats pour la prévention du suicide des personnes détenues pour interroger les principes généraux de la prévention du suicide ainsi que ses spécificités en milieu pénitentiaire. Il documente les justifications générales à la prévention du suicide et interroge les orientations que les fonctions sociales de la prison sont susceptibles de donner à la prévention du suicide

    Le suicide des personnes détenues en France: état des lieux, facteurs de risque et enjeux pour la prévention

    No full text
    Suicide is a major cause of death among people incarcerated. Its rate is several times higher than that observed in the general population in France and in most other countries. This public health thesis on suicides among people incarcerated is organised into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents a literature review on indicators to measure the frequency of suicides by incarcerated persons, and offers a critical analysis, in a context in which the incidence rate is the subject of recurrent criticism as to its relevance for measuring it. Chapter 2 describes the sociodemographic, criminal, prison and clinical characteristics and the circumstances of the suicide of all 598 people incarcerated who died by suicide in France during the period 2017-2021, based on a study coordinated by Santé publique France. This study is based on data collected by the prison administration, as well as by health units via medical records. Chapter 3 investigates sociodemographic, penal and prison risk factors for suicide in a nationwide retrospective cohort of people incarcerated over the period 2017-2020. The cohort was constructed from a database of the Prison Administration and the risk factors were researched using survival analyses. Chapter 4 begins with the question of the implications of the results for suicide prevention among people incarcerated, and examines the general principles of suicide prevention and its specific features in prisons.Le suicide est une cause majeure de décès chez les personnes détenues. Son taux y est plusieurs fois supérieur à celui observé en population générale en France et dans la plupart des pays. Cette thèse de santé publique sur les suicides des personnes détenues est organisée en quatre chapitres. Le Chapitre 1 présente une revue de la littérature sur les indicateurs de mesure de fréquence des suicides des personnes détenues et en propose une analyse critique, dans un contexte où le taux d’incidence fait l’objet de critiques récurrentes quant à sa pertinence pour la mesurer. Le Chapitre 2 décrit les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, pénales, carcérales, cliniques et les circonstances du suicide de l’ensemble des 598 personnes détenues décédées par suicide en France sur la période 2017-2021, à partir d’une étude coordonnée par Santé publique France. Cette étude s’appuie sur des données recueillies par l’administration pénitentiaire et par les unités sanitaires via le dossier médical. Le Chapitre 3 recherche des facteurs de risque sociodémographiques, pénaux et carcéraux de suicide au sein d’une cohorte rétrospective d’incarcérations exhaustive à l’échelle nationale sur la période 2017-2020. La cohorte a été construite à partir d’une base de données de la direction de l’administration pénitentiaire et les facteurs de risque ont été recherchés à partir d’analyses de survie. Le Chapitre 4 part de la question des implications des résultats pour la prévention du suicide des personnes détenues pour interroger les principes généraux de la prévention du suicide ainsi que ses spécificités en milieu pénitentiaire

    Suicide among people incarcerated in France : overview, risk factors and prevention issues

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    Le suicide est une cause majeure de décès chez les personnes détenues. Son taux y est plusieurs fois supérieur à celui observé en population générale en France et dans la plupart des pays. La surveillance et la prévention du suicide en milieu pénitentiaire ont été inscrites à l'agenda des politiques de santé françaises au début du XXIe siècle. Cette thèse de santé publique sur les suicides des personnes détenues est organisée en quatre chapitres. Le Chapitre 1 présente une revue de la littérature sur les indicateurs de mesure de fréquence des suicides des personnes détenues et en propose une analyse critique, dans un contexte où le taux d'incidence fait l'objet de critiques récurrentes quant à sa pertinence pour la mesurer. Le Chapitre 2 décrit les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, pénales, carcérales, cliniques et les circonstances du suicide de l'ensemble des 598 personnes détenues décédées par suicide en France sur la période 2017-2021, à partir d'une étude coordonnée par Santé publique France. Cette étude s'appuie sur des données recueillies par l'administration pénitentiaire et par les unités sanitaires via le dossier médical. Le Chapitre 3 recherche des facteurs de risque sociodémographiques, pénaux et carcéraux de suicide au sein d'une cohorte rétrospective d'incarcérations exhaustive à l'échelle nationale sur la période 2017-2020. La cohorte a été construite à partir d'une base de données de la direction de l'administration pénitentiaire et les facteurs de risque ont été recherchés à partir d'analyses de survie. Le Chapitre 4 part de la question des implications des résultats pour la prévention du suicide des personnes détenues pour interroger les principes généraux de la prévention du suicide ainsi que ses spécificités en milieu pénitentiaire. Il documente les justifications générales à la prévention du suicide et interroge les orientations que les fonctions sociales de la prison sont susceptibles de donner à la prévention du suicide.Suicide is a major cause of death among people incarcerated. Its rate is several times higher than that observed in the general population in France and in most other countries. The monitoring and prevention of suicide in prisons was placed on the French health policy agenda at the beginning of the 21st century. This public health thesis on suicides among people incarcerated is organised into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents a literature review on indicators to measure the frequency of suicides by incarcerated persons, and offers a critical analysis, in a context in which the incidence rate is the subject of recurrent criticism as to its relevance for measuring it. Chapter 2 describes the sociodemographic, criminal, prison and clinical characteristics and the circumstances of the suicide of all 598 people incarcerated who died by suicide in France during the period 2017-2021, based on a study coordinated by Santé publique France. This study is based on data collected by the prison administration, as well as by health units via medical records. Chapter 3 investigates sociodemographic, penal and prison risk factors for suicide in a nationwide retrospective cohort of people incarcerated over the period 2017-2020. The cohort was constructed from a database of the Prison Administration and the risk factors were researched using survival analyses. Chapter 4 begins with the question of the implications of the results for suicide prevention among people incarcerated, and examines the general principles of suicide prevention and its specific features in prisons. It documents the general justifications for suicide prevention and examines the orientations that the social functions of the prison are likely to give to suicide prevention
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