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How do individual differences in a planning task relate to psychometric measures and real-world planning?
No full textWe have developed a method for measuring people’s average planning depth cost (Felso & Lieder, 2022) in an online planning task. This measure may be useful for developing future planning interventions. However, little is known about how this measure may relate to real-world planning. In fact, little is known about how behavior in the task in general may relate to real-world planning. Therefore, in this study we will investigate how, if at all, our planning depth cost measure relates to real-world planning and outcomes as well as psychometric measures and a measure of cognitive processing style
Measuring individual differences in the depth of planning
No full textWhile making plans, people have to decide how far out into the future they want to plan: days, months, years, or even longer. Overly short-sighted planning can harm people's well-being in important life domains, such as health, finances, and academics. While self-report scales exist to measure people's planning, people's answers to such questions may be distorted by their desire to make a good impression and conform to norms and expectations. Here, we introduce a method for objectively quantifying people's propensity to plan into the future. Our method combines a process-tracing method with Bayesian inverse reinforcement learning to measure how prone an individual is to plan multiple steps ahead. To infer this from a person's process-tracing data, our method inverts a new resource-rational model of individual differences in planning. This model assumes that subjective planning costs are captured by a cost function with two parameters: a mental effort cost and a planning depth cost. Upon showing that our model of planning explains individual participants' planning behavior better than the best previous models, we validate our method on simulated data and real data from a large online experiment where the cost of planning was manipulated within participants. Our results show that our method can infer individual differences in the planning depth cost. Our model provides a mechanistic account for why some people plan too shortsightedly. The subjective planning costs inferred by our method can be used as an objective, non-self-report measure of individual differences in people's propensity to plan into the future
How do individual differences in a planning task relate to psychometric measures and real-world planning?
No full textWe have developed a method for measuring people’s planning costs (Felso & Lieder, 2023) in an online planning task. These planning costs may be useful for developing future planning interventions. However, little is known about how these planning costs may relate to real-world planning. In fact, little is known about how behavior in the task in general may relate to real-world planning. Therefore, in this study we will investigate how, if at all, parameters from our planning cost model relate to real-world planning and outcomes as well as psychometric measures and a measure of cognitive processing style
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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