1,721,604 research outputs found
Jurisprudence - the bystander to crime
No full textThe author raises questions about the predicament of a bystander to a serious crime who does not intervene to oppose it. Article by Claire Valier (Lecturer in Law, University of London) published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London
Who performs better? AVMs vs hedonic models
Get PDFPurpose: In the literature there are numerous tests that compare the accuracy of automated valuation models (AVMs). These models first train themselves with price data and property characteristics, then they are tested by measuring their ability to predict prices. Most of them compare the effectiveness of traditional econometric models against the use of machine learning algorithms. Although the latter seem to offer better performance, there is not yet a complete survey of the literature to confirm the hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach: All tests comparing regression analysis and AVMs machine learning on the same data set have been identified. The scores obtained in terms of accuracy were then compared with each other. Findings: Machine learning models are more accurate than traditional regression analysis in their ability to predict value. Nevertheless, many authors point out as their limit their black box nature and their poor inferential abilities. Practical implications: AVMs machine learning offers a huge advantage for all real estate operators who know and can use them. Their use in public policy or litigation can be critical. Originality/value: According to the author, this is the first systematic review that collects all the articles produced on the subject done comparing the results obtained
The Cross Validation in Automated Valuation Models: A Proposal for Use
No full textThe appraisal of large amounts of properties is often entrusted to Automated Valuation Models (AVM). At one time, only econometric models were used for this purpose. More recently, also machine learning models are used in mass appraisal techniques. The literature has devoted much attention to assessing the performance capabilities of these models. Verification tests first train a model on a training set, then measure the prediction error of the model on a set of data not met before: the testing set. The prediction error is measured with an accuracy indicator. However, verification on the testing set alone may be insufficient to describe the model’s performance. In addition, it may not detect the existence of model bias such as overfitting. This research proposes the use of cross validation to provide a more complete and effective evaluation of models. Ten-fold cross validation is used within 5 models (linear regression, regression tree, random forest, nearest neighbors, multilayer perception) in the assessment of 1,400 properties in the city of Turin. The results obtained during validation provide additional information for the evaluation of the models. This information cannot be provided by the accuracy measurement when considered alone
Evaluating avms performance. beyond the accuracy
No full textAutomated Valuation Models (AVMs) are regularly used in mass appraisal techniques. Thanks to developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithms are increasingly being used alongside traditional econometric models. The final phase in the definition of the models consists in the verification phase of the results elaborated by Avm. The predictive effectiveness tests evaluate the models trained on part of the dataset (the training set) and then measure their ability to predict the remaining values of the dataset (testing set). This verification methodology provides as final output the accuracy parameter, i.e. the difference between predicted prices and actual prices. According to many authors this parameter, if considered alone, is insufficient. The research consists in an accuracy test of 5 Avm in the ability to predict the values of 1038 properties in the city of Padua. To the accuracy results of the test are added the results of cross-validation and the use of different statistical indicators for the measurement of predictive effectiveness. The results provide useful information that broadens the framework of model knowledge. They can be used in the analysis and description of automated evaluation models
Pastoralità ed educazione.L'episcopato di Agostino Valier nella Verona post-tridentina,2 voll.pp.495 e pp.459.
No full textattenta ricostruzione dell'attività pastorale,41 anni tra 1565 e 1606, del vescovo Valier a Verona
The architectures of failure. Strategies and techniques for reusing unfinished projects
No full textThe increase in the rate of insolvency of mortgage loans, due to the context of global crisis, has increased the number of unfinished buildings. These areas are financially deficits and sources of negative externalities from an urban point of view. The solution can be offered by reuse projects that transform the forms and functions of previous projects, which have proved incapable of generating utility and profitability. The research investigates whether from some project experiences in Italy it is possible to find valid strategies for the category. Two guidelines for intervention are outlined: Reuse or demolition. The choice also exploits the potential of urban planning tools that, conceived for the expansion phase of cities, offer new possibilities even in the regeneration phase
New value from stalled real estate investments. Empirical evidences from some Italian experiences.
Get PDFThe recent economic global crisis has raised the default rate of mortgage loans. Real estate assets -buildings or areas- set as collateral for mortgages encounter numerous difficulties during the liquidation phase. They can remain in disuse without meeting any possible purchaser or they can be sold at an auctioned price much lower than the book value. However, some developers may see investment opportunities in these areas and undertake processes of value extraction. These subjects undertake processes of value extraction from these areas. This research aims to investigate whether the strategies and experiences of urban transformation can find valid strategies for the valorisation of these assets. Information derived from transformation works on unfinished buildings have been used as data set. For the purposes of the investigation, the stalled real estate investments were the closest representative comparable to the characteristics of real estate collaterals in non performing loans. The result is the elaboration of a grounded theory that theorizes three intervention guidelines for these assets, not based only on market indicators but also exploiting the potential of urban planning tools such as the transfer of development rights
Valier, Agostino
No full textBreve biografia di Agostino Valier (1531-1606), filosofo, vescovo e poi cardinale
Jurisprudence - the bystander to crime
Get PDFThe author raises questions about the
predicament of a bystander to a serious crime who does not
intervene to oppose it. Article by Claire Valier (Lecturer in
Law, University of London) published in Amicus Curiae - Journal
of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is
produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the
Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of
London
Agostino Valier, Retórica eclesiástica
Get PDFAgostino Valier, Retórica eclesiástica. Preliminary study and traduction by Manuel López-Muñoz. Almería: Editorial Universidad de Almería, Colección Clásicos recuperados, 2015. 267 pp. ISBN: 978-84-16027-79-8.Agostino Valier, Retórica eclesiástica. Estudio preliminar y traducción de Manuel López-Muñoz. Almería: Editorial Universidad de Almería, Colección Clásicos recuperados, 2015. 267 pp. ISBN: 978-84-16027-79-8.Agostino Valier, Retórica eclesiástica. Étude préliminaire et traduction par Manuel López-Muñoz. Almería: Editorial Universidad de Almería, Colección Clásicos recuperados, 2015. 267 pp. ISBN: 978-84-16027-79-8
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