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ASSESSMENT OF THE NEED FOR ASSISTANCE IN DETERMINING SOCIAL SERVICES AND SUPPORT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
No full textLõputöö eesmärk on analüüsida sotsiaaltöö spetsialistide abivajaduse hindamise läbiviimise kogemuste kooskõla teooria ja õiguslike alustega.
Tulemustest lähtuvalt saab öelda, et uurimuses osalenud sotsiaalhoolekande spetsialistid lähtuvad inimese abivajaduse terviklikus hindamises sotsiaalhoolekande seaduse poolt välja toodud alustest ja põhimõtetest.
Seadus kohustab võtma abivajaduse hindamisel arvesse inimese toimetulekut ja ühiskonnaelus osalemist mõjutavaid asjaolusid, sh personaalse tegevusvõimega ning füüsilise ja sotsiaalse elukeskkonnaga seonduvaid asjaolusid. Tulemustest selgus, et spetsialistid võtavad abivajaduse hindamisel neid komponente arvesse. Samuti keskenduvad nad abivajaduse hindamisel viiele STAR programmis olevale hindamisvaldkonnale, milleks on: 1) milleks on suhted sotsiaalvõrgustikuga, 2) majanduslik olukord, 3) eluase ja elukeskkond, 4) tervislik seisund ja elustiil, 5) töötamine ja õppimine.
Lisaks selgus uurimistulemustest, et spetsialistid järgivad abivajaduse hindamise protsessis sotsiaalhoolekande põhimõtteid. Näiteks rõhutab sotsiaalhoolekande seadus inimese kaasamise, kuulamise, tema arvamuse arvestamise ja nõustamise põhimõtet. Spetsialistide jaoks on vestlus inimesega üks peamisi ja olulisemaid komponente abivajaduse hindamise protsessis, sh arvestatakse vastavalt võimalusele inimese arvamusega. Siiski on abivajaduse hindamine laiem ning olenemata inimese enda seisukohast hinnatakse abivajadust terviklikult.
Puudusena märkas autor, et spetsialistid ei käsitlenud hooldaja toetusvajaduse välja selgitamise komponente, kuid sellest lähtuvalt ei saa üheselt väite, et spetsialistid seda põhimõtet ei järgi.
Kõrvutades sotsiaaltöö teooriaid ja uurimistulemusi saab kokkuvõtvalt öelda, et erinevad alusteooriad toetavad abivajaduse hindamist. Antud uurimistöös võeti aluseks kriisiteooria ning Maslow’i vajaduste hierarhia. Nende alusteooriate tundmine võimaldab sotsiaaltöötajal mõista, kuidas ja miks on oluline abivajadust terviklikult hinnata ning abivajajale tagada just temale sobiv sotsiaalteenus või -toetus. Inimene ise vastutab, motivatsioon ise edaspidi hakkama saada tuleb temalt.
Uurimistulemustest lähtuvalt saab öelda, et Maslow teooria on sotsiaaltöö spetsialistidele inimese abivajaduse hindamisel ja abimeetme valimisel aluseks. Intervjuudest selgus, et abivajaduse rahuldamisel keskendutakse esmalt Maslow skeemi madalamatele osadele, st füsioloogilised ja turvalisuse vajadused ning seejärel on võimalik liikuda kõrgemale. Kui inimesel ei ole füsioloogilised vajadused rahuldatud, siis tal puudub motivatsioon järgmiste vajaduste rahuldamiseni püüelda. Sotsiaaltöötaja peab hindama, milline vajadus inimesel on ning pakkuma tuge ning jõustamist kliendist lähtuvalt.
Läbi kriisiteooria on võimalik aru saada, millises kriisitüübis võib klient hetkel olla. Peamiselt puutuvad sotsiaaltöötajad kokku klientidega, kellel on kas arengukriis (iseseisvumine, lapse sünd, muutused rollides) või situatsiooniline (majanduslik) kriisivorm.
Tulenevalt uurimistulemustest ja uurimuses osalenud spetsialistide väljakutse kohtadest ja ettepanekutest teeb autor kaks peamist ettepanekut.
Uurimuses osalenud spetsialistide jaoks on oluline ühtne hindamisinstrument, mida tänasel hetkel ühtse alusena abivajaduse hindamise juures ei ole. Kuivõrd näeb ka autor, et kvaliteedi ühtlustamise aspektist lähtuvalt tagaks ühtne hindamisvahend objektiivsema ja terviklikuma abivajaduse hindamise, teeb autor ettepaneku sotsiaalhoolekande valdkonna poliitikakujundajatele töötada välja ühtne hindamisinstrument, mis oleks aluseks üle Eesti abivajaduse hindamise kontekstis.
Lisaks tõid uurimuses osalenud spetsialistid välja, et sooviksid senisest rohkem vahetada praktilisi kogemusi teiste sotsiaalhoolekande kolleegidega. Sellest tulenevalt teeb autor ettepaneku kohalike omavalitsuste sotsiaalvaldkonna juhtidele ja sotsiaalvaldkonna poliitikakujundajatele korraldada ühiseid regionaalseid või üle-Eestilisi kovisioone, supervisioone ning koostöökohtumisi.
Autori hinnangul sai käesoleva töö eesmärk täidetud ning autor sai selgitada välja, kuidas ühtib sotsiaaltöö spetsialistide kogemustega abivajaduse terviklikul hindamisel, seaduses sätestatud aluste ja põhimõtete ning sotsiaaltöö teooriatega kohalikes omavalitustes. Inimesel jääb lõpuks ikkagi õigus, vabadus ja vastutus, teha oma elu puudutavad valikud.This research paper focuses on assessing the need for social services and support in local government in Estonia. The aim of the study is to analyze the assessment of social work specialists in local government in accordance with theories and legal bases for better implementation. Social justice, human rights, respect for diversity, and collective responsibility are of utmost importance in social work.
The research consists of three main parts. In the first part, the author provides an overview of the allocation of social services and supports, relevant underlying theories, social services and supports available in Estonia's local governments, and legal bases related to them. The second part of the research highlights the research objective, research tasks, and methods of data collection and analysis. In the third part of the research, the author provides an overview of the research findings and discusses the most significant results.
The research used a qualitative research method, where structured written interviews were used to collect data. The written interviews were conducted among social work specialists in Estonian local governments in February 2023. A total of 7 social work specialists participated in the study. Thematic analysis and question-based analysis were used to analyze the collected data.
The research findings reveal that the primary component of assessing the need for social services and supports is through a conversation with the individual, taking into account their opinion but not solely. The assessment mainly focuses on five categories: social network relationships, economic situation, housing and living environment, health status and lifestyle, work, and education. This approach is in line with both the underlying theories and legal bases. Family is also involved in the assessment, which is also in line with legal requirements. However, it was not observed that the support needs of family members or caregivers were evaluated, which legal bases require.
The assessment of the need for social services and supports is related to Maslow's theory, and it became evident that when starting to evaluate the need in local government, priority is given to basic needs, and then they move on to the next sectors of the needs pyramid. Social work specialists deal with developmental crises the most, as defined in crisis theory, such as job loss, childbirth, graduation, illness, aging, and situational crises, which encompass an overwhelmingly sudden event that exceeds the client's normal coping level, such as a traffic accident, sudden loss, mourning, etc.
Based on the research results, the author makes two main recommendations:
• Social work policy makers should develop a unified assessment tool that would serve as a basis for social workers in assessing the need for assistance, ensuring more consistent quality and a more objective and comprehensive assessment of the need for assistance.
• Local government social sector leaders and policy makers should organize joint regional or national supervision and collaboration meetings, allowing professionals to exchange practical experiences.
According to the author, the objective of this work has been achieved and it has been found how the social worker's comprehensive assessment of the need for assistance corresponds to the legal foundations, principles, and social work theories. Ultimately, it is still a person's right, freedom, and responsibility to make choices that affect their life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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