1,720,971 research outputs found
Microbiological stability and quality properties of Cannellini beans processed by Conventional and Ohmic Heating
No full textThe effect of ohmic and in-container sterilization process on the safety and quality attributes of cannellini
beans in liquid was investigated.
Each 100 g of the product under examination contained 53 g of beans, previously subjected to soaking in
tap water for 12 h and then pre-heated at 70 °C, and 43 g of sodium chloride solution (1g/100ml). The
solid-liquid mixture was sterilized at 121 °C for 10, 15 and 20 min in either autoclave or in a 15 kW batch
ohmic system. The parameters measured immediately before and after thermal treatments were: total
microbial count, yeasts and molds, texture (hardness and split degree), and chemical composition
(moisture, ash, fat, proteins and carbohydrates).
The experimental results have shown that, regardless the thermal method and treatment conditions the
initial microbial spoilage was reduced up to below the detection limit of the method (<10 cfu/ml). When
compared to the beans sterilized by conventional treatment, the samples treated by the ohmic method
appeared of attractive appearance, with interesting firmness properties and a lower split degree. The
analyses of the chemical composition revealed a higher proteins concentration in sample processed by
ohmic heating than those treated by conventional method
Set up of a batch Ohmic Heating system for sterilization of solid-liquid mixture
No full textIn present work a batch ohmic heating plant was designed and set up with the aim to obtain a flexible
system able to reproduce the three phases (heating, holding and cooling) of a thermal treatment of food
matrices, in a wide range of product factor as well as electrical and thermal parameters.
The realized system consists of a 15 kW power generator able to deliver electric current in the form of
bipolar square wave at 25 kHz to a food matrices (liquid or particulate-liquid product) placed into a batch
ohmic heater made of a cylindrical Peek tube (7.6 cm in diameter, 20 cm in length) closed at the ends
with two inox electrodes. The electrodes were provided with an internal cavity in which, during the
cooling phase, water-ethylene glycol solution was recirculated from an external refrigerated bath.
Auxiliary devices were employed for control and measurements of the process parameters.
Preliminary tests were carried out to assess the performance of the ohmic system by heating sodium
chloride solutions of different concentrations (0.1-0.50% (w/v)) in a wide range of operative variables
such as peak voltage (100-1500Vpk), holding temperature (90-121°C), heating time (60-180 s) and
electrical conductivity (1-5 mS/cm). Optimal settings of the operative variables were found for different
processing conditions
The use of soaking and blanching pre-treatments to improve Ohmic heating uniformity of beans–liquid mixtures
No full textIn this work cannellini beans were pre-treated by either blanching or soaking in salt solutions with the
aim to improve the ohmic heating uniformity of beans-liquid mixture.
Dry beans were pretreated by either soaking (12 h) in sodium chloride solutions of different concentration
(0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1 and 1.5 g/100mL) or blanched for different length of times (35 and 50 s) in a water
bath set at 90°C after soaking (12 h) in tap water. Heating curves of solid-liquid mixtures of different
pre-treated beans to salt solution (1 g/100mL) ratio (60g of beans/100g of mixture and 53g of
beans/100g of mixture) were determined in a static ohmic heating device by applying a constant voltage
of 100V.
Results showed that the ohmic heating rate of beans increased with increasing the salt concentration of
the soaking solution as well as the blanching time as a direct result of the increase of electrical
conductivity. The higher was the solid-liquid ratio, the greater was the heating rate of solid phase.
Optimal pre-treatment conditions, which allowed the ohmic heating of both phases of solid-liquid mixture
at comparable rate, were found when beans were pre-treated either by soaking in solutions with salt
concentration of either 0.5 g/100mL (60g of beans/100g of mixture) or 1.5 g/100mL (53g of beans/100g
of mixture), or when blanched for 50 s at 90°C (53g of beans/100g of mixture)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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