1,721,084 research outputs found
European Attitudes Towards Immigrants: Exploring Anti-Immigrant Attitudes and Welfare Chauvinism in Contemporary Europe
Full text linkThis doctoral thesis investigates different aspects of attitudes towards immigrants in contemporary Europe. It explores welfare chauvinism, anti-immigrant attitudes, anti-Muslim attitudes and racist attitudes. This is done on several different levels across four peer-reviewed articles. It begins with an article investigating anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim attitudes in 34 European countries across a 27-year time period. Following this, the next article explores welfare chauvinism across 19 European countries in 2016. Finally, the two remaining articles each explore welfare chauvinistic and racist attitudes, respectively, in what is often considered the most tolerant and intolerant parts of Europe, the Nordic countries and Central and Eastern Europe.
The main findings of this doctoral thesis provide insight into how individuals respond to immigration across countries and thereby contribute to the understanding of how to alleviate tension between immigrants and members of the majority populations. Several conclusions can be drawn. The first of these is that there is a worrying trend of intolerance towards outgroups in Eastern Europe, which has continued to grow since 1999. In Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic, high levels of intolerance towards immigrants with a different skin colour can also be found across the political spectrum before the refugee crisis of 2015–2016. I explain that this is largely due to the low levels of immigration in Eastern Europe, which prevents intergroup contact to break some of the stereotypes majority populations have towards immigrants. In contrast, Western European countries have a long history of immigration, and another prevalent finding is that Western Europeans are becoming increasingly tolerant of immigrants.
This thesis also investigates welfare chauvinism in Europe and finds that the more objective macroeconomic conditions of a country are poor predictors of welfare chauvinistic attitudes. Individuals’ perceptions of macroeconomic conditions, such as the economic situation of the country and the state of the health services, seem to be more relevant for understanding the phenomenon. This is important, as individuals often have flawed perceptions of reality. In the Nordic region, welfare chauvinism was found to be mostly directed towards culturally dissimilar immigrants. Additionally, the most exclusionary form of welfare chauvinism appears to be almost non-existent among countries in this region, whereas a more moderate form is very prevalent. It also needs emphasizing that these moderate forms of welfare chauvinism are more exclusionary than current policies are in all three of the countries sampled, which may indicate declining support for the Nordic universal welfare state
DAY CARE AS AN INTEGRATIONAL ARENA AND INCLUSIVE ENVIRONMENT: Newcomer Migrant Girls’ Sociocultural Transitions and Negotiations of Identity, Home and Belonging
Full text linkAt an overall level, this thesis positions itself within the tradition of social work, addressing day care as an integrational and environment for newcomer migrant girls. The research approach is anchored within the interpretivist/constructionist research paradigm and in line with the underlying principles of the sociology of childhood. The theoretical background draws on but is not limited to sociology, cultural studies and social psychology. Inspired by social and structural theory, as represented within and through the sociology of childhood, this thesis asks: What facilitates newcomer migrant girls’ integration and inclusion in everyday social reality in day care? Setting scope on the everyday lives of two newcomer migrant girls (4 years old) in a Norwegian day care institution, the girls have been observed and interacted with over a nine-month period (September 2013–June 2014).
Participatory observation and participatory methods are combined with open video observation for documenting and investigating the girls’ everyday sociocultural transitions. With particular interest on how, in everyday life, newcomer children’s personal problems are interlaced with structural issues (Alanen, Brooker, & Mayall, 2015), the thesis highlights the complexity of in particular these two girls’ everyday social struggles, adapting to a highly dynamic and evolving environment.
This thesis reveals the girls as being active participants in their multi-layered and complex transitions characterised by continuous negotiations of identity, home and belonging. The overarching aim of this thesis is to contribute to the early childhood migration discourse, using its findings as a means to strengthen the care environment for newcomer migrant children and building respect for childhood diversity.
Through detailed qualitative analysis of small sample sizes of selected empirical data, the data are used to illustrate aspects of the two newcomer girls’ everyday worlds. The four articles written for and presented within the thesis address the intersection between what facilitated the girls’ integration and inclusion in everyday social reality by highlighting how equal opportunities for integration and inclusion depended on not only the girls’ ability to negotiate identity, home and belonging with both peers and practitioners, but also receiving opportunities to do so.
The contributions of the thesis are a set of considerations viewing newcomer children as active social agents within their transitioning processes in day care, understanding day care to be a social sphere consisting of multiple fields characterised by social struggle. The thesis underscores how newcomer children are integrated into day care peer communities yet are required to negotiate their inclusion through actively positioning themselves—and others—in such ways that they achieve status.
Having negotiated a status such as that of an insider, they then can actively begin to construct and re-construct their cultural identity, re-establishing the relational dimensions of home and belonging
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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