2,668 research outputs found
Economic–Sanitation–Environmental (Dis)Connections in Brazil : A Trans‐Scale Perspective From Minas Gerais State and BH Microregion
No full textAcknowledgments The authors thank the careful revision by the anonymous peer‐reviewers and editors. Funding Norma Valencio and Murilo S. Baptista acknowledge the Royal Society grant CHL\R1\180122. Norma Valencio acknowledges the grant 2022/09136–1, S. Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the Research Productivity grant 315237/2020–1, National Council for Science and Technology Development (CNPq). Arthur Valencio acknowledges the grant 2023/07235–5 (part of CPE Grant No. 2019/12553–0), S. Research Foundation (FAPESP). Gabriel G. Carvalho acknowledges the grant 2023/03000–3 (part of AP.ESCIENCE.R Grant No. 2022/09136–1), S. Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).Peer reviewe
How to forget? Memories of an experienced disaster
No full textNo Brasil, os desastres relacionados às chuvas são recorrentes visto que estes compõem, aproximadamente, um quarto dos eventos oficialmente registrados (VALENCIO; VALENCIO, 2010). A ineficácia em torno das atuações para mitigação dos desastres torna este cenário preocupante, visto que no período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2013, foram decretadas 20.766 portarias de reconhecimento de Situação de Emergência e Estado de Calamidade Pública no país. Na perspectiva das Ciências Sociais, o desastre consiste em um acontecimento multidimensional, que possui caráter social, ambiental, cultural, político, econômico, físico ou tecnológico (OLIVER-SMITH, 1998), e que não pode ser compreendido, portanto, como evento pontual, por deflagrar uma crise instaurada no corpo social (VALENCIO, 2012a). Em vista de compreender as dimensões materiais e simbólicas do desastre, o presente trabalho analisou a memória social de idosos em relação ao desastre deflagrado no município de São Luiz do Paraitinga/SP em janeiro de 2010, sob uma perspectiva do desastre vivenciado (MARTINS, 1992, 2000). Este estudo se caracterizou como pesquisa sociológica de base qualitativa, consistindo em três partes, a saber: a revisão bibliográfica, a pesquisa documental, e a pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa bibliográfica, consistiu na análise dos principais autores no tema de desastres, vida cotidiana, memória social e idosos. Já a pesquisa documental, caracterizou-se pela preparação e fundamentação para a pesquisa de campo, por meio da análise do discurso institucional sobre o desastre no município de São Luiz do Paraitinga/SP. E, a pesquisa de campo, foi realizada a partir da observação direta e participante, da coleta de relatos orais (QUEIROZ, 1987) e da fotodocumentação (MARTINS, 2008). A partir dos resultados analisados, após quatro anos do chamado dia do desastre, percebeu-se que este ainda permanece na vida dos que o vivenciaram (VALENCIO, 2012a). Além da reconstrução no plano material, no plano simbólico, os medos e anseios ressurgem ao relembrar aspectos essenciais de um modo de vida que foi perturbado. Com isso, as pessoas já não se reconhecem no território, caracterizando-se, portanto como um processo de desrritualização, o qual desfaz diversos significados dentro da estrutura simbólica (THORNBURG; KNOTTNERUS; WEBB, 2007). E, de modo geral, a memória do desastre vivenciado se configura, por meio da conciliação entre as memórias oficiais e as individuais (POLLAK, 1992). Sendo assim, são pelos desencontros, pelas constantes rupturas, construções e reelaborações do passado, forjados pelos diferentes sujeitos, que a memória social acontece. Tal memória não permanece intacta nem coesa, pois é uma constante representação de algo já vivido e reacomodado.In Brazil, the rain related disasters are recurrent since these represent, approximately, one-fourth of events officially registered (VALENCIO; VALENCIO, 2010). The ineffectiveness around the work for mitigation of disasters makes this a troubling scenario, since in the southeast of Brazil, from January 2003 to December 2013, were enacted 20.766 administrative rules in the Recognition of Emergency and State of Public Calamity. From the perspective of the social sciences, disaster consists of a multidimensional event that has social, environmental, cultural, political, economic, physical or technological (OLIVER-SMITH, 1998) aspects, and cannot be understood as a punctual event by triggering a crisis into the social structure (VALENCIO, 2012a).In order to understand the material and symbolic dimensions of disaster, this dissertation analyzed the social memory of the elderly regarding the disaster happened in São Luiz do Paraitinga / SP in January 2010, from the perspective of experienced disaster (MARTINS, 1992 , 2000).This study was characterized as a qualitative sociological research base, consisting of three parts, namely: literature review, desk research and field research. The bibliographic research consisted in the analysis of the main authors on the topic of disaster, everyday life, social memory and the elderly people. The desk research was characterized by the preparation and justification for field research, by analyzing the institutional speech about the disaster in São Luiz do Paraitinga / SP. And the fieldwork was done from direct and participant observation, the collection of oral histories (QUEIROZ, 1987) and photo documentation (MARTINS, 2008). From the analyzed results, after four years since the day of the disaster, it was noticed that this still remains in the lives of those who experienced it (VALENCIO, 2012a).Besides the material reconstitution, on the symbolic level, the fears and anxieties rise in recalling key aspects of a way of life that has been disturbed. Therefore, people no longer recognizes themselves in the territory, characterized, thus, as a process of deritualization, which undoes many meanings within the symbolic structure (THORNBURG; KNOTTNERUS; WEBB, 2007). And, generally, the memory of experienced disaster is configured by means of conciliation between official and individual memories (POLLAK, 1992). Thus, due to divergence, constant disruptions, constructions and reworkings of the past, constructed by different individuals, that social memory happens. Such memory does not remain intact nor cohesive as it is a constant representation of something already lived and resettled
Organization politicize-institutional front to the risks of the modernity: the brazilian case
No full textEsta pesquisa tem como objeto principal caracterizar a sociedade de risco e analisar a organização político-institucional de resposta à vulnerabilidade. A sociedade que constrói perigos tecnológicos e convive com os perigos naturais, estrutura-se para minimizar, reduzir ou eliminar os impactos causados por estes processos com perdas de vidas e econômicas de grandes perdas através da forma institucional denominada defesa civil. A partir das bases conceituais da teoria sociológica contemporânea, discute-se a efetividade do Estado para reduzir tais riscos e mitigar desastres, focalizando-se o caso Brasil mas, em especial, o caso do município de São Carlos/SP. Os procedimentos de pesquisa social utilizada formam: a) síntese da literatura no tema de riscos na sociologia: Anthony Guiddens, Milton Santos, Ulrich Beck, Scott Lash, Norma Felicidade da Silva Valencio, e outros; b) síntese de pesquisa na análise dos riscos no território: Eduardo Mario Mendiondo, Ishoaqui Shimbo,Masato Kobiyama, Nivaldo Nale e Pedro Caballero; c) síntese de pesquisa documental e análise institucional, registros oficiais de orgãos constituintes do Sistema Nacional de Defesa Civil (SINDEC), além de documentos de instuições internacionais de proteção civil e fontes jornalísticas, e outros. Comprovou-se que existe uma baixa reflexividade na produção social do espaço e em decorrência, baixa efetividade das políticas de emergência centenárias que se repetem privilegiando um enfoque equivocado do problema e suas soluções, revelando um novo-velho desastre a cada evento. A partir dos resultados é possivel propor soluções e recomendações de políticas públicas relacionadas com a proteção civil.This research has for main object to characterize the risk society and to analyze the politicize-institutional organization of answer to the vulnerability. The society built technological dangers and lives together with the natural dangers, it is structured to minimize, to reduce or to eliminate the impacts caused by these processes with losses of lives and economical of big sets up through the form denominated institutional civil defense. Starting from the conceptual bases of the contemporary sociological theory, the effectiveness of the state is discussed to reduce such risks and to mitigate disasters, being focalized the case Brazil but, especially, the case of the municipal district of São Carlos/SP. The procedures of used social research were: a) research synthesis of the literature in the used social theme were: Anthony Guiddens, Milton Santos, Ulrich Beck, Scott Lash, Norma Felicidade da Silva Valencio, and others; b) research synthesis in the analysis of the risks in the territory: Eduardo Mario Mendiondo, Ioshoaqui Shimbo, Masato Kobiyama, Nivaldo Nale e Pedro Caballero, and others; c) research synthesis of documental research and institutional analysis, official registrations of constituent organs of the National System of Civil Defense and sources journalistic, and other. We was proven that a low reflexivity exists in the social production of the space and in consequence, low effectiveness of the centennial emergency politics that one repeat privileging a mistaken focus of the problem and your solutions, revealing a new-old disaster to each event. Starting from the results it is possible to propose solutions and recommendations of public politics related with the civil protection
Aviltamento Sanitário::negligência institucional e práticas sociometabólicas na mesorregião belo-horizontina
No full textThis study investigates sanitation inequalities in vulnerable communities within the mesoregion of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, highlighting how institutional neglect perpetuates sociospatial inequalities and social exclusion. Using photographic compositions and qualitative methods, the study examines the material and symbolic conditions associated with sanitation precarity, focusing on water supply, waste management, urban drainage, and domestic sanitation spaces. The findings emphasize the importance of heterogeneous infrastructureconfigurations and socio-metabolic practices in understanding local strategies of adaptation and resistance. The research underscores the need for inclusive and adaptive public policies that promote environmental justice and ensure the universal right to basic sanitation
The Bibliographic Concept of Work in Cataloguing and its Issues
No full textThis report explores the IFLA’s document Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). It discusses the notion of work in cataloguing as it was built since the 1950s, inasmuch this notion constitutes the conceptual framework for the proposal. Also, the entity-relationship database modeling (ERDM) system is described as far as such model provides to FRBR the operative elements that make it functional. ERDM gives to FRBR a user-centered approach as well. In its third chapter, the report tests the FRBR model through its application to a set of items belonging to the novel Rayuela, by Julio Cortázar, held at the Benson Latin American Collection of the University of Texas at Austin. Finally, some critical issues are raised along with general conclusions regarding the functionality of the mode
Aviltamento Sanitário::negligência institucional e práticas sociometabólicas na mesorregião belo-horizontina
No full textThis study investigates sanitation inequalities in vulnerable communities within the mesoregion of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, highlighting how institutional neglect perpetuates sociospatial inequalities and social exclusion. Using photographic compositions and qualitative methods, the study examines the material and symbolic conditions associated with sanitation precarity, focusing on water supply, waste management, urban drainage, and domestic sanitation spaces. The findings emphasize the importance of heterogeneous infrastructureconfigurations and socio-metabolic practices in understanding local strategies of adaptation and resistance. The research underscores the need for inclusive and adaptive public policies that promote environmental justice and ensure the universal right to basic sanitation
Aviltamento Sanitário::negligência institucional e práticas sociometabólicas na mesorregião belo-horizontina
No full textThis study investigates sanitation inequalities in vulnerable communities within the mesoregion of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, highlighting how institutional neglect perpetuates sociospatial inequalities and social exclusion. Using photographic compositions and qualitative methods, the study examines the material and symbolic conditions associated with sanitation precarity, focusing on water supply, waste management, urban drainage, and domestic sanitation spaces. The findings emphasize the importance of heterogeneous infrastructureconfigurations and socio-metabolic practices in understanding local strategies of adaptation and resistance. The research underscores the need for inclusive and adaptive public policies that promote environmental justice and ensure the universal right to basic sanitation
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