1,720,954 research outputs found
Avaliação experimental da eficácia de sombreamento de sistemas de vegetação vertical
Get PDF A natural strategy to improve the microclimate of buildings is the use of vertical vegetation systems. Such systems cast shadows on walls, minimizing the rise in temperature on the adjacent surface and the heat gain in the building. Simultaneously, they help restore vegetation eliminated by urban occupation. This research assessed the thermal contribution of vertical vegetation systems as shading elements for buildings in the bioclimatic zone 2. Three already constructed environments with similar characteristics and solar orientation were selected, with the only variation being the shading system on one of the walls. In the first building, a living wall was installed; in the second, a green facade; and the third didn´t get no intervention. To evaluate the shading effect provided by each system, the following environmental variables were measured: internal air temperature, internal and external surface temperatures, and globe temperature. The results obtained confirm the benefit of vertical vegetation systems as a strategy for reducing the internal temperature of the building. The temperature reduction achieved with the living wall was 18.5°C during the monitored period. The reduction in surface temperature of the wall protected by the green facade was 13.3°C during the fall, at times when temperatures are higher, with a low solar inclination relative to the facade. However, in colder periods, the three environments behaved similarly, confirming that vertical vegetation systems contribute to reducing peaks in internal temperature without compromising the passive solar heating needed during cold weather.Uma estratégia natural para melhorar o microclima das edificações é a utilização de sistemas de vegetação verticais. Tais sistemas produzem sombra nas paredes, minimizando o aumento da temperatura na superfície adjacente e o ganho de calor no edifício. Simultaneamente, ajudam a restaurar a vegetação eliminada pela ocupação urbana. Esta pesquisa avaliou a contribuição térmica dos sistemas de vegetação verticais como elemento de sombreamento para edificações na zona bioclimática 2. Foram selecionados três ambientes já construídos, com características e orientação solar semelhantes, tendo como única variação o sistema de sombreamento de uma das paredes. Na primeira edificação foi instalada uma parede viva; na segunda, uma fachada verde; e a terceira não sofreu intervenção. Para avaliar o efeito do sombreamento proporcionado por cada sistema foram medidas as seguintes variáveis ambientais: temperatura do ar interno, temperatura superficial interna e externa, e temperatura de globo. Os resultados obtidos comprovam o benefício dos sistemas de vegetação vertical como estratégia para redução da temperatura interna da edificação. A redução obtida com a parede viva foi de 18,5°C no período monitorado. A redução de temperatura superficial da parede protegida pela fachada verde foi de 13,3°C durante o outono, nos horários em que as temperaturas são mais elevadas, com baixa inclinação solar em relação à fachada. No entanto, nos períodos mais frios, os três ambientes comportaram-se de forma semelhante, confirmando que os sistemas de vegetação vertical contribuem para reduzir os picos de temperatura interna, sem prejuízo ao aquecimento solar passivo necessário durante o frio
Development of solar collector constructed with material from solid waste from graphic industries
No full textEnvironmental degradation is a major problem in today's society and it’s necessary to seek alternatives to mitigate man-made impacts on the environment through sustainable, viable solutions that see the reuse of materials that are usually discarded, contaminating and / or polluting the environment. This context, this work has as main objective, to develop a solar collector with materials of low cost and recyclable. The proposed collector differs from other alternative collectors by being constructed with the reuse of aluminum sheets, derived from compensated, used in several graphic industries. In this way, these chapters were adapted in a solar collector to function like fins, at the same time that they were associated to PVC pipes, forming a system of capture of high efficiency. Analysis of the feasibility of the proposed solar collector, were extra the experiences, divided into two categories. In the experiment without breath and without experiment with fin, the tests were in baptized regime and without complete experiment, the test was passive in continuous regime. Comparing the results of the experiment with and without fin, it was possible to verify if there is a source of water to reach a higher temperature. No complete experiment, published in all its studied aspects, had a thermal gain during the day. As a result of the console, it was found that the system increased 1 ° C at the reservoir temperature from the initial temperature. In this way, the experiments indicated a feasibility of using the proposed solar collector as a way of reducing the consumption of electric energy for water heating. In a general context, the study had a new alternative of recyclable material for use in low-cost heating systems, thus promoting sustainable development. The benefits and implementation of the survey should be widely disseminated, especially among the low-income population.A degradação ambiental é um grande problema da sociedade atual, sendo necessário buscar alternativas para mitigar os impactos negativos gerados pelo homem sobre o meio ambiente, através de soluções sustentáveis, viáveis e que visa o reuso de materiais que usualmente são descartados, contaminando e/ou poluindo o meio ambiente. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo, desenvolver um captador solar construído com materiais de baixo custo e recicláveis. O coletor proposto, diferencia-se de outros coletores alternativos por ser construído com o reuso de chapas de alumínio, provenientes de impressoras offset, utilizadas em diversas indústrias gráficas. Desta forma, tais chapas foram adaptadas no captador solar para funcionarem como aletas, que ao se associarem com as tubulações de PVC, formaram um sistema de captação de elevada eficiência. Para análise da viabilidade do captador solar proposto, foram realizados três experimentos, divididos em duas categorias. No experimento sem aleta e no experimento com aleta, os ensaios foram em regime batelada e no experimento completo, o ensaio foi passivo em regime contínuo. Através dos resultados do experimento sem e com aleta, foi possível verificar que a aleta é funcional para a água atingir uma temperatura mais alta. No experimento completo, percebeu-se que em todos os períodos estudados, houve ganho térmico durante o dia. Como melhores resultados, verificou-se que o sistema aumentou 1 ºC na temperatura do reservatório em relação a temperatura inicial. Desta forma, os experimentos indicaram a viabilidade da utilização do coletor solar proposto, como uma excelente forma de reduzir o consumo de energia elétrica para o aquecimento de água. Em um contexto geral, o estudo trouxe uma nova alternativa de material reaproveitável para utilização no desenvolvimento de sistemas de aquecimento de baixo custo, promovendo, desta forma, o desenvolvimento sustentável. Os benefícios e a implementação do captador devem ser disseminados amplamente, em especial entre a população de baixa renda
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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