1,721,040 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Development of a primary cell model derived from porcine dorsal soft palate for foot-and-mouth disease virus research and diagnosis
Get PDFFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals that has a significant socio-economic impact. One concern associated with this disease is the ability of its etiological agent, the FMD virus (FMDV), to persist in its hosts through underlying mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. While persistence has been described in cattle and small ruminants, it is unlikely to occur in pigs. One of the factors limiting the progress in understanding FMDV persistence and, in particular, differential persistence is the lack of suitable in vitro models. A primary bovine cell model derived from the dorsal soft palate, which is the primary site of replication and persistence of FMDV in cattle, has been developed, and it seemed relevant to develop a similar porcine model. Cells from two sites of FMDV replication in pigs, namely, the dorsal soft palate and the oropharyngeal tonsils, were isolated and cultured. The epithelial character of the cells from the dorsal soft palate was then assessed by immunofluorescence. The FMDV-sensitivity of these cells was assessed after monolayer infection with FMDV O/FRA/1/2001 Clone 2.2. These cells were also grown in multilayers at the air-liquid interface to mimic a stratified epithelium susceptible to FMDV infection. Consistent with what has been shown in vivo in pigs, our study showed no evidence of persistence of FMDV in either the monolayer or multilayer model, with no infectious virus detected 28 days after infection. The development of such a model opens up new possibilities for the study and diagnosis of FMDV in porcine cells
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Agreement of Specific Lung Sounds Auscultation by Veterinarians for the Detection of Bronchopneumonia in Calves
No full textBackground Lung auscultation is a common method for the routine diagnosis of calf bronchopneumonia. However, its repeatability among operators has been criticized. Objective Determine agreement among veterinarians for specific lung sounds after a short tutorial to standardize the definition of lung sounds. Animals Forty lung sounds from a larger dataset collected at 4 veal calf farms that housed 495-815 animals were submitted online to 10 different veterinarians. Methods After a short tutorial on lung sound auscultation, the raters were asked to detect the presence of any abnormal sounds and to differentiate among wheezes, crackles, and bronchial sounds. Raw percentage of agreement (PA), Gwet's agreement coefficient type 1 (AC1), Krippendorff's alpha (K-a), and Fleiss kappa (K-Fleiss) were chosen as agreement indicators in the absence of a gold standard indicator to assess agreement. The different indicators were interpreted based on a priori reported benchmarks. Results The agreements were fair to good for almost all lung sound indicators. For the presence of any abnormal lung sound, the reported agreements (95% confidence intervals [CI]) were 0.781 (0.716-0.845), 0.646 (0.514-0.777), 0.403 (0.351-0.455), and 0.293 (0.137-0.493) for PA, AC1, K-a, and K-Fleiss, respectively. The same indicators were 0.769 (0.694-0.845), 0.615 (0.446-0.784), 0.426 (0.378-0.475), and 0.425 (0.293-0.563) for wheezes, 0.754 (0.685-0.823), 0.643 (0.503-0.782), 0.21 (0.146-0.275), and 0.208 (0.097-0.327) for crackles, and 0.636 (0.571-0.701), 0.345 (0.179-0.512), 0.182 (0.131-0.232), and 0.18 (0.081-0.279) for bronchial sound detections, respectively. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Agreement among raters auscultating calf respiratory sounds was higher than previously reported. However, improvement is still possible to increase auscultation agreement
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease viruses from South East Asia 1998-2006: The Lao perspective
No full textApproche préventive des troubles cliniques, vaccinations, mesures sanitaires, ... que font les autres pays européens?
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Susceptibility of primary ovine dorsal soft palate and palatine tonsil cells to FMDV infection
Get PDFFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. This disease is one of the most important in animal health due to its significant socio-economic impact, especially in case of an outbreak. One important challenge associated with this disease is the ability of the FMD virus (FMDV) to persist in its hosts through still unresolved underlying mechanisms. The absence of relevant in vitro models is one factor preventing advancement in our understanding of FMDV persistence. While a primary bovine cell model has been established using cells from FMDV primary and persistence site in cattle, it appeared interesting to develop a similar model based on ovine anatomical sites of interest to compare host-pathogen interactions. Thus, epithelial cells derived from the palatine tonsils and the dorsal soft palate were isolated and cultured. Their epithelial nature was confirmed using immunofluorescence. Following monolayer infection with FMDV O/FRA/1/2001 Clone 2.2, the FMDV-sensitivity of these cells was evaluated. Dorsal soft palate (DSP) cells were also expanded in multilayers at the air-liquid interface to mimic a stratified epithelium sensitive to FMDV infection. Our investigation revealed the presence of infectious virus, as well as viral antigens and viral RNA, up to 35 days after infection of the cell multilayers. Further experiment with DSP cells from different individuals needs to be reproduced to confirm the robustness of the new model of persistence in multilayer DSP. The establishment of such primary cells creates new opportunities for FMDV research and analysis in sheep cells
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