1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Are bumblebees limited by floral resource availability due to cattle grazing in boral forest pastures?
Full text linkDen boreale skogen gir et bredt utbytte av økosystemtjenester og varer som tjener det norske samfunn. I århundrer har mennesker utnyttet denne ressursen gjennom blant annet tømmerproduksjon og tradisjonelt skogsbeite for husdyr. Disse lange tradisjonene med å holde husdyr i skogsbeite har imidlertid vært utsatt for drastiske endringer, hovedsakelig som følge av reetablering av rovdyrbestander og intensivering av jordbruk. Forholdet mellom blomstrende planter og deres pollinatorer spiller en sentral rolle for å sikre et harmonisk og sunt økosystem i skogsbeite. For å sikre en levedyktig bestand av ville pollinatorer i Norge, har den norske regjeringen satt som mål å ytterligere øke kunnskapen om hvordan man kan best mulig sikre og sørge for egnede habitater for pollinatorer. I tråd med ønsket om en mer rovdyrkompatibel strategi for husdyrhold, rettes fokuset mot å reetablere kjøttfe (Bos taurus) i disse skogsbeitene. Disse initiativene til sammen oppfordrer til en innsats for å granske effektene av beiting på biologisk mangfold, da det finnes lite tidligere forskning på dette temaet i boreale skogsbeiter.
Dette studiet undersøker effekten av storfebeite på humler og deres blomsterressurser i norsk boreal skog, ved å sammenligne observasjoner fra områder med og uten storfebeite i toppblomstringssesongen. Hovedmålet er å studere årstidens effekt på variasjon i blomsterressurser, hvordan storfes tilstedeværelse påvirker ressurstilgjengeligheten og hvordan dette i sin tur kan påvirke artsmangfoldet til humlene. Studiet viser at selv om det er mindre total abundans av blomsterressurser i områder med storfe, er det ingen signifikant negativ sammenheng mellom storfes tilstedeværelse og abundans og artsrikdom til humlene. Tidspunktet for blomstringen varierte mellom ulike plantearter, der noen arter når blomstringstoppen tidligere i sesongen og noen senere. Disse funnene tyder på at humlene ikke var begrenset av mindre tilgjengelige ressurser på grunn av storfebeite. Konsekvensene av storfebeite trenger derfor ikke ha en negativ effekt på humler, ved et lavt beitetrykk. Det er imidlertid et behov for ytterligere forskning på andre plante-pollinator interaksjoner i området for å kunne gi en mer nøyaktig bilde på effektene av beiting.
Nøkkelord: Boreal skog, effekt av beite, fenologi, ressurstilgjengelighet, humler, plante-pollinator interaksjoner.Boreal forests provides a wide range of ecosystem services and goods that serve the Norwegian community. For centuries humans have utilized this resource in commercial sectors through timber production and traditional forest pastures for livestock. However, these long traditions of keeping livestock in forest pastures has been subject to change as a result of re-establishing carnivore populations and agricultural intensification. The relationship between flowering plants and their pollinators plays a central role in securing a harmonious and healthy ecosystem in forest pastures. To ensure a viable population of wild pollinators in Norway, the Norwegian government aims to further increase knowledge on how to safeguard and provide suitable pollinator habitats. In line with the request for a more carnivore-compatible method for keeping livestock, the focus is directed to re-establish beef cattle (Bos taurus) in these forest pastures. These initiatives combined calls for effort to look at the effects of grazing on biodiversity, as there is a lack of previous research on the matter in boreal forest pastures.
This study investigates the effect of cattle grazing on bumblebees and their floral resources in the boreal forest, by comparing observations from areas with and without cattle grazing during the peak flowering season. The main objective is to study the effect of season on variation in floral resources, how cattle presence affects resource availability and how this in turn might affect the bumblebee diversity. The study shows that although there is less total abundance of floral resources in areas with cattle, there is no significantly negative relationship between cattle presence and the abundance and richness of bumblebees. The timing of flowering varied between different plant species, some reaching their peak earlier in the season and some later. These findings suggest that the bumblebees were not limited by less available resources because of cattle grazing. The consequences of cattle grazing in forest pastures may there for not pose a negative effect on bumblebees with a low intensity grazing pressure. However, further in-debt research about other plant-pollinator interactions in the area is needed to be able to give a more accurate inference of the effects of grazing.
Keywords: Boreal forest, grazing effects, phenology, resource availability, bumblebees, plant-pollinator interactions
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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