1,721,013 research outputs found
“Quest” identitaria mediata dal web, (cyber)bullismo e stratificazione sociale alla luce di un singolare caso di “devianza” di massa
No full textBologna, Giardini Margherita, late 2013: About 250 high-school students group into two enemy camps formed on social media and break into a massive fight. This essay aims to show how an event of this sort, by virtue of its singularity, could cast light on many of the most peculiar characteristics of contemporary online and offline relationality. It will be argued that a proper understanding of these phenomena is needed if the law is to be able to frame them effectively and hence regulate them, as it is expected to do in a case such as this one. The incident is taken here to be paradigmatic of a deep ongoing endeavour to reshape social identity, and the argument is that its real meaning cannot be captured by the legal definition of "riot" or by the media discussion of the phenomenon. The emphasis will fall in particular on the risk that comes with the new opportunities to “go social” under abstract labels meant to give substance to collective and individual identities that turn out to be shallow, vacuous, and ephemeral: This can easily engender a drift toward sectarianism and violence, a risk which the dominant individualistic philosophy of decades past had managed to somehow keep at bay, but which is now finding a resurgence through (cyber)-bullyism. The incident will also be considered symptomatic of a return to a kind of social stratification that builds up from the basic, onomastic level of online labelling
Aggredire attraverso l'immagine. Cristallizzazioni tecnologiche, genere e diniego di tutela nella logica disciplinante neoliberale
No full textThis article is organized into two parts: one sociological, the other legal. In the first part, I reason about the way information technologies have amplified two "classic" human desires by making them more accessible: this has given us the narcissistic desire for an augmented social exposure and the desire to record, quantify, and leverage the events that make up our lives. Here I consider how these two desires often spontaneously turn aggressive, unleashing an anger that in panoptic fashion is vented against the recorded image, with potentially devastating effects on those on the receiving end of such outbursts. In the legal part, I consider the unauthorized publication of intimate material, pointing out that while this activity is fully part of the problem, it has yet to come within the purview of any specific law in Italy, even though the law as it stands not only admits of such an interpretation but also embraces it in important ways. Even so, the courts are reluctant to grant protections to victims of hate activity, as can most recently be appreciated in the decision the Italian Court of Cassation handed down in a criminal case of 2016 that I discuss (Ruling 11675/2016). To explain this disconnect in the law, I point to the classic victim-blaming culture, but I also more specifically point to certain distinctive traits of the current neoliberal paradigm, showing how they translate into action in criminal law, and how, in complementary fashion, they also account for the control that - in an all-exclusionary, albeit unwitting, fashion - is exercised in the cyberworld
L’hikikomori e il giardino all’inglese. Inquietante irrazionalità e solitudine comune
No full textThis essay delves into the developements taking place at the «micro» level of personal relations in the Web 2.0 environment, analysing these developements as expressing a peculiar form of «individualist communitarianism». Furthermore, the essay explores how the Web 2.0 technologies enable individuals to algorithmically «program» their social world, thus nurturing the illusion that they can rationally control it by filtering out any irrational element that might intrude upon it from the outside. An extreme case in that regard is the Japanese social phenomenon known as "hikikomori", which is explored considering the antisocial and juridically disruptive effects that may derive from this extreme attempt at so rationalizing one's social world
Vulnerabilità e forme di radicalizzazione. L’echo chamber delle comunità online di odio misogino e antifemminista
No full textThis work reflects on the possibility of applying the paradigm elaborated by the most recent studies on radicalisation – and, in particular, the observations referring to the online self-radicalisation of especially vulnerable subjects – to the phenomenon of online communities of misogynist and anti-feminist hatred. This hypothesis will be examined through the analysis of the characteristic vulnerabilities exposed by the users of such social networks, of the ideologies which are incubated there, and of their implications as a justifying basis for certain acts of homicidal terrorism which have been explicitly perpetrated in their name
Una “patologia della normalità”. La violenza contro le donne nell’ambito relazionale-affettivo
No full textThis article looks at the data drawn from two ISTAT reports, of 2007 and 2015, on violence against women, assessing that data against the backdrop of the patriarchal culture, which continues to substantially fuel and legitimate this phenomenon. I point up the friction between this culture and the egalitarian principles that in our society are officially endorsed but scarcely absorbed, arguing that this is giving rise to a twofold dysfunctional reaction in society: on the one hand, the identitarian vagueness produced by this still unreconciled disconnect seems to exacerbate, and sometimes stiffen, the male reaction; on the other hand, as illustrated by examples discussed in the paper, women often themselves hesitate to assert in practice the very equality which they call for as a matter of principle, and to which they give theoretical form
A proposito di identità. Contributi per una riflessione
No full textQuesto secondo numero del 2015 della rivista «Ragion pratica» è dedicato al tema dell’identità.
Concetto personale e al contempo sociale, da sempre snodo centrale e imprescindibile per pressoché ogni settore della riflessione culturale, oggi, in particolare, come conseguenza dei tanti e veloci mutamenti intervenuti nel mondo del diritto, della politica, della tecnologia e della cultura, la concettualizzazione dell’identità riceve nuove sollecitazioni e stimoli potenti verso sempre più complesse riformulazioni e rivalutazioni. Il presente volume si configura, dunque, come uno sforzo di «mettere a fuoco», sotto questi diversi aspetti e aprendosi a contributi provenienti da diverse prospettive metodologiche, il concetto di identità nelle sue tante sfumature, pur nella consapevolezza nell’inesauribilità – di fondo – delle potenzialità di analisi che ad esso si accompagnano
Presentazione
No full textIl concetto di identità richiede, oggi, nuove valutazioni; ma esso sollecita anche nuove definizioni: dalle implicazioni politiche delle identità culturali e religiose alla nozione di identità sessuale, rimessa in questione nell’ambito degli studi di genere (in particolare di ambito LGBT); dalla definizione «in bilico» dei confini definitori dell’identità in caso di malattia mentale, devianza, disabilità, alle sfide lanciate dallo sviluppo delle nuove tecnologie in ambito bioetico, fino all’osservazione del modo in cui il linguaggio del diritto accoglie e carica di valore le sue diverse accezioni, le questioni sollevate dalla problematicità dei confini dell’idea di identità si moltiplicano e si intersecano tra di loro, rivelando l’urgenza di un suo ripensamento
Feminism, Law and the Power of Transformative Narratives
No full textAs Y.N. Harari wrote, the power of narratives lies in their ability to simplify social complexity, and to make human cooperation fluid: ‘Any large-scale human cooperation – whether a modern state, a medieval church, an ancient city or an archaic tribe – is rooted in common myths that exist only in people’s collective imagination’ (Harari, 2015, 25). Precisely because of their function, such narratives, once disseminated, give rise to social constructs and norms that, as long as people believes in them, and precisely by virtue of that belief, exist and live in the social.
The three essays collected for this focus of Athena are linked together not only by a common interest for the feminist thinking in relation to various aspects of law, but also and above all by the fact that they all modulate, under different aspects and with different nuances, the theme of the essential relationship that exists between the strength and resistance of the dominant moral, political and legal structuring, in relation to the feminine, and the logically preceding establishment in society (at a latent even more than declared level) of correlative ‘narratives’
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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