67 research outputs found
Silis (Silis) boninoi FANTI & M. G. PANKOWSKI 2022, sp. nov.
No full textSilis (Silis) boninoi FANTI & M. G. PANKOWSKI sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Description. Adult, winged, male. Body length: 2.7 mm; elytra: approximately 2.4 mm long, and 1.0 mm wide at apex. Entirely blackish-dark brown. Head large, slightly narrower than pronotum, smooth, equipped with several long setae, largely covered by pronotum. Eyes rounded and protruded, wide, inserted in upper and lateral part of the head. Maxillary palpi 4- segmented, unequal in length with last palpomere very elongated and securiform. Labial palps 3-segmented with last palpomere securiform. Antennal insertions and eyes not juxtaposed, antennae surpassing two-thirds of the elytra, 11-segmented, filiform, each antennomere covered with several setae; scape elongated, slightly club-shaped; antennomere II (pedicel) short, about 2.1 times shorter than scape; antennomeres III–V subequal in length, longer than antennomere II, rather robust; antennomeres VI–IX subequal in length, slightly longer than antennomeres III–V; antennomere X very slightly shorter and more slender than previous ones; antennomere XI filiform, oblong with extremely thin and pointed apex. Pronotum strongly transverse, surface undulating with concavities (pores) and equipped with sparse long setae, apparently without punctuation; anterior margin curved and protruding in the middle; sides strongly sinuous, with two very short processes on each side: Posterior processes are thicker and wider than anterior ones and rounded apically; anterior processes are shorter than posterior ones and rounded apically; posterior margin irregular and sinuous with two expansions in the middle. Scutellum triangular with rounded apex. Elytra wider than pronotum, elongated and surpassing last abdominal segments, enlarged at humeri and apex, restricted in middle, apex strongly rounded, surface with very superficial punctation and several very long setae. Posterior wings transparent, completely covered by elytra but just barely shorter than them. Metasternum very elongated with a strongly rounded posterior margin, abdominal segments transverse and pubescent. Legs relatively short, robust and strongly pubescent; coxae massive; trochanters elongated and triangular-shaped with rounded apex; femora enlarged and slightly curved; tibiae cylindrical, with one apical and robust spur, protibiae as long as profemora, mesotibiae slightly shorter than mesofemora, metatibiae just slightly shorter than metafemora. Tarsal formula 5-5-5; first tarsomere elongated; second tarsomere about 1.2 times shorter than first; third tarsomere triangular and shorter than tarsomere II; fourth tarsomere deeply bilobed at sides; fifth tarsomere very elongated, slender, flat and curved; claws simple without basal tooth. Note. Female unknown. The specimen is a male, defined on the basis of long antennae and lateral sides of pronotum toothed. Sexual dimorphism is supposed because females of the genus Silis are characterized by a pronotum with sides without appendages or with very small teeth, and have shorter antennae and a wider abdomen than males. Etymology. Named in honor of Enrico Bonino for donating the described specimen, photographing it and kindly giving us access to it. Holotype. Male, in Baltic amber, deposited at the Back to the Past Museum, Cancún, Mexico with accession no. BPM-1111. Type locality. Yantarny mine, Sambian Peninsula, Kaliningrad Region, Russia. Type horizon. Middle Eocene: Bartonian-Priabonian (45.0–38.0 Mya). Syninclusions. A few botanical fragments (trichomes). Systematic placement. The specimen is clearly a new species belonging to the subfamily Silinae and to the genus Silis (Brancucci 1980; Kazantsev 1997) based on its maxillary palpi sub-equal in length with their last palpomere securiform, elytra elongated, tarsomeres IV wider than other tarsomeres, pores on the anterior part of the pronotum, the internal claw simple, tibial spurs conspicuous and the lateral section of its pronotum having two lobes on each side. Genera that appear most similar to Silis are distinguished by a few different characters. The genus Podosilis has a complex pronotal armature at the sides and a cleft outer claw in males (Kazantsev 1997, 2019, 2020). Autosilis features the anterior half of its mesonotum smooth without clear pores, and the anal ring in the male has a tergite and sternite that are roughly equally wide (Kazantsev 1997). Differential diagnosis. Silis boninoi sp. nov. differs from Silis lombardii Parisi & Fanti, 2019 (from Baltic amber) based on the new species’ pronotum that is much more transverse and with shorter pronotal lobes on its sides, and by the new species’ significantly smaller size: 2.7 mm vs. 5.2 mm for S. lombardii (Parisi & Fanti 2019). In addition, Silis chiapasensis Wittmer, 1963 (found in Mexican Chiapas amber) differs based on its pronotum that is deeply incised at the sides and its lobes that are more curved and longer than on the new species (Wittmer 1963). Finally, Silis curleri Fanti & M. G. Pankowski 2021 and Silis hegnai Fanti & M. G. Pankowski 2021 (both from Dominican amber) have a very different pronotal shape, with lobes that are longer and more curved, and a less transverse pronotum (Fanti & Pankowski 2021). The living and widely distributed species Silis ruficollis (Fabricius, 1775) has a pronotum with a lateral margin that is less toothed and indented compared to the new fossil species described here. Remarks. The yellow amber piece has an elongated drop shape and measures approximately 22x 11 mm. The inclusion is complete and well visible. Once trapped, the specimen struggled to get out of the sticky resin and thus created characteristic ripples (“fringes”) in the amber. A photo of this new species is included in Enrico Bonino’s forthcoming book on amber (Bonino, 2022), expected to be published in 2022.Published as part of Fanti, Fabrizio & Pankowski, Maximilian G., 2022, A new fossil Silis Charpentier, 1825 from Baltic amber (Cantharidae, Silinae, Silini), pp. 87-91 in Zootaxa 5195 (1) on pages 88-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/718066
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SEPAKBOLA MELALUI PERMAINAN GAWANG TONG PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN 81/II MUARA BUNGO
No full textThe background of the problem of this research is the lack of proper learning and inadequate facilities in the process of football learning and the lack of mastery of technical skills, the basis of soccer games, so that student learning outcomes are less optimal. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to increase the activity and results of learning football through tong goal play. This study uses a class action research method. The subjects in this study were fifth grade students of SDN 81 / II Muara Bungo. The number of subjects in this study were 36 students. The meeting in this study was designed in two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. The instruments used in retrieving data were obtained from the results of the performance tests displayed by students during the test. The results of this study indicate that through the goalpost game can improve students' abilities in soccer learning. In the first cycle, it was known that the percentage of learning completeness was 68% with a total of 25 students, experiencing an increase in the second cycle of 77%, with the total completeness of 29 students. The conclusion of this study is that the approach of playing football with the goalpost can improve football's ability in fifth grade students of SDN 81 / II Muara Bungo. The suggestion of this study is aimed at the Penjasorkes teachers who have difficulty in improving the learning outcomes of football, this CAR can be used as input to overcome the problem.Latar belakang masalah penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran yang kurang tepat serta sarana yang kurang memadai dalam proses pembelajaran sepakbola dan kurangnya penguasaan keterampilan tehnik, dasar permainan sepakbola, sehingga hasil belajar siswa kurang optimal. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar sepakbola melalui permainan gawang tong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Adapun subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDN 81/II Muara Bungo. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 36 siswa. Pertemuan dalam penelitian ini dirancang dua siklus, yaitu siklus I dan siklus II. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data diperoleh dari hasil tes unjuk kerja yang ditampilkan siswa saat pelaksanaan tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa melalui permainan gawang tong dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam pembelajaran sepakbola. Pada siklus I diketahui presentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar 68 % dengan jumlah 25 siswa, mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II sebesar 77 %, dengan jumlah ketuntasan 29 siswa. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa pendekatan permainan sepakbola dengan gawang tong dapat meningkatkan kemampuan sepakbola pada siswa kelas V SDN 81/II Muara Bungo. Saran penelitian ini ditujukan kepada para guru Penjasorkes yang mengalami kesulitan dalam peningkatan hasil belajar sepakbola, PTK ini dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan masukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut
Effect of metabolic acidosis on intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus
No full text Page G480: U. Gafter, J. A. Kraut, D. B. N. Lee, V. Silis, M. W. Walling, K. Kurokawa, M. R. Haussler, and J. W. Coburn. “Effect of metabolic acidosis on intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus.” Page G480: M. W. Walling deceased 30 November 1979. </jats:p
Translator’s faithfulness in the 21st century: a sociolinguistic view
No full textIn this article the author’s intention is to touch upon only some of the aspects characterizing translation as a sociolinguistic phenomenon relevant to translator’s faithfulness. Reduction of the scope of analysis is due to the fact that the problem of relations between translatology and sociolinguistics is considerably more extensive and therefore requires more detailed research producing a quantitatively much bulkier text. An attempt will be made to provide a rather impressionistic contrastive analysis of translation problems appearing in certain pairs of sociolinguistic correlations, such as source/target language and social group, source/target language and age group, as well as source/target language and gender. In the last two correlation pairs (and episodically elsewhere) translator as a representative of a definite age-bound or gender-bound social group will also be viewed. This method of analysis has successfully been used by the author in his previous publications on the subject (Sîlis, 1999 and 2006), as well as repeatedly applied by the authoritative sociolinguist Peter Trudgill (2001).
The illustrative material used in the article comes from author’s own observations of problemsolving cases in translation and interpreting practice cases where Latvian is either the source or the target language, and similar instances analysed in research publications of other Latvian translation theorists.
In the end of the discussion part the problem of culture-specific discrepancies of the SL and TL nations, reflected also in the difference of the respective culture of verbal expression, will also be tackled
Training of translators and interpreters in Latvia
No full textThe article provides a brief insight into the field of training translators and interpreters in Latvia, a European Union member state since 2004. The demand for an increasing number of professionals, being able to cope not only with translation of fiction, but capable to translate and interpret information vital for any independent country, became especially urgent toward the end of the 1980's due to the rapid political and economic changes accompanied by the growth of international contacts. The first training programme of translators and interpreters was started in 1995 and in the next few years was followed by several others. At present translators and interpreters in Latvia are trained in 16 study programmes at 10 higher education institutions (3 universities and 3 university colleges funded by the government, as well as 4 private higher education institutions) - in 7 professional, 5 professional undergraduate and 4 professional master programmes. Doctoral dissertations in translatology at present are written and defended in two of the 3 doctoral programmes in Applied, Comparative and Contrastive Linguistics. After the general survey of the situation in training translators and interpreters in Latvia, the author provides a more detailed overview of the undergraduate, master and Ph.D. programmes of the Ventspils University College
ERİMİŞ TUZ İÇİNDE ELEKTROKİMYASAL İNDİRGEME YÖNTEMİYLE SİLİSYUM ÜRETİMİ
No full textGözenekli silisyum dioksit peletlerinin 2,8 V potansiyel farkı uygulanarak CaCl2 tuzu ve CaCl2-NaCl tuz çözeltisi içerisinde elektrodeoksidasyon yöntemiyle indirgenmesi incelenmiştir. Çalışma, katotta kullanılan iletken malzemelerinin, sıcaklığın ve tane boyutunun indirgenmeye olan etkilerinin araştırılmasını içermektedir. Başlangıçta kullanılan malzemelerin ve elektroliz sonucunda elde edilen ürünlerin yapısı ve morfoljisi X-ışınları kırınımı analizi ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile belirlenmiştir. Nikel ve paslanmaz çelik katotta iletken malzemeler olarak kullanılmış ve katotta oluşan silisyumun katot iletken malzemesi olarak kullanılan metallerle reaksiyona girdiği görülmüştür. X-ışınları kırınımı analizi ile silisyumun, katot iletken malzemesi olarak kullanılan nikelle nikel-silis bileşikleri oluşturduğu, paslanmaz çelik içindeki demirle de demir-silis bileşikleri oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Oluşan nikel-silis bileşiklerinin, miktar olarak, demir-silis bileşiklerinden daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlar, akım zaman grafikleri, kompozisyonlar ve mikroyapılar incelenerek yorumlanmıştır
Physics of the Solid State V. 45, I. 05
No full textPhysics of the Solid State -- May 2003
Volume 45, Issue 5, pp. 809-1003
PERSONALIA
Celebrating the 75th Birthday of Boris Petrovich Zakharchenya
pp. 809-811 Full Text: PDF (61 kB)
METALS AND SUPERCONDUCTORS
Resonance Attenuation of Ultrasonic Waves in a Superconductor with a Moving Vortex Structure
E. D. Gutliansky
pp. 812-815 Full Text: PDF (54 kB)
SEMICONDUCTORS AND DIELECTRICS
Electronic Band Structure and X-ray Spectra of Boron Nitride Polytypes
V. V. Ilyasov, T. P. Zhdanova, and I. Ya. Nikiforov
pp. 816-824 Full Text: PDF (113 kB)
Metastable-State Population in n-GaAs
V. V. Krivolapchuk, M. M. Mezdrogina, and N. K. Poletaev
pp. 825-829 Full Text: PDF (92 kB)
Relaxing Local Modes and the Theory of Low-Frequency Raman Scattering in Glasses
V. N. Bondarev and S. V. Zelenin
pp. 830-837 Full Text: PDF (93 kB)
First-Principles Calculations of the Electronic and Spatial Structures of the Ba1 – xLaxF2 + x System within the Supercell Model
A. Yu. Kuznetsov, A. B. Sobolev, A. N. Varaksin, J. Andriessen, and C. W. E. van Eijk
pp. 838-844 Full Text: PDF (135 kB)
Transient Optical Absorption and Luminescence of Lithium Triborate LiB3O5
I. N. Ogorodnikov, V. Yu. Yakovlev, and L. I. Isaenko
pp. 845-853 Full Text: PDF (131 kB)
First-Principles Calculations of the Hyperfine Fields on Ligands in Fluorides
O. A. Anikeenok
pp. 854-858 Full Text: PDF (52 kB)
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Gd3+ Aqua Complexes in Vitrified Aqueous Solutions and Gd3+ Aqua Ions Adsorbed on the Capillary Surface
G. P. Vishnevskaya, E. N. Frolova, and A. M. Gataullin
pp. 859-863 Full Text: PDF (68 kB)
The Structure of Mixed Fluorides Ca1 – xSrxF2 and Sr1 – xBaxF2 and the Luminescence of Eu2+ in These Crystals
A. E. Nikiforov, A. Yu. Zakharov, V. A. Chernyshev, M. Yu. Ugryumov, and S. V. Kotomanov
pp. 864-867 Full Text: PDF (63 kB)
Recrystallization and Ageing of Undoped and Strontium-Doped Potassium Chloride Crystals after Incomplete Polymorphic Transformation under Pressure
E. B. Borisenko and B. A. Gnesin
pp. 868-874 Full Text: PDF (235 kB)
Anomalous Dispersion of SH Acoustic Waves in a Piezoelectric Sandwich Structure
V. I. Alshits and V. N. Lyubimov
pp. 875-879 Full Text: PDF (67 kB)
DEFECTS, DISLOCATIONS, AND PHYSICS OF STRENGTH
The Cross Slip of a Dislocation in an Ultrasound Field and Its Dependence on the Ultrasound Amplitude and Frequency, Sample Orientation, and Dynamic Viscosity
N. A. Tyapunina, G. V. Bushueva, M. I. Silis, D. S. Podsoblyaev, Yu. B. Likhushin, and V. Yu. Bogunenko
pp. 880-885 Full Text: PDF (104 kB)
The Fracture Energy of Materials under Pulse Microsecond-Scale Loading
A. A. Gruzdkov, S. I. Krivosheev, and Yu. V. Petrov
pp. 886-889 Full Text: PDF (55 kB)
MAGNETISM AND FERROELECTRICITY
Ferromagnetic and Spin-Wave Resonance in Co/Pd/CoNi Multilayer Films
R. S. Iskhakov, Zh. M. Moroz, L. A. Chekanova, E. E. Shalygina, and N. A. Shepeta
pp. 890-894 Full Text: PDF (72 kB)
Geometric Resonance in the Optical Properties of Microinhomogeneous PdMnxFe1 – x Alloys
N. I. Kourov, Yu. V. Knyazev, E. V. Zenkov, and A. S. Moskvin
pp. 895-899 Full Text: PDF (62 kB)
Entropy Contribution to Thermal Expansion of Rare-Earth Compounds
N. P. Kolmakova, L. V. Takunov, and O. A. Shishkina
pp. 899-902 Full Text: PDF (50 kB)
Exchange Constants for a V15 Magnetic Molecular Nanocluster
V. V. Kostyuchenko and A. K. Zvezdin
pp. 903-906 Full Text: PDF (47 kB)
Effect of the Crystal Structure and Interlayer Exchange Coupling on the Coercive Force in Co/Cu/Co Films
L. A. Chebotkevich, Yu. D. Vorob'ev, A. S. Samardak, and A. V. Ognev
pp. 907-910 Full Text: PDF (75 kB)
Giant Magnetorefractive Effect in Magnetic Granular CoFe–MgF Alloys
A. Granovskii, V. Gushchin, I. Bykov, A. Kozlov, N. Kobayashi, S. Ohnuma, T. Masumoto, and M. Inoue
pp. 911-913 Full Text: PDF (49 kB)
Specific Features of Magnetic and Transport Properties of La1 – xMn1 + xO3 Manganites
V. P. D'yakonov, V. P. Pashchenko, É. E. Zubov, V. I. Mikhailov, Yu. Bukhantsev, I. M. Fita, V. A. Turchenko, N. A. Doroshenko, A. Szevczik, R. Zuberek, and G. Szymczak
pp. 914-921 Full Text: PDF (119 kB)
High-Amplitude Precession and Dynamic Unsusceptibility of Magnetic Moments of a Two-Layer Film
D. I. Sementsov and A. M. Shutyi
pp. 922-926 Full Text: PDF (87 kB)
Unidirectional Anisotropy in (RE–TM)/NiFe Film Systems
V. A. Seredkin, R. S. Iskhakov, V. Yu. Yakovchuk, S. V. Stolyar, and V. G. Myagkov
pp. 927-931 Full Text: PDF (87 kB)
UV Absorption Spectra of Thin Films of Cs2CdI4 and Rb2CdI4 Ferroelectrics
O. N. Yunakova, V. K. Miloslavskii, and E. N. Kovalenko
pp. 932-937 Full Text: PDF (84 kB)
Thermally Stimulated Electron Emission from Chromium-Doped Triglycine Sulfate in the Paraelectric Phase
A. A. Sidorkin, A. S. Sidorkin, O. V. Rogazinskaya, and S. D. Milovidova
pp. 938-941 Full Text: PDF (55 kB)
Time Delay in the Low-Temperature Phase of Relaxors
R. F. Mamin and R. Blinc
pp. 942-945 Full Text: PDF (55 kB)
LATTICE DYNAMICS AND PHASE TRANSITIONS
Specific Heat of the [NH2(CH3)2]2ZnCl4 Crystal in the Temperature Region 80–300 K
A. U. Sheleg, T. I. Dekola, and N. P. Tekhanovich
pp. 946-947 Full Text: PDF (32 kB)
LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AND SURFACE PHYSICS
Mechanism of Primary Self-Organization in Porous Silicon with a Regular Structure
M. E. Kompan
pp. 948-952 Full Text: PDF (270 kB)
On the Baric Fragmentation of a Crystal
M. N. Magomedov
pp. 953-956 Full Text: PDF (40 kB)
Thermal Conductivity of the Opal–Epoxy Resin Nanocomposite
V. N. Bogomolov, N. F. Kartenko, D. A. Kurdyukov, L. S. Parfen'eva, I. A. Smirnov, N. V. Sharenkova, H. Misiorek, and A. Jezowski
pp. 957-960 Full Text: PDF (63 kB)
Luminescence of Cr3+ Impurity Ions in Li2Ge7O15 Nanocrystals and Clusters Embedded in Lithium Germanate Glasses
T. N. Vasilevskaya, A. A. Kaplyanskii, A. B. Kulinkin, and S. P. Feofilov
pp. 961-968 Full Text: PDF (121 kB)
Excitation of Coherent Acoustic Phonons by a Femtosecond Pulse
Yu. E. Lozovik and V. A. Sharapov
pp. 969-971 Full Text: PDF (43 kB)
Calculation of the Temperature Dependence of the Work Function of an Adsorption System
S. Yu. Davydov
pp. 972-975 Full Text: PDF (50 kB)
Samarium Atom Yield under Electron-Stimulated Desorption from Oxidized Tungsten Surface
V. N. Ageev, Yu. A. Kuznetsov, and N. D. Potekhina
pp. 976-982 Full Text: PDF (90 kB)
POLYMERS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS
Dielectric Relaxation in Polymers and Copolymers of Methacrylates and Methacrylamides with Chromophoric Groups in Side Chains
N. V. Afanas'eva, T. I. Borisova, V. N. Ivanova, V. A. Luk'yashina, G. K. Lebedeva, G. I. Nosova, N. N. Smirnov, N. A. Solovskaya, and V. V. Kudryavtsev
pp. 983-989 Full Text: PDF (93 kB)
Fluctuations of Orientational Order in a Uniaxial Nematic Liquid Crystal with Biaxial Molecules and Its Response to an External Field
E. M. Aver'yanov
pp. 990-1001 Full Text: PDF (157 kB)
FULLERENES AND ATOMIC CLUSTERS
Metastable Quasi-One-Dimensional Ensembles of C8 Clusters
N. N. Degtyarenko, V. F. Elesin, N. E. L'vov, L. A. Openov, and A. I. Podlivaev
pp. 1002-1003 Full Text: PDF (30 kB)Archived web conten
The Effect Of Water / Cement Ratio And Type Of Admixtures On Strength Of The Hıgh Strength Self-Compacting Concrete
No full textBu çalışmada yüksek dayanımlı kendiliğinden yerleşen betonun basınç dayanımı üzerine su/çimento
oranı, silis dumanı, kireç taşı tozu, katkı türü ve miktarının etkileri araştırılmıştır. Yüksek dayanımlı
kendiliğinden yerleşen betonların üretiminde maksimum agrega tane boyutu 16 mm olarak seçilmiş ve
karışımlarda slamp yayılması dikkate alınarak % 36.5 ve % 40 su/çimento oranları için Glenium C300
süperakışkanlaştırıcı miktarı % 1.37’den % 2.69’a kadar değiştirilmiştir. Ayrıca mineral katkı olarak silis
dumanı ve kireç taşı tozu belirli oranlarda karışımlara ilave edilerek 12 seri karışım üretilmiştir. Üretilen
beton karışımları üzerinde slamp yayılması, V-hunisi akış zamanı (Tv),L-kutusu yüksekliği ve L20 cm ile
L40 cm süreleri ve J-halkası deneyleri ile beton numuneleri üzerinde 14 ve 28 günlük basınç deneyleri
yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlardan kimyasal katkı ile birlikte silis dumanı kullanılan yüksek dayanımlı
kendiliğinden yerleşen betonların basınç dayanımı üzerine olumlu etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür
Report to the President for year ended June 30, 2019, Information Systems and Technology
No full textThis report contains the following sections: Governance; Highlights for Information Systems and Technolgoy; Providing IT Support and Services to the MIT Community; IT Security; Campus Safety and Security; Software Asset Management; Network Improvements; Administration; Staff Development; Summary of Financials for FY2018; Looking Forwar
Translator's faithfulness in the 21st century: a sociolinguistic view. Tulkotâja lojalitâte 21. gadsimtâ: sociolingvistiks skatîjums
No full textIn this article the author’s intention is to touch upon only some of the aspects characterizing translation as a sociolinguistic phenomenon relevant to translator’s faithfulness. Reduction of thescope of analysis is due to the fact that the problem of relations between translatology and sociolinguistics is considerably more extensive and therefore requires more detailed research producing a quantitatively much bulkier text. An attempt will be made to provide a rather impressionistic contrastive analysis of translation problems appearing in certain pairs of sociolinguistic correlations, such as source/target language and social group, source/target languageand age group, as well as source/target language and gender. In the last two correlation pairs (and episodically elsewhere) translator as a representative of a definite age-bound or gender-bound social group will also be viewed. This method of analysis has successfully been used by the author in his previous publications on the subject (Sîlis, 1999 and 2006), as well as repeatedly applied by the authoritative sociolinguist Peter Trudgill (2001).The illustrative material used in the article comes from author’s own observations of problemsolving cases in translation and interpreting practice cases where Latvian is either the source or the target language, and similar instances analysed in research publications of other Latvian translation theorists.In the end of the discussion part the problem of culture-specific discrepancies of the SL and TL nations, reflected also in the difference of the respective culture of verbal expression, will also be tackled
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