1,720,998 research outputs found
Produzione e valorizzazione del biogas nei processi di digestione anaerobica
No full textI processi di digestione anaerobica di matrici organiche, seppure necessitino di una impiantistica complessa e di una elevata competenza degli operatori, contrariamente ai processi aerobici, notoriamente energivori, offrono la concreta possibilità di ottenere un consistente ritorno economico mediante il recupero energetico dal biogas che in essi viene prodotto. Le tecnologie disponibili consentono di utilizzare il biogas, dopo una preliminare depurazione, a scopo cogenerativo, ossia per la produzione di energia elettrica e termica contemporaneamente, con rese tali da potere soddisfare gli autoconsumi dell’impianto di produzione stesso e tali da consentire una commercializzazione all’esterno dell’energia cogenerata. Oggi, mentre da una parte vengono proposte soluzioni che consentono di ottimizzare i convenzionali motori endotermici da decenni utilizzati a scopo cogenerativo, dall’altra viene prospettato l’uso di sistemi assai più evoluti che, seppure ancora applicabili a campi ristretti di potenze prodotte, consentono di ottenere benefici economici ed ambientali di non trascurabile entità. Particolari forme di incentivazione recentemente attivate promuovono, inoltre, prima della trasformazione energetica del biogas, la valorizzazione per conversione a biometano, avente maggiore potere calorifico del biogas, e il successivo utilizzo diretto di quest’ultimo come combustibile per autotrazione o per successiva cogenerazione, comportando tale pratica elevati benefici economici ed ambientali
Odour Impact Assessment Handbook
No full textOdours have become a priority concern for facility operators, engineers and urban planners who deal with waste and industrial treatment plants. The subjectivity of smell perception, its variability due to frequency and weather conditions, and the complex nature of the substances involved, has long hampered the regulation of odour emissions.
This book provides a comprehensive framework for the assessment, measurement and monitoring of odour emissions, and covers:
Odour characterization and exposure effects
Instruments and methods for sampling and measurement
Strategies for odour control
Dispersion modelling for odour exposure assessment
Odour regulations and policies
Procedures for odour impact assessment
Case studies: Wastewater treatment, composting, industrial and CAFO plants, and landfill
Intended for researchers in environmental chemistry, environmental engineering, and civil engineering, this book is also an invaluable guide for industry professionals working in wastewater treatment, environmental and air analysis, and waste management
Not just sheer luck! Immune correlates of protection against HIV-1 infection
No full textSusceptibility to HIV infection is widely different among individuals, and it is known that individuals can be identified who are repeatedly exposed to HIV but in whom neither infection nor disease are seen. The possibility that sheer luck is not the only determinant of this phenomenon begun to be considered in 1989 when it was reported that T cell responses to HIV proteins could be detected in antibody-negative sexual partners of known HIV-positive men. In this review, we will summarize the body of knowledge that stemmed from that first observation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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