111 research outputs found
Kedrovyi Sor : la vie quotidienne dans un camp du goulag à l'époque stalinienne
No full textKedrovyi Sor: daily life in a Gulag camp during the Stalinist period, Oleg Azarov.
Our knowledge of the Soviet concentration camp universe is beginning to be nourished by direct access to archives. The author, a young Russian scholar, has been able to work on a rich collection of documents concerning the camp of Kedrovyi Sor, in the Pečora bassin. Through his study of the camp's administrative structure, its financial operation and its economic activities, and through an analysis of the inmates and their living conditions, he provides, almost in the raw, a concrete and precise description of the daily functioning of a Stalinist camp from the early 1930s to the 1950s.Azarov Oleg, Laurent Natacha. Kedrovyi Sor : la vie quotidienne dans un camp du goulag à l'époque stalinienne. In: Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°43, juillet-septembre 1994. Dossier : Histoire au présent de la "political correctness" pp. 69-87
“Smenovekhovtsy” Movement and Realities of Soviet Society of 1920-ies
No full textThe issues linked with the emergence of “smenovekhovtsy” movement among the Russian emigration in the early 1920-ies are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the key position of “smenovekhovtsy” ideology about the inevitable rebirth of the Bolshevik regime in conditions of implementation of the new economic policy (NEP). The author dwells on the reasons for the formation of “smenovekhovtsy” ideas about the future of the country. It is shown that these views did not correspond to the political and socio-economic realities of Soviet society in the 1920-ies. Attention is paid to the evaluation of “smenovekhovtsy” ideology in the light of political struggle in the administration of the Bolshevik party in the period under review. The question of the moral choice of the Russian intelligentsia is raised in connection with the question of the need for cooperation with the Bolsheviks raised by “smenovekhovtsy”. A review of the correspondence of the most famous ideologist of “smenovekhovtsy” N. V. Ustryalov with his personal friend N. A. Tsurikov is made. The author proceeds from the fact that this correspondence is one of the most striking examples of the depth and dramatic split among Russian immigrants in the 1920-ies. It is concluded that the illusory and erroneous ideas about the prospects of development of Soviet society became the cause of the tragic personal fate for many of “smenovekhovtsy” who returned home from exile and became the victims of Stalinist repression of the 1930-ies
Semiconductors V. 38, I. 12
No full textSemiconductors -- December 2004
Volume 38, Issue 12, pp. 1365-1439
ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS
Electrical Conductivity and Thermoelectric Power of Liquid Tellurium Doped with 3d Transition Metals
V. M. Sklyarchuk and Yu. O. Plevachuk
pp. 1365-1368 Full Text: PDF (77 kB)
Hg1 – x – y – zCdxMnyZnzTe: A New Alternative to Hg1 – xCdxTe
I. N. Gorbatyuk, A. V. Markov, S. É. Ostapov, and I. M. Rarenko
pp. 1369-1373 Full Text: PDF (69 kB)
Stimulated and Spontaneous Emission of CdxHg1 – xTe Structures in the Range 3.2–3.7 µm at 77 K
Yu. N. Nozdrin, A. V. Okomel'kov, A. P. Kotkov, A. N. Moiseev, and N. D. Grishnova
pp. 1374-1377 Full Text: PDF (54 kB)
Photoluminescence of Electron–Hole Plasma in Semi-Insulating Undoped GaAs
V. F. Kovalenko and S. V. Shutov
pp. 1378-1380 Full Text: PDF (45 kB)
SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES, INTERFACES, AND SURFACES
Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Photoelectric Characteristics of Al–n-Si–SnO2:Cu–Ag Isotype Heterostructures
S. V. Slobodchikov[dagger], E. V. Russu, É. V. Ivanov, Yu. G. Malinin, and Kh. M. Salikhov
pp. 1381-1383 Full Text: PDF (46 kB)
Photoreflection Studies of Band Offsets at the Heterojunction in Strained Short-Period GaAs/GaAsP Superlattices
L. P. Avakyants, P. Yu. Bokov, T. P. Kolmakova, and A. V. Chervyakov
pp. 1384-1389 Full Text: PDF (79 kB)
Influence of Ultrashort Pulses of Electromagnetic Radiation on Parameters of Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Structures
V. A. Terekhov, A. N. Man'ko, E. N. Bormontov, V. N. Levchenko, S. Yu. Trebunskikh, E. A. Tutov, and É. P. Domashevskaya
pp. 1390-1393 Full Text: PDF (65 kB)
Traps with Near-Midgap Energies at the Bonded Si/SiO2 Interface in Silicon-on-Insulator Structures
I. V. Antonova, V. P. Popov, V. I. Polyakov, and A. I. Rukovishnikov
pp. 1394-1399 Full Text: PDF (89 kB)
Kinetics of the Growth of an Amorphous Layer at the Surface of Silicon Bombarded with Fast Heavy Ions at Low Temperatures
A. Yu. Azarov
pp. 1400-1401 Full Text: PDF (27 kB)
LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS
Formation and Optical Properties of CuInSe2xTe2(1 – x) Nanoparticles in a Silicate Glass Matrix
I. V. Bodnar', N. P. Solovei, V. S. Gurin, and A. P. Molochko
pp. 1402-1408 Full Text: PDF (269 kB)
Intersubband Absorption of Light in Selectively Doped Asymmetric Double Tunnel-Coupled Quantum Wells
V. L. Zerova, V. V. Kapaev, L. E. Vorob'ev, D. A. Firsov, S. Schmidt, E. A. Zibik, A. Seilmeier, and E. Towe
pp. 1409-1415 Full Text: PDF (97 kB)
AMORPHOUS, VITREOUS, AND POROUS SEMICONDUCTORS
Size Distribution of Cobalt Nanoclusters in an Amorphous Carbon Matrix
V. I. Ivanov-Omskii, A. V. Kolobov, A. B. Lodygin, and S. G. Yastrebov
pp. 1416-1418 Full Text: PDF (184 kB)
PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes Based on GaInAsSb Solid Solutions Grown from Lead-Containing Solution–Melts
A. P. Astakhova, E. A. Grebenshchikova, É. V. Ivanov, A. N. Imenkov, E. V. Kunitsyna, Ya. A. Parkhomenko, and Yu. P. Yakovlev
pp. 1419-1425 Full Text: PDF (79 kB)
Luminescence Properties of Cylindrical ZnO Microcavities
A. N. Gruzintsev, V. T. Volkov, S. V. Dubonos, M. A. Knyazev, and E. E. Yakimov
pp. 1426-1429 Full Text: PDF (93 kB)
Ultralow Internal Optical Loss in Separate-Confinement Quantum-Well Laser Heterostructures
S. O. Slipchenko, D. A. Vinokurov, N. A. Pikhtin, Z. N. Sokolova, A. L. Stankevich, I. S. Tarasov, and Zh. I. Alferov
pp. 1430-1439 Full Text: PDF (113 kB)Archived web conten
Semiconductors V. 37, I. 03
No full textSemiconductors -- March 2003
Volume 37, Issue 3, pp. 239-366
ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS
Temperature Dependence of the Band Structure of 3C, 2H, 4H, and 6H SiC Polytypes
S. M. Zubkova, L. N. Rusina, and E. V. Smelyanskaya
pp. 239-248 Full Text: PDF (136 kB)
Fine Structure of the Long-Wavelength Edge of Exciton–Phonon Absorption and Hyperbolic Excitons in Silicon Carbide of 6H Polytype
A. P. Krokhmal'
pp. 249-255 Full Text: PDF (87 kB)
Effect of Gadolinium Impurity on Transmittance and Reflectance of Hg3In2Te6 Crystals
P. M. Gorlei, O. G. Grushka, and Z. M. Grushka
pp. 256-258 Full Text: PDF (46 kB)
Photoelectric Properties of ZnO Films Doped with Cu and Ag Acceptor Impurities
A. N. Gruzintsev, V. T. Volkov, and E. E. Yakimov
pp. 259-262 Full Text: PDF (54 kB)
Arrangement of Arsenic Atoms in the PbTe Lattice
S. A. Nemov, P. P. Seregin, S. M. Irkaev, and N. P. Seregin
pp. 263-265 Full Text: PDF (43 kB)
Polyamidine Supramolecular Structures—a New Class of Photosensitive Polymeric Semiconductors
E. L. Aleksandrova, M. M. Dudkina, and A. V. Ten'kovtsev
pp. 266-270 Full Text: PDF (64 kB)
Thermal Transport of Charge and Polarization of 1.2-eV Luminescence Broad Band in Uniaxially Strained n-GaAs:Te
A. A. Gutkin and M. A. Reshchikov
pp. 271-275 Full Text: PDF (72 kB)
Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Solid Solutions with Phonon Scattering by Off-Center Impurities
E. A. Gurieva, P. P. Konstantinov, L. V. Prokof'eva, Yu. I. Ravich, and M. I. Fedorov
pp. 276-282 Full Text: PDF (88 kB)
Effect of Annealing in Zn Vapor and Liquid Zn on Photoluminescence of High-Purity Polycrystalline ZnTe
V. S. Bagaev, V. V. Zaitsev, Yu. V. Klevkov, V. S. Krivobok, and E. E. Onishchenko
pp. 283-287 Full Text: PDF (74 kB)
The Role of Tin in Reactions Involving Carbon Interstitial Atoms in Irradiated Silicon
L. I. Khirunenko, O. A. Kobzar', Yu. V. Pomozov, M. G. Sosnin, and N. A. Tripachko
pp. 288-293 Full Text: PDF (85 kB)
SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES, INTERFACES, AND SURFACES
Layer Structure of Zn1 – xCdxSe Films Grown by Vapor-Phase Epitaxy from Metal–Organic Compounds on Cd0.92Zn0.08S(0001) Substrates
V. P. Martovitsky, V. I. Kozlovsky, P. I. Kuznetsov, Ya. K. Skasyrsky, and G. G. Yakushcheva
pp. 294-301 Full Text: PDF (136 kB)
ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS
Properties of Shallow-Level D–-Centers in Polar Semiconductors
N. I. Kashirina, V. D. Lakhno, V. V. Sychev, and M. K. Sheinkman
pp. 302-306 Full Text: PDF (60 kB)
SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURE, INTERFACES, AND SURFACES
On the Modification of a Silicon Surface Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
V. M. Kornilov and A. N. Lachinov
pp. 307-311 Full Text: PDF (319 kB)
LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS
Phonon Spectra of (GaAs)n(Ga1 – xAlxAs)m Superlattices According to the Keating Model
E. N. Prykina, Yu. I. Polygalov, and A. V. Kopytov
pp. 312-313 Full Text: PDF (27 kB)
Luminescence from ZnO Quantum Dots Deposited with Synthetic Opal
A. N. Gruzintsev, V. T. Volkov, G. A. Emel'chenko, I. A. Karpov, V. M. Masalov, G. M. Mikhailov, and E. E. Yakimov
pp. 314-316 Full Text: PDF (81 kB)
Structure of Energy Quantum Levels in a Quantum Dot Shaped as an Oblate Body of Revolution
G. G. Zegrya, O. V. Konstantinov, and A. V. Matveentsev
pp. 317-321 Full Text: PDF (70 kB)
Investigation of the Physical Properties of Semiconductor Nanostructures Using Samples with Laterally Nonuniform Layers: 1. Photoluminescence
Yu. V. Khabarov
pp. 322-328 Full Text: PDF (90 kB)
Conductivity of One-Dimensional Semiconductor with Periodic Potential
S. D. Beneslavskii, A. A. Elistratov, and S. V. Shibkov
pp. 329-335 Full Text: PDF (95 kB)
AMORPHOUS, VITREOUS, AND POROUS SEMICONDUCTORS
Spectra of Photoluminescence from Silicon Nanocrystals
É. B. Kaganovich, É. G. Manoilov, I. R. Basylyuk, and S. V. Svechnikov
pp. 336-339 Full Text: PDF (65 kB)
Kinetics of Growth of Surface Amorphous Layers under Irradiation of Silicon with Low-Energy Light Ions
A. I. Titov, A. Yu. Azarov, and V. S. Belyakov
pp. 340-346 Full Text: PDF (100 kB)
Structure and Optical Properties of C60 Films on Polymer Substrates
*Yu. F. Biryulin, V. N. Zgonnik, E. Yu. Melenevskaya, S. N. Mikov, S. S. Moliver, S. E. Orlov, A. V. Novoselova, V. D. Petrikov, V. V. Rozanov, D. A. Sykmanov, and M. A. Yagovkina
pp. 347-353 Full Text: PDF (160 kB)
PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
Tunnel Emission of Electrons in Photo-Field Detectors and in an Auger Transistor in Very Strong Electric Fields
V. D. Kalganov, N. V. Mileshkina, and E. V. Ostroumova
pp. 354-359 Full Text: PDF (77 kB)
Charge Transport in Superlattices with Low-Strength Barriers and the Problem of a Terahertz Bloch Oscillator
A. A. Andronov, I. M. Nefedov, and A. V. Sosnin
pp. 360-366 Full Text: PDF (84 kB)Archived web conten
Аппроксимационные свойства нильпотентных групп
No full textLet π be a set of primes. Recall that a group G is said to be a residually finite π-group if for every nonidentity element a of G there exists a homomorphism of the group G onto some finite π-group such that the image of the element a differs from 1. A group G will be said to be a virtually residually finite π-group if it contains a finite index subgroup which is a residually finite π-group. Recall that an element g in G is said to be π-radicable if g is an m-th power of an element of G for every positive π-number m. Let N be a nilpotent group and let all power subgroups in N are finitely separable. It is proved that N is a residually finite π-group if and only if N has no nonidentity π-radicable elements. Suppose now that π does not coincide with the set Π of all primes. Let π 0 be the complement of π in the set Π. And let T be a π 0 component of N i.e. T be a set of all elements of N whose orders are finite π 0 -numbers. We prove that the following three statements are equivalent: (1) the group N is a virtually residually finite π-group; (2) the subgroup T is finite and quotient group N/T is a residually finite π-group; (3) the subgroup T is finite and T coincides with the set of all π-radicable elements of N
Monitoring of Fine Particulate Air Pollution as a Factor in Urban Planning Decisions
No full textAbstractThe article substantiates the importance of assessing air pollution when making town-planning decisions. It focuses on the composition of fine dust. The article considers the issues of describing dust concentration using the theory of stationary random functions. Such approach allows not only to obtain the characteristics of the particulate composition of dust in the air, but also to determine a number of additional parameters, namely, mean residence time of fractional concentration above the predetermined level, the average number of times when fractional concentration per time unit exceeds the standard. The article offers the methods and calculations of probability of dust concentration exceeding hygienic standards by the example of three districts of Volgograd. The results of these calculations are presented. Based on this research, several industries in the city received recommendations to reduce their emissions into the atmosphere
Changements intervenant dans l’ultrastructure de la barrière alvéolo-capillaire lors de l’œdème pulmonaire experimental chez le lapin
No full textLazarov V., Belak M. Changements intervenant dans l’ultrastructure de la barrière alvéolo-capillaire lors de l’oedème pulmonaire expérimental chez le lapin. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 122 n°1, 1969. pp. 59-64
Europe in 1871-1900: Political Equilibrium or Preparation to War?
No full textThis article analyzes the international relations in Europe in the last third of the XIX century. The major international conflicts of the period are considered, primarily the problem of the German-French relations. The political and diplomatic circumstances of "war anxieties" of 1875 and 1887 are analyzed. The evolution of foreign policy principles and approaches that have guided the governments of Russia and Great Britain in the situation of a possible military conflict between Germany and France are traced. The attention is paid to the impossibility of coordination between Russia and Great Britain during the European crisis of 1887. The changes in foreign policy and diplomacy of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck after the unification of Germany are marked. The attention is paid to the question of the balance of forces of leading European countries in the military field. According to the author, the diplomatic resolution of international crises during this period suggests that European governments viewed the war only as a last resort, an undesirable way to implement their foreign policy goals. Consequently, we can talk about establishing in Europe a long period of political equilibrium and groundlessness of traditional historiographical perspectives, considering European relations in 1871-1900 mainly as the beginning of folding World War I prerequisitesСтатья посвящена анализу международных отношений в Европе в последней трети XIX века. Рассматриваются главные международные конфликты этого периода, в первую очередь проблемы германо-французских отношений. Анализируются политические и дипломатические обстоятельства «военных тревог» 1875 и 1887 годов. Прослеживается эволюция внешнеполитических принципов и подходов, которыми руководствовались правительства России и Великобритании в ситуации возможного военного столкновения между Германией и Францией. Обращается внимание на невозможность координации действий России и Великобритании во время европейского кризиса 1887 года. Отмечаются изменения во внешней политике и дипломатии канцлера Отто фон Бисмарка после объединения Германии. Уделяется внимание вопросу о соотношении сил ведущих европейских государств в военной области. По мнению автора статьи, дипломатическое урегулирование международных кризисов в данный период свидетельствует о том, что правительства европейских государств рассматривали войну только как крайний, нежелательный способ реализации своих внешнеполитических целей. Следовательно, можно говорить об установлении в Европе длительного периода политического равновесия и неубедительности традиционных историографических точек зрения, рассматривающих европейские отношения 1871-1900 годов преимущественно как начало складывания предпосылок первой мировой войн
On Relations between Russia and Europe in ХVII–XVIII Centuries
No full textThe article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of Russian international position in the XVII–XVIII centuries and to the change of the status of Russia in perception by Europeans from external, rather «Asian» state to European, though in many respects alien and obscure, power. In the article the main milestones of the European policy of Russia, features of its relations with Europe within the Westphalian system of the international relations are conceptually tracked. The attention is paid to the questions of the large-scale Russian army reorganization, the military industry development. Changes in the character and methods of the Russian foreign policy, particularly readiness of the government to allow country’s participation in the international agreements and unions, are noted. Diplomacy received recognition as one of the most important directions in the state activities. From the second half of the XVIII century Russia actively participated in maintenance of the European balance, no large European problem was solved without direct or indirect participation of Russia. Nevertheless, according to the author of article, it is impossible to speak about organic inclusion of Russia in the European relations’ system because in the European ruling circles and public consciousness Russia was perceived as something alien, external towards EuropeСтатья посвящена анализу трансформации международного положения Российского государства в XVII–XVIII веках, изменению его статуса в восприятии европейцев от внешнего, скорее «азиатского», государства до европейской, хотя и во многом чуждой и малопонятной, державы. В статье концептуально прослежены основные вехи европейской политики России, особенности ее взаимоотношений с Европой в рамках Вестфальской системы международных отношений. Уделяется внимание вопросам масштабной реорганизации русской армии, развития военной промышленности. Отмечаются изменения в характере и методах внешней политики России, в частности готовность правительства допускать участие страны в международных соглашениях и союзах. Дипломатия получила признание как важнейшее направление государственной деятельности. Со второй половины XVIII века Россия активно участвовала в поддержании европейского баланса, ни одна крупная европейская проблема не решалась без прямого или косвенного участия России. Тем не менее, по мнению автора статьи, нельзя говорить об органичном включении России в систему европейских отношений, поскольку в европейских правящих кругах и общественном сознании Россия воспринималась как нечто чуждое, внешнее по отношению к Европ
Pitirim Sorokin about Impact of Civil War on Russian Society Condition
No full textThe article is devoted to the investigation of the heritage of the famous Russian scientist Pitirim Aleksandrovich Sorokin, forcibly expelled from Soviet Russia in August 1922. The main attention is paid to P. Sorokin’s works, published in 1921-1922, in which the scientist attempted to analyze systematically the demographic, socio-economic, political, mental and moral changes in Russian society caused by the revolution and civil war. The attention is drawn to the profundity of P. Sorokin’s research. The author not only analyzes the situation in the country in the early years of NEP, but also tries to understand the global impact of the military-revolutionary upheavals of 1914-1921, their possible impact on the development prospects of the Russian state and society. The article examines the scientific arguments used by P. Sorokin in support of his thesis about the bankruptcy and the collapse of the main slogans of the revolution of 1917, which were turned into its opposite as a result of civil war. The nature and consequences of P. Sorokin’s polemics with the leader of the Soviet state Bolshevik Party Lenin are showed. By the example of Sorokin’s personal destiny the absolute intolerance to any dissent inherent in the totalitarian regime is considered. It is concluded that, taking into account the realities of the Soviet Union of 1920-1930, the forcible expulsion was the best alternative for P. SorokinСтатья посвящена изучению творческого наследия известного русского учёного Питирима Александровича Сорокина, насильственно высланного из Советской России в августе 1922 года. Главное внимание уделяется работам П. А. Сорокина, опубликованным в 1921-1922 гг., в которых учёный предпринял попытку системного анализа демографических, социально-экономических, политических и духовно-нравственных изменений в российском обществе, произошедших в результате революции и гражданской войны. Обращается внимание на глубину исследований П. А. Сорокина, который не только анализирует положение в стране в первые годы НЭПа, но и пытается осмыслить глобальные последствия военно-революционных потрясений 1914-1921 гг., их возможное влияние на перспективы развития российского общества и государства. В статье рассматриваются научные аргументы, приводимые П. А. Сорокиным в поддержку своего тезиса о банкротстве и крушении основных лозунгов революции 1917 года, превратившихся в результате гражданской войны в свою противоположность. Показаны характер и последствия полемики П. А. Сорокина с руководителем большевистской партии Советского государства В. И. Лениным. На примере личной судьбы П. А. Сорокина рассматривается свойственная тоталитарному режиму абсолютная нетерпимость к любому проявлению инакомыслия. Делается вывод, что с учётом советских реалий 1920-1930-х гг. насильственная высылка из страны стала для П. А. Сорокина лучшим варианто
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