181 research outputs found
The contribution of Kharkiv university scientists to the development of historical and legal science (First half of the XIX century)
No full textGrechenko, V. The contribution of kharkiv university scientists to the development of historical and legal science (First half of the XIX century). – History of Science and Technology. – 2020. – № 10 (2). – Р. 293-303. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2020-10-2-293-303У статті автор, базуючись на методологічних принципах історизму, об’єктивності, системності, дослідив конкретний доробок вчених Харківського університету, які працювали в першій половині ХІХ ст., у становлення та розвиток науки «Історія держави та права». Їхні наукові розробки, відповідно до основної тенденції в генезі цієї науки в той час, були зосереджені навколо права Київської Русі і, зокрема, змісту Руської Правди.In the article, the author, based on the methodological principles of historicism, objectivity, systematics, explored the specific achievements of Kharkiv University scientists, who worked in the first half of the XIX century, in the formation and development of science History of State and Law. Their scientific works, in accordance with the main trend in the genesis of this science at that time, were centered around the law of Kyiv Rus and, in particular, the content of the Rus’ka Pravda (Russian Truth).В статье автор, основываясь на методологических принципах историзма, объективности, системности, исследовал конкретный вклад ученых Харьковского университета, работавших в первой половине XIX в., в становление и развитие науки «История права». Их научные разработки, в соответствии с основной тенденцией в генезисе этой науки в то время, были сосредоточены вокруг права Киевской Руси и, в частности, содержания Русской Правды
Боротьба міліції з хуліганством в УСРР у роки непу (1921–1929)
No full textGrechenko, V.A. (2015), “Fight of militia against hooliganism in Ukrainian SSR in the years of new economic policy (1921–1929)”, [“Borotba militsii z khulihanstvom v USRR u roky nepu (1921–1929)”], Visnyk Kharkivskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav, No. 2, pp. 51-60.Греченко, В. А. Боротьба міліції з хуліганством в УСРР у роки непу (1921–1929) // Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ. - 2015. - № 2 (69). - С.51-60.Розглянуто основні аспекти боротьби міліції з хуліганством у період нової економічної політики в Україні, причини цього явища, його рівень.A fight against hooliganism today is the same actual, as well as 100 years ago. One of important pages of it’s history is a period of new economic policy. Complex research on this subjects in Ukraine does not exist. Taking into account actuality and scale of this theme, its insufficient investigationalness, an author put an aim to himself to analyse reasons of hooliganism in time of new economic policy and basic forms and methods of fight of militia with this anomalous social phenomenon. Wars and revolution deformed the normal process of initial socialization of young people, that became one of reasons of increase of hooliganism in a peace-time. A large value for escalation hooliganism had the use of alcohol and drugs. In this time on the streets of cities the real war developed between militiamen and hooligans. The events of fight on hooliganism were divided into two categories: events of administrative character and events sent directly to the fight against the already accomplished hooligan acts. At the end of 1920th for a fight against hooliganism working detachments, evening and night roundups and even deportation and reference of hooligans, began to be used in the administrative order.Рассмотрены основные аспекты борьбы милиции с хулиганством в период новой экономической политики в Украине, причины этого явления, его уровень
Research of Civil and Legal Relations of Kievan Rus Period Made by Professor P. P. Tsitovich (1843-1913)
No full textThe subject matter of the research is the creative work of the professor of Kharkiv, Kyiv, Odesa and St. Petersburg Universities P. P. Tsitovich related to some aspects of the law of Kievan Rus. The novelty of the work is the fact that this problem in the historical and legal literature has not been studied yet. For the first time, the author of the article has studied the main aspects of scientific research accomplished by professor P. P. Tsitovich in the field of civil law of the period of the Old Russian State. The author of this research has used historical, formal and logical methods.
It has been discovered that the first sources were Russo-Byzantine treaties of the X century, which were the beginning of his research; the author of the article has accomplished a comparative analysis of his points of view on these issues as well as the opinions of his contemporaries – scholars from other Universities; has analyzed his thoughts about testamentary heritage in the Ancient Russia era.
It has been also established that P. P. Tsitovich concluded that the treaties between Rus and Byzantine Empire of the X century are irrelevant for the history of Russian succession law both in nature and through the confusion of the resolutions contained there. He believed that they did not determine the system and procedure of inheritance. This point of view did not coincide with the opinion of most law historians of that time.
P. Tsitovich also expressed his opinion about the general characteristics of the property relations of the Kievan Rus era. He believed that the land itself did not have any value in that era and it was only received as a household.
P. Tsitovich also expressed his opinion that the equal relations between men and women in the family are possible, in case if a woman was not stolen and was not purchased, but voluntary got married like in the equal to equal relationships.
The scholar’s work put forward two dogmas related to inheritance: 1) heirs – are children in general, but the preference is given to men over women; 2) unmarried women have the right to a part of the inheritance if there are brothers.
The works of P. P. Tsitovich in the sphere of succession law and marital relations of the Kievan Rus era have a certain significance at the present time
Агентурно-розыскная деятельность милиции в 1920-е годы
No full textГреченко, В. А. Агентурно-розшукова діяльність міліції УСРР у 1920-ті роки / В. А. Греченко // Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ. - 2016. - № 3(74). - С. 84–95.Греченко В. А. "Агентурно-розшукова діяльність міліції УСРР у 1920-ті роки." Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ 3 (2016): 84-95.Grechenko, V.A. (2016), “Secret and investigative activities of militia in
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1920s” [Ahenturno-rozshukova diialnist militsii USRR u 1920-ti roky], Visnyk Kharkivskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav, No. 3, pp. 84–95.Розглянуто досвід оперативно-розшукової діяльності міліції в Україні у
період нової економічної політики. Проаналізовано правову основу організації
карного розшуку, залучення для протидії злочинності агентури, інформаторів
та використання інших негласних методів роботи.The process of formation of operational and search activities in militia of Soviet Ukraine in 1920s has been researched. This problem is not enough studied and
has been just started to be developed.
It has been established that operational and search activities in militia of
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic started together with the formation of the criminal investigation office in the Republic. The author has analyzed the legal basis of
criminal investigation office’s organization, involvement of agents and informants for
combating crime and usage of other covert methods of work. It has been indicated
that the concepts of “secret agent” and “covert informant” differed in those days.
Secret-service agents were referred to as people who had a certain monthly salary,
who were assigned with certain intelligence tasks both according to their residence
and on-site to other places. Covert informants were called people who provided information on specific crimes and representatives of the criminal world for criminal
investigation office without leaving their main profession or occupation. Personnel of
covert informants had to be enrolled mainly among persons close to the criminal world
and those who had a continuous relationship with it, or among large institutions – enterprises, factories, plants or cooperatives, where embezzlement could happen, as well
as within the institutions, which were in charge of the distribution of supplies and transport. Secret-service agents in order of conspiracy could be provided with documents
under the fictitious name from various Soviet institutions and enterprises.
Specific examples of solving crimes with the help of secret-service agents and
covert informants have been provided; and the shortcomings of this work have been
summarized. The author has summed up that despite the lack of personnel and financial difficulties, inherent to this period of the republic’s history, secret and investigative activities played a significant role in combating crime and solving crimes.Рассмотрен опыт оперативно-розыскной деятельности милиции в Украине
в период новой экономической политики. Проанализированы правовая основа организации уголовного розыска, привлечение для противодействия преступности
агентуры, информаторов и использование других негласных методов работы
Регулирование дорожного движения в Украине в 1920-е годы
No full textГреченко, В. А. Регулювання дорожнього руху в Україні у 1920-ті роки / В. А. Греченко // Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ. - 2016. - № 2. - С. 96-102.Греченко В. А. "Регулювання дорожнього руху в Україні у 1920-ті роки." Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ 2 (2016): 96-102.Grechenko, V. A. (2016), “Traffic Regulation in Ukraine in 1920s“ [Rehuliuvannia dorozhnoho rukhu v Ukraini u 1920-ti roky], Visnyk
Kharkivskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav, No. 2, pp. 96-102.Розглянуто основні аспекти становлення системи організації регулювання
дорожнього руху в добу непу в Україні, показано роль міліції у цьому процесі.It is indicated that there was no universal traffic rules for the entire Soviet
Union in 1920s, they were worked out at the local level. The rules contained requirements
for drivers: existence of the driving licenses and road sheet; requirements for
the registration signs; requirements for the cars and their registration; the rules of
exploitation of certain types of cars were described. They contained traffic speed limits
in the city, including at night time, records of vehicles and inspectors’ work. The
responsibility for the compliance with the rules was put on inspection of transport
department of the relevant local council. The traffic was regulated in order to create
the conditions for traffic safety, longstanding jams were neutralized, high transport
capacity of streets and convenience of highway service were guaranteed, technical
transport speed was increased and its use was improved. From 1921 militia officers
were offered to learn not only political literacy, arithmetic and Russian language, but
mandatory traffic regulation. As the number of automobile transport was increased it
was militia, which was responsible for traffic regulation.Рассмотрены основные аспекты становления системы организации регулирования дорожного движения во время нэпа в Украине, показана роль милиции в этом процессе
Дослідження професором О. І. Палюмбецьким (1811–1897) судових доказів доби Київської Русі
No full textThe objective of the article is to highlight the scientific work of Professor O. I. Paliumbetskyi in the field of the history of Old Russian law. This objective is specified in the following tasks: to show how the witnesses testimonies were evaluated by scholars; what significance he gave to probations in the system of court evidence of the time of Kievan Rus; where he saw the peculiarities of the Russian legislation regarding court evidence in comparison with the German one.
The scientific novelty of the article is the fact that it first reveals the essence of the scientific contribution of O. I. Paliumbetskyi to the study of the judicial process of the Kievan Rus period.
The author has demonstrated what kind of court evidence of this time he considered the basic, in particular, the author has revealed his understanding of the value of witness testimony (including outcomes and obituaries), probations and oaths. The scholar has stressed that the development of justice largely depended on the formation of statehood in Russia – there was the evolution of the legal process with its genesis. O. I. Paliumbetskyi drew attention to the fact that the distinctive feature of the most ancient laws of many peoples was the identity of private and criminal law, according to which all decisions regarding private relations between individuals were at the same time criminal law, and certain punishment was provided for their violation. The researcher has shown that the testimony of witnesses in Old Russian law served as the basis of the whole system, and all other evidence was related to it. Considering the significance of the oath in legal proceedings of that period, O. I. Paliumbetskyi noted that the right to prove by the oath in the old Russian laws equally belonged to both the indictor and the accused. The first used it when he was not able to provide any evidence, even imperfect, and the latter used the oath as a mean of purging from the evidence against him. The scholar pointed out that the fight between the parties, according to the Russian law, was used in the absence of evidence of a plaintiff and, moreover, served as evidence for a defendant, who could replace it with other means of defense, except for the oath. O. I. Paliumbetskyi came to the conclusion that the influence of German legislation on the Old Russian one in relation to the system of court evidence was insignificant.Проанализированы творческие наработки профессора и ректора Харьковского университета А. И. Палюмбецкого относительно некоторых аспектов права Киевской Руси. Основное внимание уделено его научным взглядам касательно судебных доказательств в древнерусском законодательстве по сравнению с германским. Проанализировано, как оценивались учёным такие доказательства, как собственное признание, разного рода испытания, показания свидетелей.Проаналізовано творчий доробок професора та ректора Харківського університету О. І. Палюмбецького стосовно деяких аспектів права Київської Русі. Основну увагу приділено його науковим поглядам щодо судових доказів у давньоруському законодавстві порівняно з германським. Проаналізовано, як оцінювалися вченим такі докази, як власне зізнання, різного роду випробування, показання свідків
Разработка профессором И. М. Собестианским (вторая половина ХІХ в.) вопроса о круговой поруке в Киевской Руси
No full textГреченко, В. А. Розробка професором І. М. Собестіанським (друга половина ХІХ ст.) питання про кругову поруку в Київській Русі / В. А. Греченко // Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ. – 2017. – № 4 (79). - С.34-41.Grechenko, V.A. (2017), “Elaboration of the issue on joint responsibility in
Kievan Rus by Professor I. M. Sobestiansky (second half of the XIX century)”
[Rozrobka profesorom I. M. Sobestianskym (dryha polovyna XIX st.) pytannia
pro kruhovu poruku v Kyivskii Rusi], Visnyk Kharkivskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu
Vnutrishnikh Sprav, No. 4, pp. 34–41.Проаналізовано творчий доробок історика права ХІХ ст. І. М. Собестіанського щодо деяких аспектів права Київської Русі. Основну увагу приділено
його науковим поглядам щодо розуміння кругової поруки в давньоруському праві.The author has analyzed the creative work of the law historian of the XIX century
I. M. Sobestiansky (1856–1895) in regard to some aspects of the law in Kievan Rus.
The main attention has been paid to his scientific views on understanding the joint responsibility
in the Old Russian law.
The scholar stressed the need to study ancient Russian law in connection with
other Slavic laws, believing that it could reveal many controversial issues of the ancient
Russian law. However, he warned that three important conditions should be followed.
First of all, we should use only such sources, the historical reliability of which is not
subject to doubt. Secondly, reliable sights should be subjected to philological elaboration
in advance. Thirdly, starting a comparative study of any ancient institution, one
must be free from all biased ideas generated by the sense of national pride.
It has been noted that under the institution of joint responsibility in the XIX century
scholars understood the group responsibility of the ancient territorial communities
for crimes committed in their district. I. M. Sobestiansky argued that the basis of the joint
responsibility is not the commonality of origin, but the relations of neighborhood and
public land tenure, since joint responsibility in Russia is mentioned in Russkaia Pravda
concerning the responsibility of the rural territorial community (“verv”). The researcher
drew attention to those cases when such a community freed from a fine (“vyra”).
In his study on the joint responsibility I. M. Sobestiansky picked up homogeneous
facts to the facts of Slavic history from the legislation of the Hindus, Jews, Old-
German law, legal customs of Montenegro, Albanians and other peoples. As a result, he
made a substantiated conclusion that the joint responsibility is inherent not only to
Slavic people, but exists in many nations, being a product of a certain degree of social
development.Проанализирована творческая наработка историка права ХІХ в. И. М. Собестианского относительно некоторых аспектов права Киевской Руси. Основное
внимание уделено его научным взглядам относительно понимания круговой поруки в древнерусском праве
Боротьба міліції з проституцією в УСРР у добу непу (1921–1929 рр.)
No full textGrechenko, V.A. (2015), “Fight of militia against a prostitution in Ukrainian SSR during a new economic policy (1921–1929)” [“Borotba militsii z prostytutsiieiu v USRR u dobu nepu (1921–1929 rr.)”], Visnyk Kharkivskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav, No. 1, pp. 22-33.Греченко, В. А. Боротьба міліції з проституцією в УСРР у добу непу (1921–1929 рр.) // Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ. - 2015. - № 1 (68). - С. 22-33.Розглянуто основні аспекти боротьби міліції з проституцією в період нової економічної політики в Україні, причини проституції, її рівень.With coming to power of bolshevists there is a prostitution, criminality and another negative social phenomena began to be examined as disgraceful heritage, vestige of capitalist line-up. This idea underlay activity of the soviet state on a fight against a prostitution. During active legislative activity norms were accepted about the criminal proceeding of persons, engaging women in the sphere of commercial sex and containing the dens of debauch. The legislative fixing of possibility of a force physical examination of persons probably having a venereal disease had influence on the decline of height of number of infected. Measures accepted in the Soviet state, on a fight against a prostitution were more effective, than those, that were used in preceding periods. However the self phenomenon continued to exist, «sale love» continued to be in demand, though substantially less, than before. Insufficient efficiency of the conducted events was partly conditioned by absence of the required capital investments, that explained by limit possibilities of country trying to overcome an economic crisis, and also walking of the state away from a market economy and passing to industrialization that entailed application of new measures in regard to the sphere of commercial sex.Рассмотрены основные аспекты борьбы милиции с проституцией в период новой экономической политики в Украине, причины проституции, ее уровень
Purges in militia of Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic in 1920s
No full textГреченко, В. А. Чистки в міліції УСРР у 1920-ті роки / В. А. Греченко // Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ. - 2016. - № 4 (75). - С. 69–76.Греченко В. А. "Чистки в міліції УСРР у 1920-ті роки." Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ 4 (2016): 69-76.Grechenko, V.A. (2016), “Purges in militia of Ukrainian Socialist Soviet
Republic in 1920s [Chystky v militsii USRR u 1920-ti roky], Visnyk
Kharkivskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav, No. 4, pp. 69–76.Розглянуто процес чисток в міліції УСРР протягом 1920-х років, проаналізовано причини цього явища, як відбувався цей процес, які мав особливості та
наслідки.Purge of the ranks of law enforcement agencies from unqualified, staff unfit for such
work, offenders was always relevant and challenging task. And now, with the creation of
police in Ukraine, the severity of the problem has not diminished. The author of this article
attempts to reveal the process of purging the ranks of Soviet militia during the NEP period.
Purges in militia occurred by the example of purges of the ranks in the ruling
Communist Party then. The reason for purges was releasing the militia out of former
White Guards, members of the rebel movement, gangs. Specially created attestation
committees organized and carried out the purges. They were granted the right to invite,
if necessary, all persons they considered appropriate, and to demand from them and
organizations documents and comments on the activities of militia and its employees. All
employees had to pass through these committees, regardless of experience and position.
Exceptions were only the members of the party – their nominations were considered at
meetings of the local communist organizations. The meetings of committees took place
in social clubs, manufactories, the village assemblies. The lists of dismissed and kept
militia officers after the purges were published in the newspapers, thus the process was
rather transparent. The largest and class essentially purge was in 1923. The main reasons for dismissal in 1925 were mainly criminal offenses, such as bribery, abuse of detainees, drinking, contact with the criminal underworld, inadequacy to the position.
Purges in militia were primarily aimed at the implementation of class line in the selection of personnel for law enforcement agencies and only then – taking into account professional features and countering crimes and misdemeanors in this environment. In
general, purges, despite the dismissal of professionals on social grounds, played a positive role in the formation and development of militia in the NEP period.Рассмотрен процесс чисток в милиции УССР в течение 1920-х годов,
проанализированы причины этого явления, как происходил этот процесс, какие
имел особенности и последствия
Противодействие нарушениям законности в деятельности милиции УССР в 1920-е годы
No full textГреченко, В. А. Протидія порушенням законності в діяльності міліції УСРР у 1920-ті роки / В. А. Греченко // Право і Безпека. - 2016. - № 2. - С. 24-31.Греченко В. А. "Протидія порушенням законності в діяльності міліції УСРР у 1920-ті роки." Право і Безпека 2 (2016): 24-31.Grechenko, V.A. (2016), “Combating legality violations within militia activities of Ukrainian SSR in 1920s”
[“Protydiia porushenniam zakonnosti v diialnosti militsii USRR u 1920-ti roky”], Pravo i Bezpeka, No. 2,
pp. 24–31.Розглянуто деякі негативні аспекти в діяльності міліції в радянській Україні в період нової
економічної політики – хабарництво та зловживання владою. Проаналізовано причини цього
явища. Розглянуто конкретні випадки виявів корупції та спроби протидії їй.It is noted that the history of the Soviet militia – is not only the history of crime combating, where the
militia acted as an active fighter against criminals. It is also the history of combating abuse in their
own ranks, which began with the formation of the Soviet militia. This problem has become significant acute in the 1920s with the implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP), the proliferation of commodity and money relations, serious socio-economic conditions and low living standards
caused by the destruction of the First World War and the Civil War. Crime combating within the
ranks of the militia was relevant in the coming years and now is the same. To overcome it – is an important task of establishing a new police in Ukraine.
Despite the relevance this topic is not popular. It was considered inappropriate to focus on crime
within the police force.
The author has systematized the material on this topic; has considered some of the negative aspects
of the militia activities of the Soviet Ukraine during the period of the NEP – bribery and power
abuse; has analyzed the causes of this phenomenon. The author has studied the most resonant cases
concerning the abuse by the militia officers during this period – «Kherson Case», «Kiev Case»,
measures that were taken regarding the perpetrators out of the militia. The author has also demonstrated the attitude of the militia leading staff to the causes of these phenomena and the measures
taken to overcome them. Some statistics on crime among militia officers have been provided.
It has been summarized that violations of the law by militia officers in 1920s were quite common and
very serious problem, but this phenomenon was struggled, quite strict measures even the death sentence were used to the violators. But to overcome these negative effects within the militia activities
failed, which was due to a number of objective factors such as low level of general culture, difficult
financial situation, lack of work with personnel.Рассмотрены некоторые негативные аспекты в деятельности милиции в советской Украине в
период новой экономической политики – взяточничество и злоупотребление властью. Проанализированы причины этого явления. Рассмотрены конкретные случаи проявлений коррупции и попытки противодействия ей
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