118 research outputs found
Multicenter performance evaluation of the Unyvero IAI cartridge for detection of intra-abdominal infections
No full textIntra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are one of the most common type of infections in patients with sepsis and an important cause of death in intensive care units. Early detection and treatment are necessary to reduce patient complications and improve outcomes. The Unyvero IAI Application (Curetis GmbH) is the first automated assay to rapidly and simultaneously identify a large panel of bacteria, fungi, toxins, and antibiotic resistance markers directly from IAI-related samples. The assay was evaluated in four European clinical laboratories in comparison to routine microbiological practices. A total of 300 clinical samples were tested with an overall sensitivity of 89.3% and specificity of 99.5%, while time to results was reduced by an average of about 17 h compared to identification (ID) results and 41 h compared to full antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) results. The Unyvero IAI was able to detect additional microorganisms compared with culture, in particular anaerobes, with most detections confirmed by sequencing. The most frequent resistance markers detected were mecA/mecC (n = 25), aacA4 (n = 20), and blaCTX-M(n = 17) and carbapenemase genes were identified in nine specimens. Further studies are now required to determine the clinical impact of this new rapid test which could play a role in the successful treatment of IAI
Heterogeneous Extractive Batch Distillation of Chloroform - Methanol – Water : Feasibility and Experiments
No full textA novel heterogeneous extractive distillation process is considered for separating the azeotropic mixture chloroform – methanol in a batch rectifying column, including for the first time an experimental validation of the process. Heterogeneous heavy entrainer water is selected inducing an unstable ternary heteroazeotrope and a saddle binary heteroazeotrope with chloroform (ternary diagram class 2.1-2b). Unlike to well-known heterogeneous azeotropic distillation process and thanks to continuous water feeding at the column top, the saddle binary heteroazeotrope chloroform – water is obtained at the column top, condensed and further split into the liquid – liquid decanter where the chloroform-rich phase is drawn as distillate. First, feasibility analysis is carried out by using a simplified differential model in the extractive section for determining the proper range of the entrainer flowrate and the reflux ratio. The operating conditions and reflux policy are validated by rigorous simulation with ProSim Batch Column® where technical features of a bench scale distillation column have been described. Six reproducible experiments are run in the bench scale column matching the simulated operating conditions with two sequentially increasing reflux ratio values. Simulation and experiments agree well. With an average molar purity higher than 99%, more than 85% of recovery yield was obtained for chloroform and methanol
Évaluation et réhabilitation précoce du patient ventilé — Place de la kinésithérapie après l’arrêt de la sédation et des catécholamines
No full textSectorización de la calidad del agua del Arroyo del Azul, provincia de Buenos Aires, mediante la aplicación de técnicas estadísticas multivariadas
No full textIn the basin of the Azul Creek (centre of Buenos Aires Province) different uses are made (agricultural, recreational, the reception of urban effluents). Although there is a physicochemical characterization of its surface, it is necessary to do further studies in order to know the variables that determine the water quality of the resource to be managed more efficiently. This following aims at sectoring the basin according to its water quality and to identify significant parameters to describe the variations. Therefore, multivariate techniques were applied: Cluster (CA) and principal components (PCA) on standardized data.
These techniques come from twelve seasonal campaigns where 27 variables were measured at 14 stations located in different sectors of the basin (n = 168). The results from CA show the formation of two groups: one consisting of samples of the upper and middle basin, and the other of some samples of the middle and lower basin.
Due to the PCA, 3 factors were obtained that explain 53 % of the total variance, reducing the list of parameters to 13, weighing more than 0.70. To conclude, the results obtained by both techniques are consistent since areas with different water quality were identified and those affected by urban effluents were discriminated allowing the identification of parameters which explain this variability. The physicochemical sectoring of surface water which was obtained is not strictly coincident with that determined by the geomorphology and groundwater hydrochemistry.Instituto de Limnología "Raúl A. Ringuelet
Évaluation dynamique au cours de la marche en pré et post opératoire chez des sujets âgés en état de déséquilibre sagittal rachidien : étude prospective
No full textIntroduction: the incidence of sagittal imbalance increases with age, and the origin of art and education quality of life. Current evaluations are based on static studies, not taking into account the role of postural muscles. Our objective is to study the sagittal balance of elderly subjects (> 65 years), before and after spinal surgery correction, our secondary objective is to study paravertebral muscle function. Material and methods: we performed a preoperative and 6-month postoperative follow-up in 8 subjects over the age of 65, presenting one or more criteria for previous imbalance of statics according to Schwab. A clinical evaluation (VAS (lumbar and radicular), ODI, JOA, EIFEL, SF12), a radiographic evaluation (SVA, radiographic lumbar lordosis (T12L3S1-R), a kinematic analysis by 3D accelerometry, a kinetic analysis of gait parameters, an EMG analysis and finally muscle function evaluation according to two tests (SPPB and the functional test of Dubousset). Results: VAS lumbar and radicular, ODI, EIFEL, JOA scores and step width were statistically different after surgery. SVA-D and SVA-R are correlated in positive ways, the SVA-D increases after each bipodal support phase, and the amplitude of hip flexion is not altered after surgery. The muscle activity of the Erector Spinae is more prolonged and less systematized than the healthy subject, without impact of the surgery; the values of EMG of surface (muscular strength) are little modified in post-operative (not significant). The Dubousset test is not statistically different in postoperative, correlated with walking speed, JOA, SF12 PCS and preoperative SPPB. Conclusion: dynamic walking analysis provides additional information on the evolution of sagittal parameters after correction surgery. SVA increases after each phase of bipodal support of the cycle. The muscle activity of Spinae Erectors is modified (longer and disorderly activation) from preoperative. The functional test of Dubousset could be interesting in the evaluation of the deep postural musculature in preoperative.Introduction : l’incidence du déséquilibre sagittal augmente avec l’âge, et est à l’origine de douleurs et d’une altération de la qualité de vie. Les évaluations actuelles sont basées sur des études statiques, ne prenant pas en compte le rôle des muscles posturaux. Notre objectif est d’étudier l’équilibre sagittal de sujets âgés (> 65 ans), avant et après chirurgie rachidienne de correction, notre objectif secondaire est d’étudier la fonction musculaire paravertébrale. Matériel et Méthode : nous avons réalisé un suivi prospectif préopératoire et à 6 mois post opératoire chez 8 sujets de plus de 65 ans, présentant un ou des critères de déséquilibre antérieur de la statique selon Schwab. Chaque sujet était évalué cliniquement au moyen de scores fonctionnels (EVA lombaire, radiculaire, ODI, JOA, EIFEL, SF12 PCS et MCS), évalué radiographiquement sur EOS (Sagittal V ertical Axis (SV A), Lordose lombaire radiographique (T12L3S1-R), de l’incidence pelvienne (IP), de la version pelvienne (VP) et de la pente sacrée (PS)), évalué selon une analyse qualitative de la marche (analyse cinématique par accélérométrie 3D, analyse cinétique sur tapis de marche, analyse EMG) et enfin la fonction musculaire selon deux test (le SPPB et le test fonctionnel de Dubousset). Résultats : les scores EVA Lombaire, radiculaire, ODI, EIFEL, JOA et la largeur du pas sont statistiquement différent après la chirurgie. SVA-D et SVA-R sont corrélés de manières positives, la SVA-D augmente après chaque phase d’appui bipodal, l’amplitude de flexion de hanche n’est pas modifiée après la chirurgie. L’activité musculaire de l’Erecteur Spinae est plus prolongée et moins systématisée que le sujet sain, sans impact de la chirurgie, les valeurs d’EMG de surface (force musculaire) sont peu modifiées en post opératoire (non significatif). Le test de Dubousset n’était pas statistiquement différent en post opératoire, corrélé avec la vitesse de marche, le JOA, le SF12 PCS, et le SPPB en pré opératoire. Conclusion : l’analyse dynamique de la marche apporte des informations complémentaires sur l’évolution des paramètres sagittaux après chirurgie de correction. La SVA augmente après chaque phase d’appui bipodal du cycle. L’activité musculaire des Erecteurs Spinae semble perturbée (activation plus longue et désordonnée) dès le préopératoire. Le test fonctionnel de Dubousset pourrait être intéressant dans l’évaluation de la musculature posturale profonde en pré-opératoire
Communication Technologies for Vehicles: Third International Workshop, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains 2011 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, March 23-24, 2011 Proceedings
No full textThe Communication Technologies for Vehicles workshop series provides an international forum on latest technologies and research in the field of intra- and inter-vehicle communications in which to present original research results in all areas relating to communication protocols and standards, mobility and traffic models, experimental and field operational testing, and performance analysis
Slippery flows of a Carbopol gel in a microchannel
No full textThe ability to predict and/or control wall slip is a fundamental problem in the hydrodynamics of yield stress fluids, which is poorly understood to date and has important applications in bio- A nd microfluidic systems. Systematic measurements of steady flows of a simple yield stress fluid (Carbopol Ultrez 10) in a plane acrylic microchannel are used to establish rigorous scaling laws for the wall velocity gradient and the slip velocity. By means of epifluorescent microscopy combined with a custom-developed digital particle image velocimetry technique, time series of velocity fields were measured within a wide range of flow rates, and three distinct flow regimes were identified: Full plug, partial plug, and fully yielded. Corresponding to each flow regime, wall velocity gradients and slip velocities were obtained by extrapolating the velocity profiles using a smoothing spline function. By combining the flow-field measurements with the macro-rheological measurements, scaling laws for the wall velocity gradient and the slip velocity with the wall shear stress were identified and compared with results from the literature. Detailed microscopic measurements of the velocity field enabled an assessment of the effectiveness of a chemical treatment of the channel walls meant to suppress wall slip proposed by Metivier and co-workers [Soft Matter 8, 7365 (2012)10.1039/c2sm26244d]
Secondary Flow Velocity Field in Laminar Pulsating Flow Through Curved Pipes: PIV Measurements
No full textEffects of different parameters on the secondary flow pattern have been studied experimentally by particle image velocimetry (PIV) for a developing laminar pulsating flow through a circular curved pipe. The curvature ratio is η = rc/r0 = 11 and the curvature angle is 90°. As different secondary flow patterns formed by oscillation cause different transverse mixings, the enhancement of transverse mixing is investigated here. A T-shaped structure installed downstream of the curved pipe allowed PIV measurements obviating light diffraction effects. From knowledge of the velocity components of the secondary flow, the variation in axial vorticity (ξ) and transverse strain (ε) were calculated. The experiments were carried out for the range of stationary Reynolds numbers 420≤Rest≤1000 (corresponding to Dean numbers 126.6≤Dn≤301.51), velocity component ratios 1≤(β = Umax,osc/Um,st)≤4 and frequency parameters 8.37&lt;(α = r0(ω/v)0.5)&lt;24.5. To guarantee being in the laminar regime, the higher values of β (β = 3 and 4) were studied just for Rest = 420. The effects of each parameter ((Rest, β and α) on transverse mixing are discussed by comparing the dimensionless vorticities (|ζP|/|ζS|) and dimensionless transverse strains (|εP|/|εS|) during a complete oscillation period.</jats:p
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