1,720,971 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
O akozmičnem realizmu
No full textIn order to be able to raise the question of the “world” today in an effective way, we have to reactivate the Goethean categories of Weltliteratur and Weltschmerz for a critique of our own historical moment. We need to understand the phenomenon of Weltschmerz as a symptom of the impossibility of Weltliteratur. Going beyond the context of the original formulation of these categories, we could argue that something akin to the historical phenomenon of Weltschmerz emerges every time the ideological constitution of the world threatens to fail. Today, we live in an age of a generalised state of cultural disorientation that has produced its own Weltliteratur, which includes a wide range of discourses about the “world” – from officially endorsed theories of economic globalisation, to scientific treatises on the Anthropocene, environmental protest movements, philosophical pamphlets, all the way to world-historical conspiracy theories. Yet, an anxiety concerning the impossibility of world-formation in general is also recorded in these documents. In order to be able to capture our contemporary Weltschmerz, the article turns to the young Walter Benjamin’s suggestion that the task of this age is to produce an “objective” (rather than subjective) Weltschmerz. However, the most effective tools to conceptualise this objective Weltschmerz come from the traditions of philosophical acosmism. It is a notable philosophical development of our times that some elements of the acosmic tradition have recently resurfaced in speculative realism. Thus, speculative realism could be described as a possible site of our contemporary Weltschmerz: its acosmic metaphysics is repeatedly tamed by a mournful longing for the world.Da bi lahko smiselno postavili vprašanje »sveta« danes, se moramo spomniti na Goethejevi kategoriji Weltliteratur in Weltschmerz, ki nam omogočata kritiko našega lastnega zgodovinskega trenutka. Pojav Weltschmerz moramo razumeti kot simptom nemožnosti Weltliteratur. Če ti kategoriji uporabimo izven konteksta njune izvorne formulacije, lahko ugotovimo, da se nekaj podobnega zgodovinskemu pojavu Weltschmerz pojavi vsakič, ko se zdi, da bo ideološka konstitucija sveta zatajila. Danes živimo v dobi posplošenega stanja kulturne dezorientacije, ki je proizvedla svojo lastno Weltliteratur, vključno s širokim razponom diskurzov o »svetu« od uradno privzetih teorij ekonomske globalizacije prek znanstvenih traktatov o antropocenu, okoljskih protestnih gibanj, filozofskih pamfletov pa vse do svetovno-zgodovinskih teorij zarote. Toda v teh dokumentih je moč prepoznati tudi splošno tesnobo ob nezmožnosti formacije sveta. Da bi lahko zajel sodobni Weltschmerz, se članek obrne na zgodnjega Walterja Benjamina in njegovo pripombo, da je naloga naše dobe proizvesti »objektivni« (namesto subjektivni) Weltschmerz. Vendar najbolj učinkovito orodje za konceptualizacijo takšnega objektivnega Weltschmerz najdemo v filozofski tradiciji akozmizma. Z zanimanjem lahko opažamo, da se nekateri elementi akozmističnih tradicij danes vračajo v spekulativnem realizmu. Slednjega bi lahko torej opisali kot možno mesto sodobnega Weltschmerz: njegovo akozmično metafiziko vedno znova ukroti žalujoče hrepenenje po svetu
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Zarota objektov
No full textThe task this essay set for itself is a reconsideration of the status of the “object” in contemporary forms of philosophical realism that postulate “flat ontologies.” I argue that the theoretical construction of the “object” often comes about in these ontologies through a fetishistic disavowal that effectively makes these objects speak. As a result, the construction of the generalized field of objectivity (according to which everything that exists is an object) passes through a double articulation. On the one hand, since contemporary realism defines itself as a rejection of all forms of linguistic idealism, it also tries to shift the focus away from human language as the primary medium of the construction of objectivity. On the other hand, however, this demotion of language proceeds in these works simultaneously with the elevation of the concept of “translation” to an ontological principle: these non-linguistic objects exist through their perpetual translations of each other. The fetishistic disavowal at work in realism (we know very well that objects do not speak, yet we act as if objectivity had to be construed as a field of translation) introduces the modality of fiction into the very heart of objectivity. This fictional dimension constitutive of objectivity can be described through an engagement of the Kantian notion of “purposiveness.” I argue that these translations that supposedly constitute objectivity rest on the fundamental presupposition that guides the entire Kantian system: we must presuppose purposiveness even where we can detect no evidence of it at all. Hence, today, the theory of the “democracy of objects” must be supplemented by its necessary correlate, a theory of the “conspiracy of objects.”Ta esej si za nalogo zadaja premisliti status »objekta« v tistih sodobnih oblikah filozofskega realizma, ki temeljijo na »ploskih ontologijah«. Trdim, da teoretična konstrukcija »objekta« v teh ontologijah pogosto izhaja iz fetišističnega zanikanja, zaradi katerega ti objekti spregovorijo. To ima za posledico, da konstrukcija posplošenega polja objektivnosti (glede na katerega je vse, kar obstaja, objekt) poteka skozi dvojno povezavo. Glede na to, da se sodobni realizem istoveti z zavrnitvijo vsakršne oblike jezikovnega idealizma, skuša po eni strani premestiti pozornost stran od človeškega jezika kot primarnega medija konstrukcije objektivnosti. Toda po drugo strani gre to razvrednotenje pomena jezika z roko v roki s povzdignjenjem koncepta »prevajanja« v ontološko načelo: ne-jezikovni objekti obstajajo skozi neprestano medsebojno prevajanje. Fetišistično zanikanje v realizmu (dobro vemo, da objekti ne govorijo, a delujemo kot da smo morali objektivnost konstruirati kot polje prevajanja) vnese modalnost fikcije v samo jedro objektivnosti. To fiktivno dimenzijo konstitucije objektivnosti lahko opišemo z uporabo Kantovega pojma »smotrnosti«. Trdim, da prevodi, ki domnevno konstituirajo objektivnost, slonijo na temeljni predpostavki celotnega Kantovega sistema: smotrnost moramo predpostaviti tudi tam, kjer ne zaznavamo nobenega dokaza za njen obstoj. Iz tega sledi, da moramo danes teorijo »demokracije objektov« dopolniti z njenim nujnim korelatom, teorijo »zarote objektov«
A World without the Novel
Full text linkThe primary objective of the essay is to draw the consequences of a truly consistent deployment of the utopian desire that animates Georg Lukács’s The Theory of the Novel. On the one hand, it is quite evident that for Lukács the theory of the novel is a utopian means of the destruction of the novel form itself. On the other hand, however, I argue that Lukács also shows that this utopian desire for the destruction of the novel form is in reality an essential component of the novel form itself. As a result, the novel form is by definition an attempt to imagine what from the perspective of this form remains unimaginable: a world without the novel. The contemporary relevance of this argument, however, remains obscured until we free it from one of Lukács’s basic metaphysical limitations: we must question the central status of the category of the “world” for the theory of the novel
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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