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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BUAH KAPULAGA (Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton) TERHADAP Escherichia coli DAN Streptococcus pyogenes
Get PDFKapulaga merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang ada di Indonesia. Bagian tanaman yang umum digunakan adalah buahnya. Pada buah kapulaga mengandung minyak atsiri, saponin, dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ekstrak buah kapulaga (Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton) yang paling efektif dalam menghambat Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus pyogenes, mengetahui pelarut dengan aktivitas antibakteri paling tinggi terhadap Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus pyogenes, dan mengetahui konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak buah kapulaga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan perlakuan variasi pelarut dan kondisi ekstrak. Buah kapulaga yang digunakan dalam kondisi segar, setengah kering, dan kering. Pelarut yang digunakan yaitu n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol. Ekstrak buah kapulaga didapat dengan cara ekstraksi secara maserasi bertingkat.Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak buah kapulaga menggunakan metode difusi agar untuk mengukur luas zona hambat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisisis dengan ANAVA dan dilanjutkan dengan DMRT untuk mengetahui letak beda nyata. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pada buah kapulaga mengandung minyak atsiri sebesar 5,025% v/b. Ekstrak etila setat kapulaga kering menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri paling tinggi pada Streptococcus pyogenes yang ditunjukkan dengan zona hambat sebesar 1425,96 mm2. Ekstrak etil asetat buah kapulaga setengah kering menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri paling tinggi pada Escherichia coli yang ditunjukkan dengan luas zona hambat sebesar 751,64 mm2. Hasil penelitian didapatkan KHM ekstrak buah kapulaga terhadap bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes pada konsentrasi 2,5% dan terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 5%
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN TEMAN SEBAYA TERHADAP PERILAKU SOSIAL ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Get PDFThe child spends a lot of time interacting in the outer environment with peers in various activities. They showed symptoms of sharing tasks, competition, contention, sympathy, slings help in facing difficulties. This picture shows symptoms of social behavior, there is a good social behavior and social behavior is not good. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of peer environment on the social behavior of children aged 5-6 years in Kindergarten Humairoh Kubang Jaya Village Siak Hulu District Kampar Regency. This research uses the form of quantitative research with correlational approach. Data collection techniques used in this study is observation. This study uses statistical analysis in the form of chi-square method. The results showed that the peer environment has a strong influence on the social behavior of children. This can be seen from the average score of social and environmental behavior of peers obtained in good category (77.55%) and (74.42%). From the result of the research, it is found that the value of χ² = 19.54 and χ²table = 9.49 so that χ²count ≥ χ²table or 19.54 ≥ 9,49 thus the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, that is there is a significant influence from peer environment to social behavior of children aged 5-6 years in Kindergarten Humairoh Kubang Jaya Village Siak Hulu District Kampar District. The effect of variable X to Y is 57%
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Kontribusi Pelatihan Berkisah Tema Keislaman Kepada Kompetensi Guru dan Siswa Taman Kanak-Kanak
Get PDFKualitas guru Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) atau Raudhatul Athfal (RA) yang profesional akan menentukan perkembangan anak usia dini. Guru juga harus memiliki kreativitas dan seni yang mendidik sebagai bentuk keahlian dalam mengajar. Belajar yang diharapkan sesuai dengan karakteristik anak usia dini, yaitu belajar melalui bermain atau bermain sambil belajar. Bercerita merupakan salah satu yang termasuk ke dalam kegiatan bermain. Artikel ini berisikan hasil penelitian jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan 5 orang responden yang mengungkapkan bahwa teknik berkisah meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam mengajar. Peningkatan kompetensi khusus lainnya yang diperoleh guru setelah mengikuti pelatihan teknik berkisah adalah peningkatan kompetensi moral dan semakin peka untuk memahami tahap perkembangan anak, khususnya perkembangan bahasa anak. Selain itu, hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan Kompetensi Keislaman pada guru dan anak didik dengan cara guru mengangkat atau memilih kisah-kisah nyata nabi dan rasul dalam memberikan teknik berkisah kepada siswa atau peserta didik anak usia dini.
Kata Kunci: Teknik Berkisah, Kompetensi Guru, Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Din
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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